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World J Gastroenterol. May 14, 2014; 20(18): 5263-5273
Published online May 14, 2014. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i18.5263
Published online May 14, 2014. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i18.5263
Vacuoles of Candida yeast as a specialized niche for Helicobacter pylori
Farideh Siavoshi, Parastoo Saniee, Department of Microbiology, School of Biology, University College of Sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran 14176-14411, Iran
Author contributions: Siavoshi F and Saniee P contributed equally to the literature review and writing of this manuscript.
Correspondence to: Farideh Siavoshi, PhD, Department of Microbiology, School of Biology, University College of Sciences, University of Tehran, Enghelab Avenue, Tehran 14176-14411, Iran. siavoshi@khayam.ut.ac.ir
Telephone: + 98-21-61112460 Fax: +98-21-66492992
Received: October 15, 2013
Revised: January 9, 2014
Accepted: February 26, 2014
Published online: May 14, 2014
Revised: January 9, 2014
Accepted: February 26, 2014
Published online: May 14, 2014
Core Tip
Core tip:Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) have been observed within yeast vacuoles by light and fluorescence microscopy, and their presence has been confirmed by the detection of H. pylori-specific genes and proteins in yeast extracts, such as VacA subunits, UreA, peroxiredoxin and thiol peroxidase. Moreover, non-culturable H. pylori cells have been found in subsequent generations of yeasts, indicating the generational transmission of the bacteria is part of the transfer of vacuolar content. H. pylori are therefore well-equipped to establish in the vacuoles of yeast, which provide them with essential nutrients such as ergosterol for multiplication, as a pre-adaptation for invasion of human cells.