Published online Nov 28, 2013. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v19.i44.8071
Revised: September 28, 2013
Accepted: October 19, 2013
Published online: November 28, 2013
Processing time: 159 Days and 5.1 Hours
AIM: To evaluate the therapeutic effect of Shugan-decoction (SGD) on visceral hyperalgesia and colon gene expressions using a rat model.
METHODS: Ninety-six adult male Wistar rats were randomized into six equal groups for assessment of SGD effects on psychological stress-induced changes using the classic water avoidance stress (WAS) test. Untreated model rats were exposed to chronic (1 h/d for 10 d consecutive) WAS conditions; experimental treatment model rats were administered with intragastric SGD at 1 h before WAS on consecutive days 4-10 (low-dose: 0.1 g/mL; mid-dose: 0.2 g/mL; high-dose: 0.4 g/mL); control treatment model rats were similarly administered with the irritable bowel syndrome drug, dicetel (0.0042 g/mL); untreated normal control rats received no drug and were not subjected to the WAS test. At the end of the 10-d WAS testing period, a semi-quantitative measurement of visceral sensitivity was made by assessing the abdominal withdrawal reflex (AWR) to colorectal balloon-induced distension (at 5 mmHg increments) to determine the pain pressure threshold (PPT, evidenced by pain behavior). Subsequently, the animals were sacrificed and colonic tissues collected for assessment of changes in expressions of proteins related to visceral hypersensitivity (transient receptor potential vanilloid 1, TRPV1) and sustained visceral hyperalgesia (substance P, SP) by immunohistochemistry and real-time polymerase chain reaction. Inter-group differences were assessed by paired t test or repeated measures analysis of variance.
RESULTS: The WAS test successfully induced visceral hypersensitivity, as evidenced by a significantly reduced AWR pressure in the untreated model group as compared to the untreated normal control group (190.4 ± 3.48 mmHg vs 224.0 ± 4.99 mmHg, P < 0.001). SGD treatments at mid-dose and high-dose and the dicetel treatment significantly increased the WAS-reduced PPT (212.5 ± 2.54, 216.5 ± 3.50 and 217.7 ± 2.83 mmHg respectively, all P < 0.001); however, the low-dose SGD treatment produced no significant effect on the WAS-reduced PPT (198.3 ± 1.78 mmHg, P > 0.05). These trends corresponded to the differential expressions observed for both TRPV1 protein (mid-dose: 1.64 ± 0.08 and high-dose: 1.69 ± 0.12 vs untreated model: 3.65 ± 0.32, P < 0.001) and mRNA (0.44 ± 0.16 and 0.15 ± 0.03 vs 1.39 ± 0.15, P < 0.001) and SP protein (0.99 ± 0.20 and 1.03 ± 0.23 vs 2.03 ± 0.12, P < 0.01) and mRNA (1.64 ± 0.19 and 1.32 ± 0.14 vs 2.60 ± 0.33, P < 0.05). These differential expressions of TRPV1 and SP related to mid- and high-dose SGD treatments were statistically similar to the changes induced by dicetel treatment. No signs of overt damage to the rat system were observed for any of the SGD dosages.
CONCLUSION: Shugan-decoction can reduce chronic stress-induced visceral hypersensitivity in rats, and the regulatory mechanism may involve mediating the expressions of TRPV1 and SP in colon tissues.
Core tip: The classical rat model of chronic stress induction via water avoidance stress (WAS) test was used to investigate the therapeutic effect of the Shugan-decoction (SGD) on visceral hypersensitivity of the gastrointestinal tract and its underlying molecular mechanisms. The study design reflected the therapeutic potential of SGD for treating the stress-related gut aspects of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) in humans. Mid- and high-dose SGD treatments significantly increased the WAS-reduced pressure thresholds, similarly to those induced by the IBS drug dicetel. The SGD treatments also restored WAS-related changes in transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 and substance P expression in the colon.