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©The Author(s) 2020. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.
Clinical features of cardiac nodularity-like appearance induced by Helicobacter pylori infection
Toshihiro Nishizawa, Kosuke Sakitani, Hidekazu Suzuki, Shuntaro Yoshida, Yosuke Kataoka, Yousuke Nakai, Hirotoshi Ebinuma, Takanori Kanai, Osamu Toyoshima, Kazuhiko Koike
Toshihiro Nishizawa, Kosuke Sakitani, Shuntaro Yoshida, Yosuke Kataoka, Osamu Toyoshima, Department of Gastroenterology, Toyoshima Endoscopy Clinic, Tokyo 1570066, Japan
Toshihiro Nishizawa, Hirotoshi Ebinuma, Department of Gastroenterology, Narita Hospital, International University of Health and Welfare, Chiba 2868520, Japan
Kosuke Sakitani, Department of Gastroenterology, Sakitani Endoscopy Clinic, Chiba 2740825, Japan
Hidekazu Suzuki, Department of Internal Medicine, Tokai University School of Medicine, Kanagawa 2591193, Japan
Yousuke Nakai, Osamu Toyoshima, Kazuhiko Koike, Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 1138655, Japan
Takanori Kanai, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 1608582, Japan
Author contributions: Nishizawa T analyzed data, and wrote the manuscript; Sakitani K and Yoshida S reviewed endoscopic images; Kataoka Y collected the data; Suzuki H, Nakai Y, Ebinuma H, and Kanai T critically revised the manuscript; Koike K supervised the study; Toyoshima O recruited patients, designed the study.
Institutional review board statement: This retrospective study was approved by the Ethical Review Committee of Hattori Clinic on September 6, 2019 (approval no. S1909-U06).
Informed consent statement: Patients were not required to give informed consent to the study because the analysis used anonymous clinical data that were obtained after each patient agreed to treatment by written consent.
Conflict-of-interest statement: There are no conflicts of interest to report.
Data sharing statement: No additional data are available.
STROBE statement: The authors have read the STROBE Statement—checklist of items, and the manuscript was prepared and revised according to the STROBE Statement—checklist of items.
Open-Access: This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Corresponding author: Osamu Toyoshima, MD, Doctor, Department of Gastroenterology, Toyoshima Endoscopy Clinic, 6-17-5 Seijo, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 1570066, Japan.
t@ichou.com
Received: May 7, 2020
Peer-review started: May 7, 2020
First decision: May 15, 2020
Revised: May 17, 2020
Accepted: September 2, 2020
Article in press: September 2, 2020
Published online: September 21, 2020
Processing time: 132 Days and 22.9 Hours
ARTICLE HIGHLIGHTS
Research background
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori)-associated nodular gastritis could occur in both the antrum and the cardia. Cardiac nodularity-like appearance is found more frequently than antral nodularity.
Research motivation
Previous study included only the patients who were evaluated for H. pylori infection for the first time. There still remains a lack of the prevalence and clinical features of cardiac nodularity-like appearance.
Research objectives
We aimed to evaluate the characteristics of cardiac nodularity-like appearance.
Research methods
We enrolled consecutive patients who underwent esophagogastroduodenoscopy between May, 2017 and August, 2019 in the Toyoshima Endoscopy Clinic. We included H. pylori-negative, H. pylori-positive, and H. pylori-eradicated patients, and excluded patients with unclear H. pylori status and eradication failure. Cardiac nodularity was defined as a miliary nodular appearance or the presence of scattered whitish circular small colorations within 2 cm of the esophagogastric junction.
Research results
A total of 1078 patients were finally included. The prevalence of cardiac and antral nodularity in H. pylori-negative, -positive, and -eradicated patients were 0.14% and 0.14%, 54.5% and 29.5%, and 4.5% and 0.6%, respectively. Cardiac nodularity-like appearance was more frequent than antral nodularity in H. pylori-positive and -eradicated patients. Cardiac nodularity-like appearance was often found in younger patients and patients with less intestinal metaplasia. Cardiac nodularity-like appearance decreased after eradication, especially in patients who underwent eradication a long time ago.
Research conclusions
This report outlines the prevalence and clinical features of cardiac nodularity-like appearance, and confirm its close association with active H. pylori infection.
Research perspectives
Our results should be validated in diverse settings for generalizability.
