Retrospective Cohort Study
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World J Gastroenterol. Jan 7, 2025; 31(1): 100750
Published online Jan 7, 2025. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v31.i1.100750
Laparoscopic liver resection utilizing the ventral avascular area of the inferior vena cava: A retrospective cohort study
Kun Huang, Zhu Chen, Heng Xiao, Hai-Yang Hu, Xing-Yu Chen, Cheng-You Du, Xiang Lan
Kun Huang, Zhu Chen, Heng Xiao, Hai-Yang Hu, Xing-Yu Chen, Cheng-You Du, Xiang Lan, Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400000, China
Kun Huang, Department of General Surgery, Mianyang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Mianyang 621000, Sichuan Province, China
Co-first authors: Kun Huang and Zhu Chen.
Co-corresponding authors: Cheng-You Du and Xiang Lan.
Author contributions: Huang K and Chen Z designed the study, collected data, drafted manuscript, and contributed equally as co-first author; Xiao H, Hu HY, and Chen XY analyzed data; Du CY and Lan X supervised the study, revised the manuscript, and contributed equally as co-corresponding authors; and all authors have reviewed and approved the final manuscript.
Supported by the General Project of the Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing, No. cstc2021jcyj-msxmX0604.
Institutional review board statement: This study was approved by the ethical review board of the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University (No. K2023-550).
Informed consent statement: Patients were not required to provide informed consent for this study because the analysis used anonymous clinical data that were obtained after patient had agreed to treatment with written consent.
Conflict-of-interest statement: All the authors report no relevant conflicts of interest for this article.
Data sharing statement: The data to support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon request.
STROBE statement: The authors have read the STROBE Statement-checklist of items, and the manuscript was prepared and revised according to the STROBE Statement-checklist of items.
Open-Access: This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: https://creativecommons.org/Licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Corresponding author: Xiang Lan, MD, Professor, Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 1 Youyi Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing 400000, China. lanxiangkeyan@163.com
Received: August 26, 2024
Revised: October 28, 2024
Accepted: November 18, 2024
Published online: January 7, 2025
Processing time: 106 Days and 3.8 Hours
Abstract
BACKGROUND

Laparoscopic liver resection (LLR) can be challenging due to the difficulty of establishing a retrohepatic tunnel under laparoscopy. Dissecting the third hepatic hilum before parenchymal transection often leads to significant liver mobilization, tumor compression, and bleeding from the short hepatic veins (SHVs). This study introduces a novel technique utilizing the ventral avascular area of the inferior vena cava (IVC), allowing SHVs to be addressed after parenchymal transection, thereby reducing surgical complexity and improving outcomes in in situ LLR.

AIM

To introduce and evaluate a novel LLR technique using the ventral avascular area of the IVC and compare its short-term outcomes with conventional methods.

METHODS

The clinical cohort data of patients with pathologically confirmed hepatocellular carcinoma or intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma who underwent conventional LLR and novel LLR between July 2021 and July 2023 at the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University were retrospectively analyzed. In novel LLR, we initially separated the caudate lobe from the IVC using dissecting forceps along the ventral avascular area of the IVC. Then, we transected the parenchyma of the left and right caudate lobes from the caudal side to the cephalic side using the avascular area as a marker. Subsequently, we addressed the SHVs and finally dissected the root of the right hepatic vein or left hepatic vein. The short-term postoperative outcomes and oncological results of the two approaches were evaluated and compared.

RESULTS

A total of 256 patients were included, with 150 (58.59%) undergoing conventional LLR and 106 (41.41%) undergoing novel LLR. The novel technique resulted in significantly larger tumor resections (6.47 ± 2.96 cm vs 4.01 ± 2.33 cm, P < 0.001), shorter operative times (199.57 ± 60.37 minutes vs 262.33 ± 83.90 minutes, P < 0.001), less intraoperative blood loss (206.92 ± 37.09 mL vs 363.34 ± 131.27 mL, P < 0.001), and greater resection volume (345.11 ± 31.40 mL vs 264.38 ± 31.98 mL, P < 0.001) compared to conventional LLR.

CONCLUSION

This novel technique enhances liver resection outcomes by reducing intraoperative complications such as bleeding and tumor compression. It facilitates a safer, in situ removal of complex liver tumors, even in challenging anatomical locations. Compared to conventional methods, this technique offers significant advantages, including reduced operative time, blood loss, and improved overall surgical efficiency.

Keywords: Laparoscopic liver resection; Inferior vena cava; Retrohepatic tunnel; Short hepatic veins; Complex liver tumors; Intraoperative bleeding control

Core Tip: This study introduces a novel laparoscopic liver resection technique utilizing the ventral avascular area of the inferior vena cava. By addressing the short hepatic veins after parenchymal transection, the technique reduces liver mobilization, tumor compression, and bleeding. Compared to conventional laparoscopic liver resection, this approach significantly decreases operative time, intraoperative blood loss, and hospital stay, while enabling safer resection of larger tumors. The method provides a valuable advancement in complex liver tumor surgeries, particularly for tumors near the inferior vena cava and third hepatic hilum.