Leen E, Kumar S, Khan SA, Low G, Ong KO, Tait P, Averkiou M. Contrast-enhanced 3D ultrasound in the radiofrequency ablation of liver tumors. World J Gastroenterol 2009; 15(3): 289-299 [PMID: 19140228 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.15.289]
Corresponding Author of This Article
Edward Leen, MD, FRCR, Professor of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Imaging Science Department, Imperial College London, Neptune Building 1st Floor, Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom. edward.leen@imperial.ac.uk
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World J Gastroenterol. Jan 21, 2009; 15(3): 289-299 Published online Jan 21, 2009. doi: 10.3748/wjg.15.289
Contrast-enhanced 3D ultrasound in the radiofrequency ablation of liver tumors
Edward Leen, Senthil Kumar, Shahid A Khan, Gavin Low, Keh Oon Ong, Paul Tait, Mike Averkiou
Edward Leen, Senthil Kumar, Gavin Low, Keh Oon Ong, Paul Tait, Imaging Science Department, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom
Shahid A Khan, Department of Hepatology and Gastro-enterology, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom
Mike Averkiou, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Cyprus, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom
Author contributions: Leen E conceived this paper; Averkiou M participated in designing; Kumar S, Low G and Tait P were responsible for data acquisition; Khan SA and Ong KO participated in the data analysis and all author read and approved the final manuscript.
Correspondence to: Edward Leen, MD, FRCR, Professor of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Imaging Science Department, Imperial College London, Neptune Building 1st Floor, Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom. edward.leen@imperial.ac.uk
Telephone: +44-20-83831023
Fax: +44-20-87435409
Received: June 27, 2008 Revised: September 4, 2008 Accepted: September 11, 2008 Published online: January 21, 2009
Abstract
Liver metastases and hepatocellular carcinomas are two of the most common causes of cancer deaths in the world. Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) is a well recognized, effective and minimally invasive means of treating malignant hepatic tumors. This article describes the use of contrast-enhanced 3D ultrasound (CE-3DUS) in the staging, targeting and follow-up of patients with liver tumors undergoing RFA. In particular, its value in the management of large hepatic lesions will be illustrated. Current limitations of CE-3DUS and future developments in the technique will also be discussed. In summary, CE-3DUS is useful in the RFA of liver tumors with improved detection and display of occult lesions and recurrence, in the assessment of lesional geometry and orientation for a more accurate planning and guidance of multiple RFA needle electrodes in large tumors and in the evaluation of residual or recurrent disease within the immediate and/or subsequent follow-up periods.
