Attar BM, Moore CM, George M, Ion-Nedelcu N, Turbay R, Zachariah A, Ramadori G, Fareed J, Thiel DHV. Procalcitonin, and cytokines document a dynamic inflammatory state in non-infected cirrhotic patients with ascites. World J Gastroenterol 2014; 20(9): 2374-2382 [PMID: 24605035 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i9.2374]
Corresponding Author of This Article
Bashar M Attar, MD, PhD, AGAF, FACP, FACG, FASGE, Professor of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, John H Stroger Hospital of Cook County, 1901 W. Harrison Street, Admin. bldg, Suite 1450, Chicago, IL 60612, United States. battar@rush.edu
Research Domain of This Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Article-Type of This Article
Brief Article
Open-Access Policy of This Article
This article is an open-access article which was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
World J Gastroenterol. Mar 7, 2014; 20(9): 2374-2382 Published online Mar 7, 2014. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i9.2374
Procalcitonin, and cytokines document a dynamic inflammatory state in non-infected cirrhotic patients with ascites
Bashar M Attar, Christopher M Moore, Magdalena George, Nicolae Ion-Nedelcu, Rafael Turbay, Annamma Zachariah, Guiliano Ramadori, Jawed Fareed, David H Van Thiel
Bashar M Attar, Rafael Turbay, Annamma Zachariah, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, John H Stroger Hospital of Cook County, Chicago, IL 60612, United States
Bashar M Attar, Christopher M Moore, Magdalena George, David H Van Thiel, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, United States
Nicolae Ion-Nedelcu, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Victor Babes Infectious Clinic, 050094 Bucharest, Romania
Guiliano Ramadori, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, August Georg University, D-37075 Gottingen, Germany
Jawed Fareed, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL 60153, United States
Author contributions: Attar BM contributed to study design, literature search, patient identification, data collection, data analysis, and manuscript writing; Moore CM contributed to data collection and manuscript writing; George M contributed to study design, laboratory work, data collection, data analysis, and manuscript writing; Ion-Nedelcu N contributed to study design and data analysis; Turbay R contributed to identification of patients with ascites and data collection; Zachariah A contributed to identification of patients with ascites and data collection; Ramadori G contributed to study design and data analysis; Fareed J contributed to study design and data analysis; Van Thiel DH contributed to study hypothesis, study design, data collection, data analysis, and manuscript writing.
Correspondence to: Bashar M Attar, MD, PhD, AGAF, FACP, FACG, FASGE, Professor of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, John H Stroger Hospital of Cook County, 1901 W. Harrison Street, Admin. bldg, Suite 1450, Chicago, IL 60612, United States. battar@rush.edu
Telephone: +1-312-8647213 Fax: +1-312-8649214
Received: February 26, 2013 Revised: April 23, 2013 Accepted: June 1, 2013 Published online: March 7, 2014 Processing time: 373 Days and 6.1 Hours
Core Tip
Core tip: Procalcitonin received much attention as a serum marker in differentiating sepsis from systemic inflammatory response syndrome and bacterial sepsis. Procalcitonin significance in assessing ascitic fluid inflammation and/or infection is less well characterized. This study demonstrates that non-infected cirrhotics with ascites vs those without ascites manifest peri-peritoneal based immune response mediated by a constellation of pro- and anti-inflammatory protein markers and procalcitonin. This peri-peritoneal response is distinct from the systemic immune response to the underlying hepatic disease process. Its recognition can potentially determine the likelihood for future adverse events like spontaneous bacterial peritonitis, the hepato-renal syndrome and impending death.
