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©The Author(s) 2018. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.
World J Gastroenterol. Oct 7, 2018; 24(37): 4281-4290
Published online Oct 7, 2018. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v24.i37.4281
Published online Oct 7, 2018. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v24.i37.4281
Risk factors for liver disease among adults of Mexican descent in the United States and Mexico
Yvonne N Flores, Paula Ramírez-Palacios, Jorge Salmerón, Unidad de Investigación Epidemiológica y en Servicios de Salud, Delegación Morelos, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Cuernavaca, Morelos 62000, México
Yvonne N Flores, Roshan Bastani, UCLA Department of Health Policy and Management and Kaiser Permanente Center for Health Equity, Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
Yvonne N Flores, Roshan Bastani, Catherine M Crespi, UCLA Cancer Prevention and Control Research Center, Fielding School of Public Health and Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
Zuo-Feng Zhang, UCLA Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
Mei Leng, UCLA Division of General Internal Medicine and Health Services Research, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
Catherine M Crespi, UCLA Department of Biostatistics, Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
Heather Stevens, University of Washington, School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, United States
Jorge Salmerón, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Academic Epidemiology Research Unit, Avenida Universidad 3000, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, Mexico City 04510, México
Jorge Salmerón, Centro de Investigación en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca, Morelos 62100, México
Author contributions: Flores YN, Zhang ZF, Bastani R, Leng M, Crespi CM, Ramírez-Palacios P, Stevens H, Salmerón J contributed to the study design; statistical analysis; interpretation of the findings; writing the article and approval of the final draft.
Supported by the Programa de Investigació ; n en Migracion y Salud (PIMSA) , No. 2015-2106 ; the Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS) , No. 2005/1/I/093 ; and the Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologí ; a (CONACYT) , No. 26267M and No. SALUD-2011-01-161930 ; the NIH , No. UL1TR000124 to Crespi CM, and NIH/NCI No. K07CA197179 to Flores YN .
Institutional review board statement: Approval for both the Health Worker Cohort Study and this bi-national investigation was obtained from the Internal Review Boards of IMSS and UCLA.
Conflict-of-interest statement: All authors declare no potential conflicts of interest relevant to this article.
Data sharing statement: No additional data are available.
STROBE statement: The guidelines of the STROBE Statement have been adopted.
Open-Access: This article is an open-access article which was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Correspondence to: Yvonne N Flores, PhD, Unidad de Investigación Epidemiológica y en Servicios de Salud, Delegación Morelos, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Blvd. Juárez #31, Colonia Centro, Cuernavaca, Morelos 62000, México. ynflores@ucla.edu
Telephone: +52-777-1001364
Received: June 20, 2018
Peer-review started: June 20, 2018
First decision: July 4, 2018
Revised: August 1, 2018
Accepted: August 24, 2018
Article in press: August 24, 2018
Published online: October 7, 2018
Processing time: 102 Days and 6.7 Hours
Peer-review started: June 20, 2018
First decision: July 4, 2018
Revised: August 1, 2018
Accepted: August 24, 2018
Article in press: August 24, 2018
Published online: October 7, 2018
Processing time: 102 Days and 6.7 Hours
Core Tip
Core tip: United States (US) Latinos have greater morbidity and mortality from liver disease than non-Hispanic whites, and liver disease is the fifth leading cause of death in Mexico. Known risk factors for chronic liver disease include hepatitis B or C infection, heavy/binge drinking, obesity, diabetes, and metabolic syndrome. We found that Mexican-Americans in the US have a greater risk of obesity, diabetes and heavy/binge drinking than their counterparts in Mexico. The prevalence of heavy/binge drinking was alarmingly high among Mexican-Americans, with over 70% among males and over 50% among US-born females. Our results identify a high prevalence of specific risk factors that should be targeted to reduce the high rates of liver disease-related mortality in this population.