Case Control Study
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World J Gastroenterol. Sep 28, 2021; 27(36): 6093-6109
Published online Sep 28, 2021. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v27.i36.6093
Evaluation of biomarkers, genetic mutations, and epigenetic modifications in early diagnosis of pancreatic cancer
Bilal Rah, Manzoor Ahmad Banday, Gh Rasool Bhat, Omar J Shah, Humira Jeelani, Fizalah Kawoosa, Tahira Yousuf, Dil Afroze
Bilal Rah, Gh Rasool Bhat, Humira Jeelani, Tahira Yousuf, Dil Afroze, Advanced Centre for Human Genetics, Sher-i-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Srinagar 190011, Jammu and Kashmir, India
Manzoor Ahmad Banday, Department of Medical Oncology, Sher-i-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Srinagar 190011, Jammu and Kashmir, India
Omar J Shah, Department of Surgical Gastroenterology, Sher-i-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Srinagar 190011, Jammu and Kashmir, India
Fizalah Kawoosa, Department of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, Sher-i-Kashmir Institute of Medical Science, Srinagar 190011, Jammu and Kashmir, India
Author contributions: Rah B performed data analysis and manuscript writing; Banday MA contributed to study design, data analysis and gave directions; Bhat GR contributed to data analysis and proofreading; Shah OJ contributed by providing patient samples; Jeelani H contributed to manuscript writing; Kawoosa F contributed to sample collection and experimentation; Yousuf T contributed to manuscript writing; and Afroze D contributed to study design, data analysis and gave directions; All authors gave the final approval of the current version of the manuscript for publication and agreed to be accountable for the current work.
Institutional review board statement: The study was reviewed and approved by the Institutional Ethics committee (IEC), Sher-i-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
Conflict-of-interest statement: The authors declare no conflicts of interest.
Data sharing statement: No additional data are available
STROBE statement: The authors have read the STROBE Statement, and the manuscript was prepared and revised according to the STROBE Statement.
Open-Access: This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/Licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Corresponding author: Dil Afroze, PhD, Full Professor, Advanced Centre for Human Genetics, Sher-i-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Main Road, Srinagar 190011, Jammu and Kashmir, India. afrozedil@gmail.com
Received: April 7, 2021
Peer-review started: April 7, 2021
First decision: May 27, 2021
Revised: June 10, 2021
Accepted: July 13, 2021
Article in press: July 13, 2021
Published online: September 28, 2021
Processing time: 168 Days and 14.7 Hours
Core Tip

Core Tip: This study demonstrates that the collective evaluation of genetic mutations, epigenetic modifications in key genes and elevated levels of serum carbohydrate antigen 19-9, tissue polypeptide specific antigen, carcinoembryonic antigen, and vascular endothelial growth factor-A could be used as predictive biomarkers for diagnostics and prognostics in pancreatic cancer patients of the ethnic Kashmiri population. This could be useful to track the disease status of pancreatic cancer patients who are on a different regimen of chemotherapeutic interventions. To validate these results in the ethnic Kashmiri population, future studies need comprehensive, cohort, and replicative studies with large sample size.