Basic Study
Copyright ©The Author(s) 2019. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.
World J Gastroenterol. Apr 21, 2019; 25(15): 1854-1864
Published online Apr 21, 2019. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v25.i15.1854
Extract of Cycas revoluta Thunb. enhances the inhibitory effect of 5-fluorouracil on gastric cancer cells through the AKT-mTOR pathway
Xing-Liang Cui, Ke-Ji Li, Hai-Xia Ren, Yong-Jian Zhang, Xiao-Dong Liu, Bao-Guo Bu, Lei Wang
Xing-Liang Cui, Hai-Xia Ren, Yong-Jian Zhang, Xiao-Dong Liu, Bao-Guo Bu, Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University of Engineering, Handan 056001, Hebei Province, China
Ke-Ji Li, Department of Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University of Engineering, Handan 056001, Hebei Province, China
Lei Wang, Department of Pathology, Medical College of Hebei University of Engineering, Handan 056000, Hebei Province, China
Author contributions: Wang L and Cui XL designed the research; Li KJ, Ren HX, Zhang YJ and Cui XL performed the research; Liu XD and Bu BG analyzed the data; Wang L and Cui XL wrote the paper.
Institutional review board statement: This study was reviewed and approved by the Institutional Review Board of the Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University of Engineering.
Conflict-of-interest statement: We declare no conflict of interest.
Data sharing statement: No additional data are available.
Open-Access: This article is an open-access article which was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Corresponding author: Lei Wang, MA, MSc, Associate Professor, Department of Pathology, Medical College of Hebei University of Engineering, No. 42 Congtai Road, Handan 056000, Hebei Province, China. wangleinv1975@126.com
Telephone: +86-13131048342 Fax: +86-310-8575116
Received: February 21, 2019
Peer-review started: February 21, 2019
First decision: March 5, 2019
Revised: March 10, 2019
Accepted: March 16, 2019
Article in press: March 16, 2019
Published online: April 21, 2019
Processing time: 56 Days and 17 Hours
ARTICLE HIGHLIGHTS
Research background

As one of the most frequent cancers, gastric cancer caused more than 700,000 deaths in just 2012 worldwide. Although 5-fluorouracil (5-Fu) is often employed as treatment against gastric cancer, its effect is severely affected by drug resistance of gastric cancer cells. Cycas revoluta Thunb. Extract has shown promise as a cancer treatment, though its effect on gastric cancer remains unknown.

Research motivation

To find new ways for chemical sensitization of cancer cells and improve the effect of 5-Fu during chemotherapy against malignancies.

Research objectives

To explore the anti-cancer effect of Cycas revoluta Thunb. in gastric cancer and investigate its chemical sensitization effect against gastric cancer cells during 5-Fu treatment.

Research methods

The half-maximal effective concentration and the half-maximal lethal concentration of drugs were determined by cell viability test. The effect of Cycas revoluta Thunb. on gastric cancer cell migration was investigated by wound-healing and transwell assay. The synergistic effect between Cycas revoluta Thunb. and 5-Fu was confirmed by clonogenic assay and apoptosis detection. The expression of crucial proteins was measured by western blotting.

Research results

We found that the natural extract of Cycas revoluta Thunb. Preferentially killed gastric cancer cells compared to normal gastric cells. In addition, the extract significantly inhibited gastric cancer cell growth, migration and invasion. Cycas revoluta Thunb. can also improve the inhibitory effects of 5-Fu and effectively induce cell apoptosis. Western blotting analysis showed that P-glycoprotein, p-AKT and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) expression markedly decreased, suggesting that AKT-mTOR pathway plays an important role in chemical sensitization induced by Cycas revoluta Thunb.

Research conclusions

Our study demonstrated that the natural extract of Cycas revoluta Thunb. can significantly inhibit gastric cancer cell growth, migration and invasion. Furthermore, it can also improve the effect of 5-Fu and promote apoptosis during chemotherapy. Therefore, our study provides a new drug for improving the clinical effect of chemotherapy in gastric cancer. Our study also showed that Cycas revoluta Thunb. Enhanced the effects of 5-Fu through the AKT-mTOR pathway, offering a novel mechanism for the chemical sensitization effect of Cycas revoluta Thunb.

Research perspectives

In the future, research may reveal the main component of Cycas revoluta Thunb. that enhances the sensitivity of cancer cells and further develop for its application in anti-cancer treatments. The identification of the molecular pathway related to AKT-mTOR may further explain the underlying mechanism.