Brief Article
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World J Gastroenterol. Aug 28, 2013; 19(32): 5334-5339
Published online Aug 28, 2013. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v19.i32.5334
Prevalence and features of fatty liver detected by physical examination in Guangzhou
Xian-Hua Liao, Xu Cao, Jie Liu, Xiao-Hua Xie, Yan-Hong Sun, Bi-Hui Zhong
Xian-Hua Liao, Bi-Hui Zhong, Department of Gastroenterology, Huangpu Division of the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510700, Guangdong Province, China
Xu Cao, Jie Liu, Physical Examination Center, Huangpu Division of the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510700, Guangdong Province, China
Xiao-Hua Xie, Department of Ultrasonography, Huangpu Division of the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510700, Guangdong Province, China
Yan-Hong Sun, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Huangpu Division of the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510700, Guangdong Province, China
Author contributions: Liao XH and Zhong BH designed the study, performed the data analysis, and wrote the manuscript; Liao XH, Cao X, Liu J, Xie XH and Sun YH performed the research; Cao X, Liu J, Xie XH and Sun YH contributed new reagents and analytical tools.
Supported by The Science and Technology Project of Guangdong Province, China, No. 2010B031600047
Correspondence to: Bi-Hui Zhong, MD, Professor, Department of Gastroenterology, Huangpu Division of the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 183 Huangpu East Road, Guangzhou 510700, Guangdong Province, China. sophiazhong@hotmail.com
Telephone: +86-20-82391421 Fax: +86-20-82394656
Received: February 26, 2013
Revised: July 7, 2013
Accepted: July 17, 2013
Published online: August 28, 2013
Processing time: 182 Days and 0.6 Hours
Abstract

AIM: To investigate the prevalence of fatty liver discovered upon physical examination of Chinese patients and determine the associated clinical characteristics.

METHODS: A total of 3433 consecutive patients who received physical examinations at the Huangpu Division of the First Affiliated Hospital at Sun Yat-sen University in Guangzhou, China from June 2010 to December 2010 were retrospectively enrolled in the study. Results of biochemical tests, abdominal ultrasound, electrocardiography, and chest X-ray were collected. The diagnosis of fatty liver was made if a patient met any two of the three following ultrasonic criteria: (1) liver and kidney echo discrepancy and presence of an increased liver echogenicity (bright); (2) unclear intrahepatic duct structure; and (3) liver far field echo decay.

RESULTS: The study population consisted of 2201 males and 1232 females, with a mean age of 37.4 ± 12.8 years. When all 3433 patients were considered, the overall prevalence of hyperlipidemia was 38.1%, of fatty liver was 26.0%, of increased alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and/or aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels was 11.9%, of gallstone was 11.4%, of hyperglycemia was 7.3%, of hypertension was 7.1%, and of hyperuricemia was 6.2%. Of the 2605 patients who completed the abdominal ultrasonography exam, 677 (26.0%) were diagnosed with fatty liver and the prevalence was higher in males (32.5% vs females: 15.3%, P < 0.001). The overall prevalence of fatty liver increased with age, with the peak prevalence (39.5%) found in the 60 to 70-year-old age group. Among patients between the ages of 18 to 50-year-old, the prevalence of fatty liver was significantly higher in males (20.2% vs females: 8.7%, P < 0.001); the difference in prevalence between the two sexes in patients > 50-year-old did not reach statistical significance. Only 430 of the patients diagnosed with fatty liver had complete information; among those, increased ALT and/or AST levels were detected in only 30%, with all disturbances being mild or moderate. In these 430 patients, the overall prevalence of hypertriglyceridemia was 31.4%, of mixed type hyperlipidemia was 20.9%, of hypercholesterolemia was 12.3%, of hyperglycemia was 17.6%, of hypertension was 16.0%, of hyperuricemia was 15.3%, and of gallstone was 14.4%. Again, the prevalences of hypertriglyceridemia and hyperuricemia were higher in males (hypertriglyceridemia, 36.0% vs females: 12.0%, P < 0.05; hyperuricemia, 17.3% vs females: 7.2%, P < 0.05); in contrast, however, the prevalences of mixed type hyperlipidemia and hypercholesterolemia was higher in females (mixed type hyperlipidemia, 18.7% vs females: 30.1%, P < 0.05, hypercholesterolemia, 9.5% vs females: 24.1%, P < 0.05). Finally, comparison of the fatty liver group to the non-fatty liver group showed that prevalences of hyperlipidemia, hyperglycemia, hypertension, and hyperuricemia were higher in the former (all P < 0.01).

CONCLUSION: A high prevalence of fatty liver is detected upon physical examination in Guangzhou, and the primary associated clinical findings are hyperlipidemia, hyperglycemia, hypertension, and hyperuricemia.

Keywords: Fatty liver; Nonalcoholic; Prevalence; Hyperlipidemia; Hyperglycemia; Hypertension

Core tip: This study represents the first published investigation of fatty liver prevalence detected by routine physical examinations of individuals residing in the Huangpu District of Guangzhou, China. A high prevalence of fatty liver (26.0%) was detected among the total physical examinees and was characterized by an age-related increasing trend, with the highest prevalence (39.5%) found among individuals between 60 and 70-year-old. The individuals diagnosed with fatty liver also showed significantly higher prevalences of hyperlipidemia, hyperglycemia, hypertension, and hyperuricemia than their non-fatty liver counterparts (all P < 0.01), suggesting a close association between fatty liver and dysmetabolic factors.