Copyright
©The Author(s) 2022. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.
World J Gastroenterol. Mar 14, 2022; 28(10): 985-1008
Published online Mar 14, 2022. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v28.i10.985
Published online Mar 14, 2022. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v28.i10.985
Malignant biliary obstruction due to metastatic non-hepato-pancreato-biliary cancer
Takeshi Okamoto, Department of Gastroenterology, St. Luke’s International Hospital, Chuo-ku 104-8560, Tokyo, Japan
Author contributions: Okamoto T wrote the manuscript.
Conflict-of-interest statement: The author has no financial disclosures or conflicts of interest to declare.
Open-Access: This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: https://creativecommons.org/Licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Corresponding author: Takeshi Okamoto, MD, Staff Physician, Department of Gastroe
Received: March 20, 2021
Peer-review started: March 20, 2021
First decision: July 3, 2021
Revised: July 3, 2021
Accepted: February 15, 2022
Article in press: February 15, 2022
Published online: March 14, 2022
Processing time: 355 Days and 22.7 Hours
Peer-review started: March 20, 2021
First decision: July 3, 2021
Revised: July 3, 2021
Accepted: February 15, 2022
Article in press: February 15, 2022
Published online: March 14, 2022
Processing time: 355 Days and 22.7 Hours
Core Tip
Core Tip: Metastases from distant primary cancers are rare causes of biliary obstruction. The most common primaries include renal cancer, lung cancer, gastric cancer, colorectal cancer, breast cancer, lymphoma, and melanoma. Clinical presentation, appropriate immunohistochemical markers for pathological analysis, treatment options, and prognosis may differ depending on the primary cancer. A review of the existing literature and characteristics of metastases from each primary are presented.