• 9-valent HPV vaccine
• human papillomavirus
• immunogenicity
• males

• Humans
• Male
• Adolescent
• Female
• Young Adult
• Papillomavirus Vaccines/immunology
• Papillomavirus Vaccines/administration & dosage
• Papillomavirus Infections/prevention & control
• Papillomavirus Infections/immunology
• Adult
• Immunogenicity, Vaccine
• Antibodies, Viral/blood
• Child

• Child health
• Evidence gap map
• Infant health
• Interventions
• Maternal health
• Perinatal health
• Preconception health

• Humans
• Adolescent
• Female
• Preconception Care
• Pregnancy
• Young Adult
• Child Health
• Male
• Child
• Maternal Health
• Evidence Gaps

• Humans
• Papillomavirus Infections/prevention & control
• Papillomavirus Infections/virology
• Papillomavirus Vaccines/administration & dosage
• Papillomavirus Vaccines/therapeutic use
• Papillomavirus Vaccines/immunology
• Female
• Vaccination
• Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/prevention & control
• Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/virology
• Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/surgery
• Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/prevention & control
• Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/virology
• Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
• Human Papillomavirus Viruses

• HPV
• cervical cancer
• gynecologic cancer
• vaccination
• vaginal cancer
• vulvar cancer

• HPV
• Latin America
• cervical cancer
• epidemiology
• immunological aspects
• vaccines

• Humans
• Female
• Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/epidemiology
• Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/prevention & control
• Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/pathology
• Human Papillomavirus Viruses
• Papillomavirus Infections/epidemiology
• Papillomavirus Infections/prevention & control
• Latin America/epidemiology
• Papillomaviridae/genetics
• Vaccination
• Papillomavirus Vaccines

• 10209-2022 Jalisco Scientific Development Fund to Address Social Challenges "FODECIJAL 2022"

• Adults
• effectiveness
• human papillomavirus
• long-term follow-up
• qHPV vaccine

• cancer
• medical research

• Child
• Humans
• Female
• Middle Aged
• Papillomavirus Infections
• Outpatients
• Prevalence
• Human papillomavirus 16/genetics
• Human papillomavirus 18
• Uterine Cervical Neoplasms
• Condylomata Acuminata
• Genotype
• China/epidemiology
• Papillomaviridae/genetics
• Hospitals

• 2017ZX10103010-006 The "13th Five-Year Plan" Science and Technology Major Project

• HPV
• Mechanism of action
• Prophylactic
• Terminology
• Vaccine

• Female
• Humans
• Papillomavirus Vaccines
• Papillomavirus Infections/complications
• Papillomavirus Infections/prevention & control
• Papillomavirus Infections/epidemiology
• Uterine Cervical Neoplasms
• Human Papillomavirus Viruses
• Vaccination

• american society for colposcopy and cervical pathology
• human papillomavirus vaccine
• cervical intraepithelial neoplasia
• dysplasia
• treatment
• loop electrocautery excision procedure

Human papillomavirus (HPV) contributes to sexually transmitted infection, which is primarily associated with pre-cancerous and cancerous lesions in both men and women and is among the neglected cancerous infections in the world. At global level, two-, four-, and nine-valent pure L1 protein encompassed vaccines in targeting high-risk HPV strains using recombinant DNA technology are available. Therapeutic vaccines are produced by early and late oncoproteins that impart superior cell immunity to preventive vaccines that are under investigation. In the current review, we have not only discussed the clinical significance and importance of both preventive and therapeutic vaccines but also highlighted their dosage and mode of administration. This review is novel in its way and will pave the way for researchers to address the challenges posed by HPV-based vaccines at the present time.

