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Copyright ©The Author(s) 2022. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.
World J Gastroenterol. May 21, 2022; 28(19): 2076-2087
Published online May 21, 2022. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v28.i19.2076
Mixed neuroendocrine-non-neuroendocrine neoplasms of the digestive system: A mini-review
Deepak Toor, Jonathan M Loree, Zu-Hua Gao, Gang Wang, Chen Zhou
Deepak Toor, Zu-Hua Gao, Gang Wang, Chen Zhou, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, BC Cancer, Vancouver V5Z 1H5, Canada
Deepak Toor, Zu-Hua Gao, Gang Wang, Chen Zhou, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver V5Z 1H5, Canada
Jonathan M Loree, Department of Medicine, BC Cancer, Vancouver V5Z 4E6, Canada
Author contributions: Toor D performed the majority of the writing; Wang G provided input in writing the paper and contributed histology images; Loree JM provided input and opinions on the clinical management portion of the writing; Gao ZH defined the concepts and ensured the overall quality of the writing; Zhou C designed the outline and coordinated the writing of the paper.
Conflict-of-interest statement: JL has received consulting fees from Taiho, Ipsen, Novartis, Amgen, Eisai, and Bayer; research funding from Ipsen Biopharmaceuticals, Amgen, and Foundation Medicine.
Open-Access: This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: https://creativecommons.org/Licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Corresponding author: Chen Zhou, MD, PhD, Associate Professor, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, BC Cancer, 600 West 10th Avenue, Vancouver V5Z 1H5, Canada. czhou@bccancer.bc.ca
Received: November 9, 2021
Peer-review started: November 9, 2021
First decision: March 11, 2022
Revised: March 25, 2022
Accepted: April 28, 2022
Article in press: April 28, 2022
Published online: May 21, 2022
Core Tip

Core Tip: Mixed neuroendocrine neoplasms have been referred to by a long list of names. The latest term, mixed neuroendocrine-non-neuroendocrine neoplasm (MiNEN), captures a wider spectrum of neoplasms than did previous nomenclature. This mini review summarizes the development of the term MiNEN and reviews current knowledge about the molecular pathogenesis, diagnosis, prognosis, and management of these neoplasms. MiNENs are viewed as clonal neoplasms and their clinical behaviour and management are ultimately determined by the most aggressive component present.