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Copyright ©2008 The WJG Press and Baishideng. All rights reserved.
World J Gastroenterol. Oct 7, 2008; 14(37): 5717-5722
Published online Oct 7, 2008. doi: 10.3748/wjg.14.5717
Clinical outcome after pulmonary metastasectomy from primary hepatocellular carcinoma: Analysis of prognostic factors
Jong-Bum Kwon, Khun Park, Young-Du Kim, Jong-Hee Seo, Seok-Whan Moon, Deog-Gon Cho, Yong-Whan Kim, Dong-Goo Kim, Seung-Kew Yoon, Hyeon-Woo Lim
Jong-Bum Kwon, Khun Park, Young-Du Kim, Jong-Hee Seo, Seok-Whan Moon, Deog-Gon Cho, Yong-Whan Kim, Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, the Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 137-701, Korea
Dong-Goo Kim, Department of Surgery, the Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 137-701, Korea
Seung-Kew Yoon, Department of Internal Medicine, the Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 137-701, Korea
Hyeon-Woo Lim, Department of Preventive Medicine, the Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 137-701, Korea
Author contributions: Kwon JB and Park K contributed equally to this work; Kwon JB, Park K, Moon SW, Kim YD, Seo JH, Cho DG, and Kim YW performed research; Moon SW, Kim DG, and Yoon SK designed research; Lim HW analyzed data.
Supported by 21C Frontier Functional Human Genome Project from the Ministry of Science & Technology in Korea, No. FG06-11-11
Correspondence to: Seok-Whan Moon, MD, Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, the Catholic University of Korea, St. Paul Hospital, 620-56 Jeonnong-Dong, Dongdaemun-Ku, Seoul 130-709, Korea. swmoon@catholic.ac.kr
Telephone: +82-2-5902768 Fax: +82-2-5948644
Received: April 29, 2008
Revised: June 23, 2008
Accepted: June 30, 2008
Published online: October 7, 2008
Abstract

AIM: To review the surgical outcomes in terms of the surgical indications and relevant prognostic factors.

METHODS: Sixteen patients underwent therapeutic lung surgery between March 1999 and May 2006. The observation period was terminated on May 31, 2007. The surgical outcomes and the clinicopathological factors were compared.

RESULTS: There was no mortality or major morbidity encountered in this study. The mean follow-up period after metastasectomy was 26.7 ± 28.2 (range: 1-99 mo), and the median survival time was 20 mo. The 1- and 5-year survival rates were 56% and 26%, respectively. At the end of the follow-up, 1 patient died from hepatic failure without recurrence, 6 died from hepatic failure with a recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and 4 died from recurrent HCC with cachexia. Among several clinical factors, Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed that liver transplantation as a treatment for the primary lesion, grade of cell differentiation, and negative evidence HBV infection were independent predictive factors. On Cox’s proportional hazard model, there were no significant factors affecting survival after pulmonary metastasectomy in patients with HCC.

CONCLUSION: A metastasectomy should be performed before other treatments in selected patients. Although not significant, patients with liver transplantation of a primary HCC survived longer. Liver transplantation might be the most beneficial modality that can offer patients better survival. A multi-institutional and collaborative study would be needed for identifying clinical prognostic factors predicting survival in patients with HCC and lung metastasis.

Keywords: Hepatocellular carcinoma; Pulmonary metastasis; Metastasectomy; Liver transplantation; Thoracoscopy