• National Research Foundation of Korea

• Alphapapillomavirus
• Female
• Human papillomavirus 16
• Humans
• Papillomaviridae
• Papillomavirus Infections/complications
• Papillomavirus Vaccines/therapeutic use
• Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/prevention & control
• Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/surgery
• Vaccination
• Uterine Cervical Dysplasia/pathology
• Uterine Cervical Dysplasia/prevention & control
• Uterine Cervical Dysplasia/surgery

• 25356 Cancer Research UK
• 27047 Cancer Research UK
• Efficacy and Mechanism Evaluation Programme

Among women aged 27–45 years, the quadrivalent human papillomavirus (qHPV; HPV6/11/16/18) vaccine was generally well tolerated, efficacious, and immunogenic in the placebo-controlled FUTURE III study (NCT00090220; n = 3253). The qHPV vaccine was also generally well tolerated and highly immunogenic in men aged 27–45 years who participated in the single-cohort mid-adult male (MAM) study (NCT01432574; n = 150). Here, we report results of a long-term follow up (LTFU) extension of FUTURE III with up to 10 years follow-up. To understand the relevance of the mid-adult women LTFU study in the context of mid-adult men vaccination, we report results from post-hoc, cross-study immunogenicity analyses conducted to compare immunogenicity (geometric mean titers; GMTs) at 1-month post-qHPV vaccine dose 3 in women and men aged 27–45 years versus women and men aged 16–26 years from prior efficacy studies. The qHPV vaccine demonstrated durable protection against the combined endpoint of HPV6/11/16/18-related high-grade cervical dysplasia and genital warts up to 10 years (median 8.9) post-dose 3 and sustained HPV6/11/16/18 antibody responses through approximately 10 years in women aged 27–45 years. Efficacy of qHPV vaccine in men aged 27–45 years was inferred based on the cross-study analysis of qHPV vaccine immunogenicity demonstrating non-inferior HPV6/11/16/18 antibody responses in men aged 27–45 years versus 16–26 years. In conclusion, durable effectiveness of the qHPV vaccine was demonstrated in women 27–45 years of age, and vaccine efficacy was inferred in men 27–45 years of age based on the serological results.

Background: Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is the most common sexually transmitted disease, and it is associated with anogenital warts and oropharyngeal and anogenital cancers. Among female malignant tumors in China, the incidence of cervical cancer ranks second, with only breast cancer being more prevalent. HPV infection and related diseases affects both women and men. HPV vaccination is an optimal prevention strategy in preventing HPV infection and related diseases. The inclusion of the HPV vaccine in the national immunization program is an effective way to increase immunization coverage, reduce the burden of HPV related diseases, and increase national life expectancy. Objective: This study aimed to explore the factors influencing the attitudes of Chinese men toward the inclusion of the HPV vaccine in males included in the national immunization program, thus providing reference for launching the national immunization program policy. Methods: We invited men aged 20 to 45 to participate in an online survey. The participants were requested to complete a questionnaire, including sociodemographic characteristics, sexual behavior characteristics, knowledge of HPV and the HPV vaccine, and attitudes toward the HPV vaccine. A logistic regression model was constructed to analyze the influencing factors of attitudes. Results: A total of 660 males in China participated in this survey, and 80.45% supported the inclusion of HPV vaccines in national immunization programs. Participants earning CNY 100,000–200,000 (dds ratio (OR): 0.63, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.39–1.00) or ≥200,000 (OR: 0.34, 95% CI: 0.17–0.68) were more likely to disapprove this strategy. Compared with people without a history of HPV infection, those with a history of HPV infection (OR: 1.84, 95% CI: 1.17–2.90) were more likely to approve. Men who had better knowledge of HPV were more likely to approve than men with less knowledge about HPV (OR: 1.44, 95% CI: 1.17–1.79). Compared with participants who did not know when the HPV vaccine should be given, those who knew that the ideal time of vaccination is before an individual becomes sexually active (OR: 1.75, 95% CI: 1.04–2.95) were more likely to approve. Conclusion: One in five men did not support the inclusion of HPV vaccines in national immunization programs, and they are likely to be from higher socioeconomic background and have poor knowledge of HPV. In order to implement comprehensive immunity, targeted actions need to be taken at national and public levels. In addition, when implementing measures, more attention needs to be paid to lower income men, men without a history of HPV infection and with poor knowledge of HPV, as well as young men.

Estimates of the humoral immune response to incident human papillomavirus (HPV) infections are limited.

