Retrospective Study
Copyright ©The Author(s) 2019. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.
World J Gastroenterol. Nov 14, 2019; 25(42): 6342-6353
Published online Nov 14, 2019. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v25.i42.6342
Changes of gastric ulcer bleeding in the metropolitan area of Japan
Yoko Kubosawa, Hideki Mori, Satoshi Kinoshita, Yoshihiro Nakazato, Ai Fujimoto, Masahiro Kikuchi, Toshihiro Nishizawa, Masayuki Suzuki, Hidekazu Suzuki
Yoko Kubosawa, Hideki Mori, Satoshi Kinoshita, Yoshihiro Nakazato, Ai Fujimoto, Masahiro Kikuchi, Toshihiro Nishizawa, Masayuki Suzuki, Department of Gastroenterology, National Hospital Organization Tokyo Medical Center, Meguro, Tokyo 152-8902, Japan
Yoko Kubosawa, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku, Tokyo 160-0016, Japan
Hideki Mori, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Diseases (TARGID), University of Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
Toshihiro Nishizawa, Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Disease Center, International University of Health and Welfare, Mita Hospital, Minato, Tokyo 108-8329, Japan
Hidekazu Suzuki, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Kanagawa 259-1193, Japan
Author contributions: All authors helped to perform the research; Kubosawa Y contributed to manuscript writing, performing procedures and data analysis; Mori H contributed manuscript writing, drafting conception and design, and date analysis; Kinoshita S, Nakazato Y, Fujimoto A, Kikuchi M, Nishizawa T, Suzuki M contributed to writing the manuscript; Hidekazu Suzuki contributed to writing the manuscript, drafting conception and design.
Institutional review board statement: This study was reviewed and approved by the Ethics Committee of the National Hospital Organization Tokyo Medical Center.
Informed consent statement: Written informed consent was not required, and informed consent included an opt-out clause approved by the Medical Ethics Committee.
Conflict-of-interest statement: During the last 3 years, Suzuki H. received scholarship funds for research from Daiichi-Sankyo Co., EA Pharma Co., Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., and Tsumura Co., and received service honoraria from Astellas Pharma Inc., AstraZeneca K.K., Daiichi-Sankyo Co., EA Pharma Co., Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Mylan EPD Co., Takeda Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Tsumura Co., and Zeria Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd. The other authors have no conflicts of interest to declare.
Data sharing statement: No additional data is available.
Open-Access: This is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Corresponding author: Hideki Mori, MD, PhD, Department of Gastroenterology, National Hospital Organization Tokyo Medical Center, 2-5-1 Higashigaoka, Meguro, Tokyo 152-8902, Japan. koyamaru2002@yahoo.co.jp
Telephone: +81-3-34000111 Fax: +81-3-34129811
Received: May 26, 2019
Peer-review started: May 27, 2019
First decision: July 21, 2019
Revised: September 11, 2019
Accepted: November 1, 2019
Article in press: November 1, 2019
Published online: November 14, 2019
Processing time: 172 Days and 21.8 Hours
Core Tip

Core tip: The two main causes of gastric ulcer bleeding are Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection and ulcerogenic medicines, although the number of cases caused by each may vary with age. The aim of this study was to examine changes of gastric ulcer bleeding over 10 years. The mean age increased significantly. The rate of H. pylori infection tended to decrease, whereas the proportion of patients taking antithrombotic agents or non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs tended to increase. H. pylori-induced ulcers accounted for the majority in younger patients and the proportion of gastric ulcers caused by ulcerogenic drugs was increasing with age.