Case Control Study
Copyright ©The Author(s) 2017. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.
World J Gastroenterol. Jan 7, 2017; 23(1): 103-109
Published online Jan 7, 2017. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v23.i1.103
High risk of temporomandibular disorder in irritable bowel syndrome: Is there a correlation with greater illness severity?
Serena Gallotta, Vincenzo Bruno, Santo Catapano, Nicola Mobilio, Carolina Ciacci, Paola Iovino
Serena Gallotta, Carolina Ciacci, Paola Iovino, Functional GI Disorders Center at Gastrointestinal Unit, AOU S. Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi d’Aragona, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, 84084 Salerno, Italy
Vincenzo Bruno, Santo Catapano, Nicola Mobilio, Dental School, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
Author contributions: Gallotta S, Bruno V, Catapano S, Mobilio N, Ciacci C and Iovino P designed the study and interpreted the data; Gallotta S, Bruno V, Ciacci C and Iovino P participated in the acquisition of the data; Gallotta S drafted the initial manuscript; Bruno V, Catapano S, Mobilio N, Ciacci C and Iovino P revised the article critically for important intellectual content.
Institutional review board statement: The study was reviewed and approved by the S. Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi D’aragona Ethical Committee of Salerno.
Informed consent statement: All study participants, or their legal guardian, provided informed written consent prior to study enrolment.
Conflict-of-interest statement: There are no conflicts of interest to report.
Data sharing statement: No additional data are available.
Open-Access: This article is an open-access article which was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Correspondence to: Paola Iovino, Professore Associato, Functional GI Disorders Center at Gastrointestinal Unit, AOU S. Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi d’Aragona, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, Via S Allende, Baronissi, 84084 Salerno, Italy. piovino@unisa.it
Telephone: +39-89-965030 Fax: +39-81-19335031
Received: September 21, 2016
Peer-review started: September 22, 2016
First decision: October 28, 2016
Revised: November 12, 2016
Accepted: December 8, 2016
Article in press: December 8, 2016
Published online: January 7, 2017
Processing time: 105 Days and 17.6 Hours
Abstract
AIM

To investigate the prevalence and the risk of temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) in patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) (including each subtype: constipation, diarrhoea, and mixed) compared to the general population.

METHODS

Between January 2014 and December 2015 we enrolled consecutively adult patients diagnosed with IBS at the outpatient clinic of the University of Salerno and healthy controls (HC) without IBS. At enrollment, we analyzed all patients for the presence of TMDs according to the Research Diagnostic Criteria for TMD.

RESULTS

We enrolled 91 IBS patients (23 IBS-D, 30 IBS-C and 38 IBS-M) and 57 HC in the study. We found a higher risk of having TMD (OR = 3.41, 95%CI: 1.66-7.01) compared to the HC. The risk of having TMD was independent of IBS-subtype. Multiple regression analysis showed that facial pain was positively related to abdominal pain and higher level of depression.

CONCLUSION

IBS patients had a more than three times greater risk of TMD compared to HC. The risk of having TMD was similar in different IBS subtypes. IBS patients that also fulfilled criteria for TMD seem to share along with chronic facial and abdominal pain a significant co-occurrence with psychiatric disorders and female preponderance.

Keywords: Temporomandibular disorders; Irritable bowel syndrome; Chronic pain; Facial pain; Abdominal pain; Irritable bowel syndrome severity score symptoms; Irritable bowel syndrome predominant diarrhea; Irritable bowel syndrome predominant constipation; Irritable bowel syndrome mixed

Core tip: Temporomandibular disorders (TMD) seem to occur more frequently in patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). In this study we analyzed all patients for the presence of TMD according to the Research Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders. Based on our results, IBS patients had a more than three times greater risk of TMD compared to healthy controls. The risk of having TMD was similar in different IBS subtypes. IBS patients that also fulfilled criteria for TMD seem to share along with chronic facial and abdominal pain a significant co-occurrence with psychiatric disorders and female preponderance.