In this post hoc analysis of 3875 women aged 16–23 years from a 4-valent HPV vaccine trial (NCT00092482), HPV seroprevalence on day 1 was measured with a 9-valent HPV (HPV 6/11/16/18/31/33/45/52/58) competitive Luminex immunoassay and compared with cervical/external genital HPV detection by polymerase chain reaction. In the control group, among women who were HPV DNA‒negative on day 1, seroconversion following initial HPV detection was estimated using Kaplan-Meier methods.

Type-specific HPV seropositivity among women with no day 1 cervical/external genital HPV detection was 0.6%–3.6%. Women with any 9-valent HPV (9vHPV) cervical/external genital detection (796/3875; 20.5%) had concordant seropositivity ranging from 13.4% (HPV 45) to 38.5% (HPV 6). Among women in the control group who were negative for all HPV types on day 1, seroconversion by month 30 after initial detection ranged from 29% (HPV 45) to 75% (HPV 16).

Humoral immune response to HPV is variable and dynamic, depending on type-specific exposure. This longitudinal analysis provides insight into the relationship between incident infection and seropositivity.

ClinicalTrials.gov; NCT00092482 https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00092482.

•

Research on humoral immune responses to HPV infection are limited.

• HPV infection
• HPV serology
• HPV vaccines
• Human papillomavirus
• Seroconversion
• Seroprevalence

• HPV
• HPV screening
• HPV vaccine
• sex work
• transgender women

Vaccine efficacy among previously exposed, but currently uninfected women, i.e., those who have serological evidence of a prior human papillomavirus (HPV) infection without corresponding detectable HPV DNA, remains incompletely defined. This meta-analysis assessed the serotype-specific efficacy of prophylactic HPV vaccination against HPV16/18 persistent infection (PI) and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) among seropositive, DNA negative (SPDN) women enrolled to randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of HPV L1-based vaccines.

Searches were conducted on 08/16/20 on MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus and CENTRAL. RCTs of L1-based prophylactic bivalent or quadrivalent HPV vaccines, reporting serotype-specific clinical efficacy endpoints in the HPV16/18 seropositive, DNA-negative populations were included. Relative risks (RRs) of 6-month PI (6mPI), 12-month PI (12mPI), CIN1+ and CIN2+ were pooled using a random-effects model.

A total of 1,727 citations were reviewed. 8 studies, with a total of 9,569 SPDN participants, met all eligibility criteria. The RR of 6mPI (RR=0.22; 95% confidence interval [CI]=0.08–0.61; p=0.018), 12mPI (RR=0.20; 95% CI=0.05–0.80; p=0.035), CIN1+ (RR=0.13; 95% CI=0.05–0.30; p=0.003) and CIN2+ (RR=0.15; 95% CI=0.04–0.59; p=0.022) was significantly reduced in the vaccinated compared to the unvaccinated group.

Our findings suggest high serotype-specific efficacy for HPV vaccination among cohorts of women with evidence of prior HPV16/18 infections, including 87% efficacy (95% CI=70%–95%; p=0.003) against HPV16/18 cervical dysplasia. HPV vaccination is highly effective among uninfected women, regardless of prior exposure history.

PROSPERO Identifier: CRD42020206888

Since the human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine guidelines were developed by the Korean Society of Gynecologic Oncology (KSGO) in 2011, 2016, and 2019, several recent studies on the efficacy and safety of HPV vaccines in middle-aged women and men have been reported. Furthermore, there has been an ongoing debate regarding the efficacy of the HPV vaccine in women with prior HPV infection or who have undergone conization for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN). We searched and reviewed studies on the efficacy and safety of the HPV vaccine in middle-aged women and men and the efficacy of the HPV vaccine in patients infected with HPV and those who underwent conization for CIN. The KSGO updated their guidelines based on the results of the studies included in this review.

• Female
• Male
• Middle Aged
• Papillomavirus Vaccines
• Practice Guideline

Although recent studies have suggested that naturally acquired Human papillomavirus (HPV) antibodies are partly protective against subsequent homotypic infection, the extent of protection remains indecisive. Here, we evaluate the protective effect of neutralizing and IgG antibodies simultaneously.

