Published online Aug 28, 2015. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v21.i32.9623
Peer-review started: February 11, 2015
First decision: March 26, 2015
Revised: April 20, 2015
Accepted: June 9, 2015
Article in press: June 10, 2015
Published online: August 28, 2015
Processing time: 198 Days and 16.6 Hours
AIM: To describe a method for the transjugular intrahepatic portal systemic shunt (TIPS) placement performed with the aid of contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CECT) and three-dimensional reconstructed vascular images (3D RVIs), and to assess its safety and effectiveness.
METHODS: Four hundred and ninety patients were treated with TIPS between January 2005 and December 2012. All patients underwent liver CECT and reconstruction of 3D RVIs of the right hepatic vein to portal vein (PV) prior to the operation. The 3D RVIs were carefully reviewed to plan the puncture path from the start to target points for needle pass through the PV in the TIPS procedure.
RESULTS: The improved TIPS procedure was successful in 483 (98.6%) of the 490 patients. The number of punctures attempted was one in 294 (60%) patients, 2 to 3 in 147 (30%) patients, 4 to 6 in 25 (5.1%) patients and more than 6 in 17 (3.5%) patients. Seven patients failed. Of the 490 patients, 12 had punctures into the artery, 15 into the bile duct, eight into the gallbladder, and 18 through the liver capsule. Analysis of the portograms from the 483 successful cases indicated that the puncture points were all located distally to the PV bifurcation on anteroposterior images, while the points were located proximally to the bifurcation in the three cases with intraabdominal bleeding. The complications included three cases of bleeding, of whom one died and two needed surgery.
CONCLUSION: Use of CECT and 3D RVIs to plan the puncture path for TIPS procedure is safe, simple and effective for clinical use.
Core tip: Precise planning of puncture path is crucial for safe and effective transjugular intrahepatic portal systemic shunt (TIPS) placement. We have developed and applied an approach that combines contrast-enhanced computed tomography and reconstruction of hepatic vascular system in TIPS placement. Our retrospective study with 490 patients over a period of seven years shows that the improved TIPS procedure was successful in 98.6% of the patients, indicating that this method is safe, simple and effective for clinical use.