Copyright
©The Author(s) 2017. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.
Early gastric cancer frequently has high expression of KK-LC-1, a cancer-testis antigen
Nobue Futawatari, Takashi Fukuyama, Rui Yamamura, Akiko Shida, Yoshihito Takahashi, Yatsushi Nishi, Yoshinobu Ichiki, Noritada Kobayashi, Hitoshi Yamazaki, Masahiko Watanabe
Nobue Futawatari, Department of Surgery, Sagamihara National Hospital, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0392, Japan
Nobue Futawatari, Akiko Shida, Masahiko Watanabe, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Kitasato University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0374, Japan
Takashi Fukuyama, Rui Yamamura, Noritada Kobayashi, Division of Biomedical Research, Kitasato University Medical Center, Kitamoto, Saitama 364-8501, Japan
Yoshihito Takahashi, Yatsushi Nishi, Department of Surgery, Kitasato University Medical Center, Kitamoto, Saitama 364-8501, Japan
Yoshinobu Ichiki, Second Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka 807-8555, Japan
Hitoshi Yamazaki, Department of Pathology, Kitasato University Medical Center, Kitamoto, Saitama 364-8501, Japan
Author contributions: Futawatari N and Fukuyama T contributed equally to this work; Futawatari N, Fukuyama T, Ichiki Y, Yamazaki H and Watanabe M designed the research; Futawatari N, Fukuyama T, Yamamura R, Shida A, Takahashi Y, Nishi Y, Kobayashi N and Yamazaki H performed the research; Futawatari N performed statistical analysis; Futawatari N, Fukuyama T and Watanabe M wrote the paper.
Supported by Grant-in-Aid for research by Kitasato University Medical Center, No. H25-0006 and the JSPS, KAKENHI, No. 26670609 to Futawatari N, and the JSPS, KAKENHI, No. 21700510 and No. 17K16578, Takeda Science Foundation and Kitasato University Research Grant for Young Researchers to Fukuyama T.
Institutional review board statement: The study protocol was approved by the Human Ethics Review Committee of Kitasato University Medical Center, Japan.
Conflict-of-interest statement: There are no conflicts of interest to declare.
Data sharing statement: No additional data are available.
Open-Access: This article is an open-access article which was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Correspondence to: Takashi Fukuyama, PhD, Investigator, Division of Biomedical Research, 6-100 Arai, Kitamoto, Saitama 364-8501, Japan. fukuyam@insti.kitasato-u.ac.jp
Telephone: +81-48-5931236 Fax: +81-48-5931262
Received: October 5, 2017
Peer-review started: October 6, 2017
First decision: October 18, 2017
Revised: October 30, 2017
Accepted: November 14, 2017
Article in press: November 14, 2017
Published online: December 14, 2017
ARTICLE HIGHLIGHTS
Research background
One CTA’s expression rate was high in gastric cancer. The expression rate of CTAs is commonly higher at advanced stages than early stage of cancers of any organs. We hypothesized that KK-LC-1 expression rate would be higher in advanced stage than in early stage.
Research motivation
One CTA was not analyzed the relation of clinicopathological factors and other CTAs were little known the relation of them. Now, tumor immunotherapy has been remarked because of PD-1 therapy, then CTAs, targets for immunotherapy, will be also remarked.
Research objectives
We search the new approach of CTAs for therapy or diagnosis of cancer. For the objective, we performed their characteristics. Especially, the high-rate expressing CTAs should be mined and characterized for cancer therapy/diagnosis.
Research methods
The process was very simple. We collected fresh tumor tissues of stomach resected from gastric cancer patients and evaluated the expression of four CTAs using RT-PCR method. Also we collected the clinicopathological background in their clinical records. We calculated the proportion of each CTA expression and evaluated the difference of clinicopathological background between the patients with expression of each CTA and without them. We performed statistical analysis of χ2 test using EZR.
Research results
The expression rate of KK-LC-1 in early stage was as high as in advanced stages. The expression rate of KK-LC-1 was about 80% high at any statement of clinicopathological background. And we supplied the knowledges about the correlation between expression of each CTA and clinicopathological background.
Research conclusions
Our results of High-rate expression of KK-LC-1 not only in advanced stage but also in early stage indicated that it would be an attractive target for immunotherapy and early diagnosis in gastric cancer.
Research perspectives
We need to evaluate that KK-LC-1 is correlate to infection of H. pylori in gastric cancer and that KK-LC-1 is detected at the less invasive methods than biopsy.
