Observational Study
Copyright ©The Author(s) 2019. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.
World J Gastroenterol. May 7, 2019; 25(17): 2122-2132
Published online May 7, 2019. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v25.i17.2122
Transitions of care across hospital settings in patients with inflammatory bowel disease
Leigh R Warren, Jonathan M Clarke, Sonal Arora, Mauricio Barahona, Naila Arebi, Ara Darzi
Leigh R Warren, Sonal Arora, Ara Darzi, Patient Safety Translational Research Centre, Imperial College London, London W2 1NY, United Kingdom
Leigh R Warren, Jonathan M Clarke, Sonal Arora, Ara Darzi, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London W2 1NY, United Kingdom
Jonathan M Clarke, Mauricio Barahona, Centre for Health Policy, Imperial College London Centre for Mathematics of Precision Healthcare, Imperial College London, London SW7 2BX, United Kingdom
Jonathan M Clarke, Department of Biostatistics, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, United States
Mauricio Barahona, Department of Mathematics, Imperial College London, London SW7 2BX, United Kingdom
Naila Arebi, Department of Gastroenterology, St. Marks Academic Institute, Harrow HA1 3UJ, United Kingdom
Author contributions: Warren LR, Clarke JM, Arora S, Arebi N and Darzi A contributed to study conception and design; Warren LR, Clarke JM, contributed to data acquisition and writing of article; Warren LR, Clarke JM, and Barahona M contributed to data analysis and interpretation; Barahona M contributed to editing of article; Arora S, Arebi N, Darzi A and Barahona M contributed to review and final approval of article.
Supported by grants fromthe National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Imperial Patient Safety and Translational Research Centre (PSTRC) and the Peter Sowerby Foundation. Infrastructure support for this research was provided by the NHIR Imperial Biomedical Research Centre (BRC). MB acknowledges support from EPSRC [grant number EP/N014529/1] supporting the EPSRC Centre for Mathematics of Precision Healthcare. The views expressed in this publication are those of the author(s) and not necessarily those of the NHS, the National Institute for Health Research or the Department of Health.
Institutional review board statement: This study received local ethical approval through the Imperial College Research Ethics Committee [17IC4178].
Informed consent statement: This study used administrative data that was not identifiable. Informed consent was not applicable.
Conflict-of-interest statement: There are no financial conflicts of interest declared by the authors.
Data sharing statement: HES data are available on application to the NHS Digital (https://digital.nhs.uk).
STROBE statement: This study followed the guidelines of the STROBE statement.
Open-Access: This article is an open-access article which was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Corresponding author: Leigh R Warren, MBBS, Clinical Research Fellow, Surgeon, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, St. Mary’s Campus, Norfolk Place, London W2 1NY, United Kingdom. leigh.warren@imperial.ac.uk
Telephone: +44-2075895111 Fax: +44-2033126309
Received: January 17, 2019
Peer-review started: January 18, 2019
First decision: January 30, 2019
Revised: February 5, 2019
Accepted: February 22, 2019
Article in press: February 23, 2019
Published online: May 7, 2019
Processing time: 109 Days and 4.9 Hours
Abstract
BACKGROUND

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic, inflammatory disorder characterised by both intestinal and extra-intestinal pathology. Patients may receive both emergency and elective care from several providers, often in different hospital settings. Poorly managed transitions of care between providers can lead to inefficiencies in care and patient safety issues. To ensure that the sharing of patient information between providers is appropriate, timely, accurate and secure, effective data-sharing infrastructure needs to be developed. To optimise inter-hospital data-sharing for IBD patients, we need to better understand patterns of hospital encounters in this group.

AIM

To determine the type and location of hospital services accessed by IBD patients in England.

METHODS

This was a retrospective observational study using Hospital Episode Statistics, a large administrative patient data set from the National Health Service in England. Adult patients with a diagnosis of IBD following admission to hospital were followed over a 2-year period to determine the proportion of care accessed at the same hospital providing their outpatient IBD care, defined as their ‘home provider’. Secondary outcome measures included the geographic distribution of patient-sharing, regional and age-related differences in accessing services, and type and frequency of outpatient encounters.

RESULTS

95055 patients accessed hospital services on 1760156 occasions over a 2-year follow-up period. The proportion of these encounters with their identified IBD ‘home provider’ was 73.3%, 87.8% and 83.1% for accident and emergency, inpatient and outpatient encounters respectively. Patients living in metropolitan centres and younger patients were less likely to attend their ‘home provider’ for hospital services. The most commonly attended specialty services were gastroenterology, general surgery and ophthalmology.

CONCLUSION

Transitions of care between secondary care settings are common for patients with IBD. Effective systems of data-sharing and care integration are essential to providing safe and effective care for patients. Geographic and age-related patterns of care transitions identified in this study may be used to guide interventions aimed at improving continuity of care.

Keywords: Inflammatory bowel disease; Crohn’s disease; Ulcerative colitis; Transitions of care; Continuity of care; Fragmentation; Multi-morbidity

Core tip: Patients with Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are often exposed to transitions of care between providers and settings which negatively impacts care continuity. This is the first paper to identify and measure the location and type of hospital encounters for IBD patients in England at a National level. Patterns of care identified in this study are important to guide the exchange of health information between providers to ensure safe, high quality care for patients with IBD.