Tsukanov VV, Vasyutin AV, Tonkikh JL. Risk factors, prevention and screening of colorectal cancer: A rising problem. World J Gastroenterol 2025; 31(5): 98629 [DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v31.i5.98629]
Corresponding Author of This Article
Vladislav V Tsukanov, MD, PhD, Professor, Clinical Department of The Digestive System Pathology of Adults and Children, Federal Research Center “Krasnoyarsk Science Center” of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Scientific Research Institute of Medical Problems of the North, 3-G Partizan Zheleznyak St, Krasnoyarsk 660022, Russia. gastro@impn.ru
Research Domain of This Article
Oncology
Article-Type of This Article
Letter to the Editor
Open-Access Policy of This Article
This article is an open-access article which was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
World J Gastroenterol. Feb 7, 2025; 31(5): 98629 Published online Feb 7, 2025. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v31.i5.98629
Risk factors, prevention and screening of colorectal cancer: A rising problem
Vladislav V Tsukanov, Alexander V Vasyutin, Julia L Tonkikh
Vladislav V Tsukanov, Alexander V Vasyutin, Julia L Tonkikh, Clinical Department of The Digestive System Pathology of Adults and Children, Federal Research Center “Krasnoyarsk Science Center” of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Scientific Research Institute of Medical Problems of the North, Krasnoyarsk 660022, Russia
Author contributions: Tsukanov VV, Vasyutin AV and Tonkikh JL contributed to this paper; Tsukanov VV designed the overall concept and outline of the manuscript; Vasyutin AV and Tonkikh JL contributed to the discussion and design of the manuscript; Tsukanov VV, Vasyutin AV and Tonkikh JL contributed to the writing, and editing the manuscript, and review of literature; All authors have read and approved the final manuscript.
Conflict-of-interest statement: The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
Open-Access: This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: https://creativecommons.org/Licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Corresponding author: Vladislav V Tsukanov, MD, PhD, Professor, Clinical Department of The Digestive System Pathology of Adults and Children, Federal Research Center “Krasnoyarsk Science Center” of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Scientific Research Institute of Medical Problems of the North, 3-G Partizan Zheleznyak St, Krasnoyarsk 660022, Russia. gastro@impn.ru
Received: July 1, 2024 Revised: November 6, 2024 Accepted: December 4, 2024 Published online: February 7, 2025 Processing time: 182 Days and 2.6 Hours
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most commonly diagnosed cancer and the second leading cause of cancer death worldwide. The leading risk factors for CRC include male gender, age over 50, family history, obesity, tobacco smoking, alcohol consumption, and unhealthy diet. CRC screening methods vary considerably between countries and depend on incidence, economic resources and healthcare structure. Important aspects of screening include adherence, which can vary significantly across ethnic and socioeconomic groups. Basic concepts of CRC screening include pre-stratification of patients by identifying risk factors and then using fecal immunochemical test or guaiac-based fecal occult blood test and/or colonoscopy or radiologic imaging techniques. Technological capabilities for CRC screening are rapidly evolving and include stool DNA test, liquid biopsy, virtual colonography, and the use of artificial intelligence. A CRC prevention strategy should be comprehensive and include active patient education along with targeted implementation of screening.
Core Tip: Colorectal cancer occupies a leading position in the structure of oncological pathology. In this regard, prevention and screening of intestinal neoplasms are given great attention. There are standard methods of colorectal cancer screening, which include fecal occult blood tests and colonoscopy. New approaches include the use of DNA fecal testing, liquid biopsy, virtual colonography and artificial intelligence. The choice of screening strategy depends on the incidence of colorectal cancer, the social and economic situation in a particular region.
