Reshetnyak VI, Maev IV, Burmistrov AI, Chekmazov IA, Karlovich TI. Torque teno virus in liver diseases: On the way towards unity of view. World J Gastroenterol 2020; 26(15): 1691-1707 [PMID: 32351287 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v26.i15.1691]
Corresponding Author of This Article
Vasiliy I Reshetnyak, DSc, MD, PhD, Full Professor, Department of Propaedeutic of Internal Diseases and Gastroenterology, A.I. Yevdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, 20, Bldg. 1, Delegatskaya Street, Moscow 127473, Russia. vasiliy.reshetnyak@yandex.ru
Research Domain of This Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Article-Type of This Article
Review
Open-Access Policy of This Article
This article is an open-access article which was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
World J Gastroenterol. Apr 21, 2020; 26(15): 1691-1707 Published online Apr 21, 2020. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v26.i15.1691
Torque teno virus in liver diseases: On the way towards unity of view
Vasiliy I Reshetnyak, Igor V Maev, Alexandr I Burmistrov, Igor A Chekmazov, Tatiana I Karlovich
Vasiliy I Reshetnyak, Igor V Maev, Alexandr I Burmistrov, Department of Propaedeutic of Internal Diseases and Gastroenterology, A.I. Yevdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, Moscow 127473, Russia
Igor A Chekmazov, Tatiana I Karlovich, Central Clinical Hospital with Polyclinic, Presidential Administration of the Russian Federation, Moscow 121359, Russia
Author contributions: All authors equally contributed to this paper with conception and design of the study, literature review and analysis, drafting and critical revision and editing, and final approval of the final version.
Conflict-of-interest statement: The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
Open-Access: This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Corresponding author: Vasiliy I Reshetnyak, DSc, MD, PhD, Full Professor, Department of Propaedeutic of Internal Diseases and Gastroenterology, A.I. Yevdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, 20, Bldg. 1, Delegatskaya Street, Moscow 127473, Russia. vasiliy.reshetnyak@yandex.ru
Received: December 26, 2019 Peer-review started: December 26, 2019 First decision: February 18, 2020 Revised: March 23, 2020 Accepted: March 27, 2020 Article in press: March 27, 2020 Published online: April 21, 2020
Core Tip
Core tip: The review is dedicated to torque teno virus (TTV) discovered in the late 20th century. It presents data on the morphofunctional properties of the virus, its immunobiology, prevalence, transmission routes, possible replication sites, methods for diagnosis and co-infection in liver diseases. The authors tried to analyze the information accumulated in the literature on these issues and to show the evolution of views on the importance of the virus to humans: From its hepatotropism to virome and a marker for the human immune status. Along with this, the review gives data suggesting that there are biochemical and histological changes in the liver and bile duct epithelium during TTV monoinfection. On the one hand, this information points to the possible replication of the virus in the cells of the liver and the epithelium of the bile ducts. On the other hand, the high prevalence of TTV in the population indicates its persistence in the body as a virome and a non-pathogenic virus. Moreover, the fortunately rare identification of the damaging effect of the virus on the cells of the liver and the epithelium of the bile ducts may be indirect evidence of its conditionally pathogenic properties.
