Review
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World J Gastroenterol. Nov 14, 2013; 19(42): 7341-7360
Published online Nov 14, 2013. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v19.i42.7341
Physiological and molecular biochemical mechanisms of bile formation
Vasiliy Ivanovich Reshetnyak
Vasiliy Ivanovich Reshetnyak, V.A. Negovsky Scientific Research Institute of General Reanimatology, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, 107031 Moscow, Russia
Author contributions: Reshetnyak VI solely contributed this article.
Correspondence to: Vasiliy Ivanovich Reshetnyak, MD, PhD, DSc, Professor, V.A. Negovsky Scientific Research Institute of General Reanimatology, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Petrovka str. 25-2, 107031 Moscow, Russia. v_reshetnyak@yahoo.com
Telephone: +7-495-6946505 Fax: +7-495-6946505
Received: June 28, 2013
Revised: September 27, 2013
Accepted: September 29, 2013
Published online: November 14, 2013
Abstract

This review considers the physiological and molecular biochemical mechanisms of bile formation. The composition of bile and structure of a bile canaliculus, biosynthesis and conjugation of bile acids, bile phospholipids, formation of bile micellar structures, and enterohepatic circulation of bile acids are described. In general, the review focuses on the molecular physiology of the transporting systems of the hepatocyte sinusoidal and apical membranes. Knowledge of physiological and biochemical basis of bile formation has implications for understanding the mechanisms of development of pathological processes, associated with diseases of the liver and biliary tract.

Keywords: Bile acids, Bile phospholipids, Bile micelle structures, Bile salt transporters

Core tip: Over the past 50 years, significant progress has been made in understanding the mechanisms of bile formation and secretion. This became possible due to the advances of fundamental investigations in cell biology, molecular biology, genetics and biochemistry. Knowledge of physiological and biochemical basis of bile formation has implications for understanding the mechanisms of development of pathological processes, associated with diseases of the liver and biliary tract.