Brief Article
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World J Gastroenterol. Jan 14, 2011; 17(2): 254-259
Published online Jan 14, 2011. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v17.i2.254
Effects of penehyclidine hydrochloride in small intestinal damage caused by limb ischemia-reperfusion
Yan Zhang, Yu-Fang Leng, Xing Xue, Yue Zhang, Tao Wang, Yu-Qing Kang
Yan Zhang, Yu-Fang Leng, Xing Xue, Yue Zhang, Tao Wang, Yu-Qing Kang, Department of Anesthesiology, First Hospital, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China
Author contributions: Leng YF contributed to the conception and design of the study and edited the manuscript; Zhang Y carried out experiment and wrote the manuscript; Xue X, Zhang Y, Wang T and Kang YQ conducted the experiment.
Supported by Lanzhou City Development Plan of Science and Technology, No. 2009-1-52
Correspondence to: Yu-Fang Leng, Professor, Department of Anesthesiology, First Hospital, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China. lengyf@lzu.edu.cn
Telephone: +86-931-8625200 Fax: +86-931-8619797
Received: August 20, 2010
Revised: September 26, 2010
Accepted: October 3, 2010
Published online: January 14, 2011
Abstract

AIM: To investigate the protective effect of penehyclidine hydrochloride post-conditioning in the damage to the barrier function of the small intestinal mucosa caused by limb ischemia-reperfusion (LIR) injury.

METHODS: Male Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups (36 rats each): the sham-operation group (group S), lower limb ischemia-reperfusion group (group LIR), and penehyclidine hydrochloride post-conditioning group (group PHC). Each group was divided into subgroups (n = 6 in each group) according to ischemic-reperfusion time, i.e. immediately 0 h (T1), 1 h (T2), 3 h (T3), 6 h (T4), 12 h (T5), and 24 h (T6). Bilateral hind-limb ischemia was induced by rubber band application proximal to the level of the greater trochanter for 3 h. In group PHC, 0.15 mg/kg of penehyclidine hydrochloride was injected into the tail vein immediately after 3 h of bilateral hind-limb ischemia. The designated rats were sacrificed at different time-points of reperfusion; diamine oxidase (DAO), superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, myeloperoxidase (MPO) of small intestinal tissue, plasma endotoxin, DAO, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and interleukin (IL)-10 in serum were detected in the rats.

RESULTS: The pathological changes in the small intestine were observed under light microscope. The levels of MPO, endotoxin, serum DAO, and IL-10 at T1-T6, and TNF-α level at T1-T4 increased in groups LIR and PHC (P < 0.05) compared with those in group S, but tissue DAO and SOD activity at T1-T6 decreased (P < 0.05). In group PHC, the tissue DAO and SOD activity at T2-T6, and IL-10 at T2-T5 increased to higher levels than those in group LIR (P < 0.05); however, the levels of MPO, endotoxin, and DAO in the blood at T2-T6, and TNF-α at T2 and T4 decreased (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSION: Penehyclidine hydrochloride post-conditioning may reduce the permeability of the small intestines after LIR. Its protection mechanisms may be related to inhibiting oxygen free radicals and inflammatory cytokines for organ damage.

Keywords: Penehyelidine hydrochloride; Post-conditioning; Limb ischemia-reperfusion injury; Small intestine; Protection