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©The Author(s) 2021. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.
Transmembrane serine protease 2 and angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 anti-inflammatory receptors for COVID-19/inflammatory bowel diseases treatment
Naser-Aldin Lashgari, Nazanin Momeni Roudsari, Saeideh Momtaz, Amir Hossein Abdolghaffari
Naser-Aldin Lashgari, Nazanin Momeni Roudsari, Amir Hossein Abdolghaffari, Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran 1941933111, Iran
Saeideh Momtaz, Amir Hossein Abdolghaffari, Medicinal Plants Research Center, Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR, Karaj 141554364, Iran
Saeideh Momtaz, Amir Hossein Abdolghaffari, Toxicology and Diseases Group (TDG), Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center (PSRC), The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1941933111, Iran
Saeideh Momtaz, Amir Hossein Abdolghaffari, Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1941933111, Iran
Saeideh Momtaz, Amir Hossein Abdolghaffari, Gastrointestinal Pharmacology Interest Group (GPIG), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran 1941933111, Iran
Author contributions: Lashgari NA, Roudsari NM, and Momtaz S collected and/or interpreted the data and wrote the manuscript; Abdolghaffari AH and Momtaz S provided the study material, conceived, designed, and finally approved the manuscript; all authors have read and approved the manuscript.
Conflict-of-interest statement: The authors have no conflicts of interest to disclose.
Open-Access: This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See:
https://creativecommons.org/Licenses/by-nc/4.0/ Corresponding author: Amir Hossein Abdolghaffari, PhD, Assistant Professor, Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, No. 99 Yakhchal, Gholhak, Shariati St., Tehran 1941933111, Iran. amirhosein172@hotmail.com
Received: March 16, 2021
Peer-review started: March 16, 2021
First decision: May 1, 2021
Revised: May 12, 2021
Accepted: November 28, 2021
Article in press: November 28, 2021
Published online: December 14, 2021
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) refer to a subgroup of chronic, progressive, long-term, and relapsing inflammatory disorders. IBD may spontaneously grow in the colon, and in severe cases may result in tumor lesions such as invasive carcinoma in inflamed regions of the intestine. Recent epidemiological reports indicate that old age and underlying diseases such as IBD contribute to severity and mortality in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Currently, the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic caused serious morbidity and mortality worldwide. It has also been shown that the transmembrane serine protease 2 is an essential factor for viral activation and viral engulfment. Generally, viral entry causes a 'cytokine storm' that induces excessive generation of proinflammatory cytokines/chemokines including interleukin (IL)-6, IL-2, IL-7, tumor necrosis factor-α, and interferon-γ. Future research could concentrate on developing inflammatory immunological responses that are efficient to encounter COVID-19. Current analysis elucidates the role of inflammation and immune responses during IBD infection with COVID-19 and provides a list of possible targets for IBD-regulated therapies in particular. Data from clinical, in vitro, and in vivo studies were collected in English from PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, and the Cochrane library until May 2021.
Core Tip: This article provides clinical evidence on synthetic or natural-based transmembrane serine protease 2 (TMPRSS2) and angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) inhibitors, which are able to reduce coronavirus disease 2019-induced inflammation and cytokine storms in inflammatory bowel disease patients. Hence, targeting TMPRSS2 and ACE2 could be noticed as a novel approach for inflammatory bowel diseases treatment.
