Published online Aug 7, 2016. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v22.i29.6683
Peer-review started: March 9, 2016
First decision: April 14, 2016
Revised: April 29, 2016
Accepted: June 2, 2016
Article in press: June 2, 2016
Published online: August 7, 2016
Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is known for its rapid progression and poor outcomes. China has the highest incidence and mortality in the world. Diagnoses made at early stages and accurate staging are associated with better outcomes, all of which can play a significant role in the selection of treatment protocols. ESCC is staged according to the widely accepted TNM system. Common imaging modalities used in staging ESCC before treatment include endoscopy, computed tomography (CT), positron emission tomography (PET) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Endoscopic ultrasound is useful for staging tumor depth and nodal status. Narrow band imaging is valuable for early stage disease assessment. CT and PET provide additional valuable information regarding node and metastasis staging. The ability of MRI to delineate ESCC is continuously being improved and adds information regarding locoregional status to routine examinations.
Core tip: Esophageal cancer is an aggressive malignant disease, as well as a growing health concern, with regard to mortality and prognosis. Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma is the prevailing histological type of esophageal cancer, with a high incidence in China. Staging of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma is based on the TNM system. Current imaging modalities include endoscopy, computed tomography, positron emission tomography and magnetic resonance imaging.