Published online Jan 21, 2017. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v23.i3.551
Peer-review started: September 17, 2016
First decision: November 9, 2016
Revised: December 5, 2016
Accepted: December 16, 2016
Article in press: December 19, 2016
Published online: January 21, 2017
Processing time: 118 Days and 16.9 Hours
Core tip: This case highlighted the possibility of development of metachronous neoplasms at the colorectal anastomosis, especially rare mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma with unusual 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) hypermetabolism. Chromosomal translocation leading to the activation of nuclear factor-κB pathway in proliferative B cells stimulated by pathogens may explain the etiopathogenesis for MALT lymphoma. Despite being indolent, MALT lymphoma can be successfully imaged by 18F-FDG-positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT), and shows great 18F-FDG avidity. This indicates that PET/CT can be added to the workup of MALT lymphoma. Considering that MALT lymphoma originates from many organs, patient-tailored treatment including radiotherapy, chemotherapy and immunotherapy is necessary.