Brief Article
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World J Gastroenterol. Dec 7, 2013; 19(45): 8382-8390
Published online Dec 7, 2013. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v19.i45.8382
Primary adenosquamous carcinoma of the esophagus
Shao-Bin Chen, Hong-Rui Weng, Geng Wang, Jie-Sheng Yang, Wei-Ping Yang, Di-Tian Liu, Yu-Ping Chen, Hao Zhang
Shao-Bin Chen, Hong-Rui Weng, Geng Wang, Jie-Sheng Yang, Wei-Ping Yang, Di-Tian Liu, Yu-Ping Chen, Department of Thoracic Surgery, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515031, Guangdong Province, China
Hao Zhang, Department of Integrative Oncology, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515031, Guangdong Province, China
Hao Zhang, Cancer Research Centre, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515031, Guangdong Province, China
Author contributions: Chen YP designed the research; Chen SB analyzed the data and wrote the paper; Chen SB, Weng HR, Wang G, Yang JS, Yang WP, Liu DT and Zhang H performed the research.
Correspondence to: Yu-Ping Chen, MD, Professor, Department of Thoracic Surgery, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, 7 Raoping Road, Shantou 515031, Guangdong Province, China. stchenyp@hotmail.com
Telephone: +86-754-88555844 Fax: +86-754-88560352
Received: August 1, 2013
Revised: September 22, 2013
Accepted: October 19, 2013
Published online: December 7, 2013
Abstract

AIM: To investigate the clinical characteristics, diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of primary adenosquamous carcinoma (ASC) of the esophagus.

METHODS: A total of 4015 patients with esophageal carcinoma underwent surgical resection between January 1995 and June 2012 at the Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College. In 37 cases, the histological diagnosis was primary ASC. Clinical data were retrospectively analyzed from these 37 patients, who underwent transthoracic esophagectomy with lymphadenectomy. The χ2 or Fisher’s exact test was used to compare the clinicopathological features between patients with ASC and those with squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). The Kaplan-Meier and Log-Rank methods were used to estimate and compare survival rates. A Cox proportional hazard regression model was used to identify independent prognostic factors.

RESULTS: Primary esophageal ASC accounted for 0.92% of all primary esophageal carcinoma cases (37/4015). The clinical manifestations were identical to those of other types of esophageal cancer. All of the 24 patients who underwent preoperative endoscopic biopsy were misdiagnosed with SCC. The median survival time (MST) was 21.0 mo (95%CI: 12.6-29.4), and the 1-, 3-, and 5-year overall survival rates were 67.5%, 29.4%, and 22.9%, respectively. In multivariate analysis, only adjuvant radiotherapy (HR = 0.317, 95%CI: 0.114-0.885, P = 0.028) was found to be an independent prognostic factor. The MST for ASC patients was significantly lower than that for SCC patients [21.0 mo (95%CI: 12.6-29.4) vs 46.0 mo (95%CI: 40.8-51.2), P = 0.001]. In subgroup analyses, the MST for ASC patients was similar to that for poorly differentiated SCC patients.

CONCLUSION: Primary esophageal ASC is a rare disease that is prone to be misdiagnosed by endoscopic biopsy. The prognosis is poorer than esophageal SCC but similar to that for poorly differentiated SCC patients.

Keywords: Adenosquamous carcinoma, Diagnosis, Esophagus, Prognosis, Treatment

Core tip: Primary adenosquamous carcinoma (ASC) of the esophagus is an uncommon malignant esophageal neoplasm containing coexisting elements of infiltrating squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma. The biological behavior and response to therapies of this disease have not been well studied. In the current study, we reported the largest ever single-center patient cohort undergoing surgical resection for primary esophageal ASC, and we investigated the clinical characteristics, diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis in these patients. These data will give us a better understanding of this disease and help select the proper strategy for therapy.