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World J Gastroenterol. Mar 28, 2021; 27(12): 1132-1148
Published online Mar 28, 2021. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v27.i12.1132
Primary localized gastric amyloidosis: A scoping review of the literature from clinical presentations to prognosis
Xin-Yu Lin, Dan Pan, Li-Xuan Sang, Bing Chang
Xin-Yu Lin, Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, Liaoning Province, China
Dan Pan, Li-Xuan Sang, Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, Liaoning Province, China
Bing Chang, Department of Gastroenterology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, Liaoning Province, China
Author contributions: Lin XY collected the information from the literature and wrote the paper; Pan D and Chang B collected the information from the literature; Sang LX edited and corrected the manuscript.
Conflict-of-interest statement: The authors declare no conflict of interest.
Open-Access: This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/Licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Corresponding author: Li-Xuan Sang, PhD, Associate Professor, Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, No. 155 Nanjing North Street, Shenyang 110001, Liaoning Province, China. sanglixuan2008@163.com
Received: November 29, 2020
Peer-review started: November 29, 2020
First decision: December 31, 2020
Revised: January 10, 2021
Accepted: February 24, 2021
Article in press: February 24, 2021
Published online: March 28, 2021
Abstract

Localized gastric amyloidosis (LGA) is a rare disease characterized by abnormal extracellular deposition of amyloid protein restricted to the stomach and it is confirmed by positive results of Congo red staining. Over decades, only a few cases have been reported and studies or research focusing on it are few. Although LGA has a low incidence, patients may suffer a lot from it and require proper diagnosis and management. However, the pathology of LGA remains unknown and no overall review of LGA from its presentations to its prognosis has been published. Patients with LGA are often asymptomatic or manifest atypical symptoms, making it difficult to differentiate from other gastrointestinal diseases. Here, we report the case of a 70-year-old woman with LGA and provide an overview of case reports of LGA available to us. Based on that, we conclude current concepts of clinical manifestations, diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of LGA, aiming at providing a detailed diagnostic procedure for clinicians and promoting the guidelines of LGA. In addition, a few advanced technologies applied in amyloidosis are also discussed in this review, aiming at providing clinicians with a reference of diagnostic process. With this review, we hope to raise awareness of LGA among the public and clinicians.

Keywords: Gastroscopy, Changes of gastric mucosa, Primary localized gastric amyloidosis, Clinical presentations, Prognosis

Core Tip: Localized gastric amyloidosis (LGA) is rare. Few case reports are available to the public. It is often misdiagnosed as other gastrointestinal diseases due to its atypical manifestation. However, no systemic reviews or guidelines of LGA is published now. Therefore, we present a detailed overview from its clinical manifestations to prognosis for the first time. Based on that, a clinical diagnostic procedure is provided and may benefit clinicians who manage LGA.