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©The Author(s) 2016. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.
World J Gastroenterol. Jan 7, 2016; 22(1): 262-274
Published online Jan 7, 2016. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v22.i1.262
Published online Jan 7, 2016. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v22.i1.262
Controversies regarding and perspectives on clinical utility of biomarkers in hepatocellular carcinoma
Pei-Pei Song, Ju-Feng Xia, Yoshinori Inagaki, Kiyoshi Hasegawa, Yoshihiro Sakamoto, Norihiro Kokudo, Wei Tang, Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery Division, Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
Author contributions: Kokudo N and Tang W designed the research; Song PP, Xia JF and Inagaki Y conducted the data collection and analysis; Song PP wrote the initial draft of the paper; Hasegawa K and Sakamoto Y revised the paper; all authors were involved in the interpretation of the data and writing the paper; all authors approved the final version of the manuscript and take responsibility for its content.
Supported by Grants-in-Aid from the Ministry of Education, Science, Sports, and Culture of Japan.
Conflict-of-interest statement: The authors declare that they have no competing interests.
Open-Access: This article is an open-access article which was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Correspondence to: Wei Tang, MD, PhD, Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery Division, Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, the University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan. tang-sur@h.u-tokyo.ac.jp
Telephone: +81-3-58009269 Fax: +81-3-56843989
Received: May 15, 2015
Peer-review started: May 19, 2015
First decision: July 14, 2015
Revised: July 27, 2015
Accepted: October 13, 2015
Article in press: October 13, 2015
Published online: January 7, 2016
Processing time: 229 Days and 18.4 Hours
Peer-review started: May 19, 2015
First decision: July 14, 2015
Revised: July 27, 2015
Accepted: October 13, 2015
Article in press: October 13, 2015
Published online: January 7, 2016
Processing time: 229 Days and 18.4 Hours
Core Tip
Core tip: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a major global health problem due to the high prevalence of the risk factors hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus infection. Thus, a good surveillance program and diagnostic strategy for the early detection of HCC should be available. This review summarizes the controversies regarding and perspectives on clinical utility of biomarkers in HCC, especially the current role of alpha-fetoprotein and des-γ-carboxyprothrombin. In addition, research frontiers and prospects for novel biomarkers to evaluate the prognosis for HCC and to facilitate post-treatment monitoring are reviewed.