Published online Aug 14, 2017. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v23.i30.5557
Peer-review started: May 19, 2017
First decision: June 8, 2017
Revised: June 26, 2017
Accepted: July 12, 2017
Article in press: July 12, 2017
Published online: August 14, 2017
Processing time: 89 Days and 1.9 Hours
To investigated the relationship between postoperative bleeding following gastric endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) and individual antithrombotic agents.
A total of 2488 gastric neoplasms in 2148 consecutive patients treated between May 2001 and June 2016 were studied. The antithrombotic agents were categorized into antiplatelet agents, anticoagulants, and other antithrombotic agents, and we included combination therapies [e.g., dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT)]. The risk factors associated with post-ESD bleeding, namely, antithrombotic agents overall, individual antithrombotic agents, withdrawal or continuation of antithrombotic agents, and bleeding onset period (during the first six days or thereafter), were analyzed using univariate and multivariate analyses.
The en bloc resection and complete curative resection rates were 99.2% and 91.9%, respectively. Postoperative bleeding occurred in 5.1% cases. Bleeding occurred in 10.3% of the patients administered antithrombotic agents. Being male (P = 0.007), specimen size (P < 0.001), and antithrombotic agent used (P < 0.001) were independent risk factors for postoperative bleeding. Heparin bridging therapy (HBT) (P = 0.002) and DAPT/multidrug combinations (P < 0.001) were independent risk factors associated with postoperative bleeding. The bleeding rate of the antithrombotic agent continuation group was significantly higher than that of the withdrawal group (P < 0.01). Bleeding within postoperative day (POD) 6 was significantly higher in warfarin (P = 0.015), and bleeding after POD 7 was significantly higher in DAPT/multidrug combinations (P = 0.007). No thromboembolic events were reported.
We must closely monitor patients administered HBT and DAPT/multidrug combinations after gastric ESD, particularly those administered multidrug combinations after discharge.
Core tip: The major complication of gastric endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) is postoperative bleeding. Previous studies reported the relationship between postoperative bleeding and antithrombotic agents. We aimed to investigate postoperative bleeding following gastric ESD in relation to specific antithrombotic agents. We showed that antithrombotic agents, in particular heparin bridging therapy and dual antiplatelet therapy/multidrug combination, were independent risk factors for delayed bleeding. Furthermore, bleeding in the early period was significantly higher for warfarin, and bleeding in the late period was significantly higher for multidrug combination. We must strictly observe multidrug combination users especially after discharge.