Published online Sep 21, 2019. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v25.i35.5323
Peer-review started: May 30, 2019
First decision: July 21, 2019
Revised: July 30, 2019
Accepted: August 24, 2019
Article in press: July 21, 2019
Published online: September 21, 2019
Processing time: 116 Days and 4.6 Hours
The Baveno VI criteria for predicting esophageal varices, i.e., liver stiffness measurement (LSM) < 20 kPa and platelet (PLT) count > 150 × 109/L, identify patients who can safely avoid gastroscopy screening. However, they require further refinement.
To evaluate the utility of LSM and serum markers of liver fibrosis in ruling out high-risk varices (HRV) in patients who do not meet Baveno VI criteria.
Data from 132 patients with hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related compensated liver cirrhosis who did not meet the Baveno VI criteria were retrospectively reviewed. MedCalc 15.8 was used to calculate receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, and the accuracy of LSM, PLT count, aspartate aminotransferase (AST)-to-PLT ratio index, Fibrosis-4, and the Lok index in predicting HRV were evaluated according to the area under each ROC curve (AUROC). The utility of LSM, PLT, and serum markers of liver fibrosis stratified by alanine transaminase (ALT) and total bilirubin (TBil) levels was evaluated for ruling out HRV.
In all patients who did not meet the Baveno VI criteria, the independent risk factors for HRV were LSM and ALT. Only the AUROC of Lok index was above 0.7 for predicting HRV, and at a cutoff value of 0.4531 it could further spare 24.2% of gastroscopies without missing HRVs. The prevalence of HRV was significantly lower in patients with ALT or TBil ≥ 2 upper limit of normal (ULN) (14.3%) than in patients with both ALT and TBil < 2 ULN (34.1%) (P = 0.018). In the 41 patients with ALT and TBil < 2 ULN, LSM had an AUROC for predicting HRV of 0.821. LSM < 20.6 kPa spared 39.0% of gastroscopies without missing HRVs. In the 91 patients with ALT or TBiL ≥ 2 ULN, the Lok index and PLT had AUROCs of 0.814 and 0.741, respectively. Lok index ≤ 0.5596 or PLT > 100 × 109/L further spared 39.6% and 43.9% of gastroscopies, respectively, without missing HRVs.
In HBV-related compensated cirrhosis patients who do not meet Baveno VI criteria, the LSM, PLT, or Lok index cutoff stratified by ALT and TBil accurately identifies more patients without HRV.
Core tip: In patients with hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related compensated cirrhosis who did not meet the Baveno VI criteria, the prevalence of high-risk varices among patients with alanine transaminase (ALT) or total bilirubin (TBil) ≥ 2 upper limit of normal (ULN) was significantly lower compared to patients with ALT and TBil < 2 ULN. In the 41 patients with ALT and TBil < 2 ULN, liver stiffness measurement (LSM) < 20.6 kPa spared 39.0% of gastroscopies without missing high-risk varices (HRVs). In the 91 patients with ALT or TBiL ≥ 2 ULN, Lok index ≤ 0.5596 or platelet (PLT) > 100 × 109/L further spared 39.6% and 43.9% of gastroscopies, respectively, without missing HRVs.