Published online Apr 21, 2017. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v23.i15.2635
Peer-review started: January 3, 2017
First decision: January 19, 2017
Revised: January 24, 2017
Accepted: March 20, 2017
Article in press: March 20, 2017
Published online: April 21, 2017
Processing time: 111 Days and 11.5 Hours
Core tip: Celiac disease is an immune-mediated disorder that improves with a strict gluten-free diet. Dietary compliance is essential for symptom resolution and reduction of the risk of long-term complications, including malignancy. Recent evidence suggests that resolution of symptoms and normalization of serological antibody markers on a gluten-free diet occurs, but mucosal inflammatory changes may persist, a critical risk factor for long-term complications. Several recent biopsy studies have documented that the small intestinal mucosa in adult celiac disease may completely normalize within months, but most require up to 2 years or more to demonstrate mucosal recovery and healing. Histopathological rates of resolution on a gluten-free diet appear to be time-dependent, sex-dependent with higher rates in females, and age-dependent, with lower rates in the very elderly.