In a cohort of 3634 women aged 18-45 years from the control arm of a phase III trial of the HPV-16/18 bivalent vaccine, participants were tested for neutralizing antibodies by pseudovirion-based neutralization assay (PBNA) and IgG antibodies by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) at baseline. HPV-16/18 incident and persistent infections were identified using cervical specimens periodically collected during the 5·5 years of follow-up. The protective effects of HPV-16/18 neutralizing and IgG antibodies against homotypic infection were assessed using a Cox proportional hazard model.

For the persistent infection (PI) endpoints of HPV-16/18 lasting for over 6/12 months, a prevalence of type-specific neutralizing antibodies was highly protective (6-month PI: hazard ratio (HR) = 0·16, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0·04, 0·65; 12-month PI: HR = 0·23, 95% CI: 0·06, 0·94), whereas a prevalence of IgG antibodies was associated with minor and non-significant protection (6-month PI: HR = 0·66, 95% CI: 0·40, 1·09; 12-month PI: HR = 0·66, 95% CI: 0·36, 1·20). After increasing the cut-off value to the median IgG level, the risk of 6-month PI was significantly lower in seropositive vs seronegative women (HR = 0·38, 95% CI: 0·18, 0·83).

Naturally acquired antibodies are associated with a substantially reduced risk of subsequent homotypic infection.

NSFC; The Fujian Province Health Education Joint Research Project; Xiamen Science and Technology Major Project; CIFMS; and Xiamen Innovax.

• ANOGENITAL WARTS
• HUMAN PAPILLOMAVIRUS
• IMIQUIMOD
• PODOPHYLLOTOXIN
• QUADRIVALENT HPV VACCINE
• RANDOMISED CONTROLLED TRIAL

• 9vHPV vaccine
• HPV DNA test
• HPV clearance
• Pap smear
• adult women
• human papillomavirus (HPV)

• drug repurposing
• immunotherapy
• infectious diseases
• oncology
• preventive vaccines

Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a sexually transmitted infection common among men and women of reproductive age worldwide. HPV viruses are associated with epithelial lesions and cancers. HPV infections have been shown to be significantly associated with many adverse effects in reproductive function. Infection with HPVs, specifically of high-oncogenic risk types (HR HPVs), affects different stages of human reproduction, resulting in a series of adverse outcomes: 1) reduction of male fertility (male infertility), characterized by qualitative and quantitative semen alterations; 2) impairment of couple fertility with increase of blastocyst apoptosis and reduction of endometrial implantation of trophoblastic cells; 3) defects of embryos and fetal development, with increase of spontaneous abortion and spontaneous preterm birth. The actual molecular mechanism(s) by which HPV infection is involved remain unclear. HPV-associated infertility as Janus, has two faces: one reflecting anti-HPV immunity, and the other, direct pathogenic effects of HPVs, specifically, of HR HPVs on the infected/HPV-replicating cells. Adverse effects observed for HR HPVs differ depending on the genotype of infecting virus, reflecting differential response of the host immune system as well as functional differences between HPVs and their individual proteins/antigens, including their ability to induce genetic instability/DNA damage. Review summarizes HPV involvement in all reproductive stages, evaluate the adverse role(s) played by HPVs, and identifies mechanisms of viral pathogenicity, common as well as specific for each stage of the reproduction process.

• DNA damage
• Gastrulation
• Genomic instability
• Human papilloma viruses of high oncogenic risk type
• Infertility
• Oocyte
• Reproductive health
• Sperm cells
• Spontaneous abortion
• Viral integration

Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccines are efficacious against HPV infections and associated lesions in women HPV-naïve at vaccination. However, vaccine efficacy (VE) against oncogenic, high-risk HPV (HR-HPV) types in women infected with any other HR-HPV type at first vaccination (baseline) remains unclear. This post-hoc analysis of a phase II/III study (NCT00779766) evaluated AS04-adjuvanted HPV-16/18 (AS04-HPV-16/18) VE against HR-HPV type infection in 871 Chinese women aged 18–25 years over a 72-month follow-up period. Study participants were DNA-negative at baseline to HR-HPV type(s) considered for VE and DNA-positive to any other HR-HPV type. Initial serostatus was not considered. Baseline DNA prevalence was 14.6% for any HR-HPV type and 10.6% excluding HPV-16/18. In the total vaccinated cohort for efficacy, VE against 6-month and 12-month HPV-16/18 persistent infections (PIs) in women DNA-negative to HPV-16/18 but DNA-positive to any other HR-HPV type at baseline was 100.0% (95% Confidence Interval [CI]: 79.8–100.0) and 100.0% (95%CI: 47.2–100.0), respectively. VE against HPV-16/18 incident infections in women DNA-positive to one vaccine type but DNA-negative to the other one at baseline was 66.8% (95%CI: −18.9–92.5). VE against HPV-31/33/45 incident infections, in women DNA-positive to HPV-16/18 and DNA-negative to the considered HPV type at baseline was 71.0% (95%CI: 27.3–89.8). No HPV-16/18 PIs were observed in vaccinated women with non-vaccine HPV A7/A9 species cervical infection at baseline. These findings indicated that women with existing HR-HPV infection at vaccination might still benefit from the AS04-HPV-16/18 vaccine. However, this potential benefit needs further demonstration in the future.

• China
• Human papillomavirus
• cervical cancer
• clinical trial
• efficacy
• infection
• prevention
• vaccines

• Cervical cancer
• First-generation
• France
• Human immunodeficiency virus
• Human papillomavirus
• Immigrant women
• Sub-saharan africa

• Adult
• Alphapapillomavirus
• Emigrants and Immigrants
• Female
• Genotype
• HIV
• HIV Infections/epidemiology
• Humans
• Papillomaviridae/genetics
• Papillomavirus Infections/epidemiology
• Prevalence
• Uterine Cervical Neoplasms

• Grant ANRS-2019-1 French National Agency for Research on AIDS and Viral Hepatitis, and the National Public Health Agency

• Cancer vaccines
• HPV vaccines
• Human papillomavirus
• Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Head and Neck

• Human papillomavirus
• fingolimod
• multiple sclerosis
• vaccination

Men who have sex with men (MSM) have an increased risk of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and related diseases compared with men who have sex exclusively with women. From April 2018, there has been a phased roll-out of HPV vaccination offered to MSM aged up to 45 years old who are attending sexual health clinics and HIV clinics in England. The vaccine is most effective if delivered prior to HPV infection. We estimated the proportion of MSM with no current vaccine-type infection and no serological evidence of prior infection, in a study undertaken prior to vaccine introduction.

We conducted a cross-sectional study among 484 MSM aged 18–40 years old who attended a sexual health clinic in London between 2010 and 2012. We estimated the prevalence of current and past infection by testing for HPV DNA in anogenital samples and for serum antibodies to HPV16 and HPV18.

The median age was 30 years (IQR 25–35). The prevalence of HPV16 and HPV18 DNA was 13.2% and 6.2%, respectively. Seropositivity for HPV16 and HPV18 was 28.5% and 17.1%, respectively, with 11.4% seropositive for both types. Seropositivity for the same HPV type was strongly associated with anogenital DNA detection. 279 MSM (57.6%) tested negative for both HPV16 and HPV18 serology and were DNA negative for these two types; only 5 MSM (1.0%) were seropositive and DNA positive for both HPV types.

This is the first study to determine both the prevalence of HPV DNA in anogenital samples and HPV seroprevalence among MSM attending a sexual health clinic in the UK. Over half of MSM in this study had no evidence of a previous or current infection with either of the high-risk HPV types included in the quadrivalent vaccine, which supports the rationale for opportunistic HPV vaccination of MSM attending sexual health clinics.

• HPV
• men
• serology
• sexual health
• vaccination

The human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine plays an important role in preventing a series of diseases caused by HPV. Recent studies have shown that as a primary prevention measure, it can considerably prevent HPV infection and HPV-associated cervical cancer. However, studies on the safety, efficacy, and coverage of the HPV vaccine remain insufficient, especially in developing countries. Therefore, in this review, we outlined the recent studies of the HPV vaccine in terms of immunogenicity, safety, efficacy, latest vaccination concepts, and strategies. This review may provide a theoretical basis for use of the HPV vaccine.

• HPV
• effectiveness
• implementation
• safety
• vaccine

• Condiloma
• Condyloma
• Papillomavirus
• Papilomavírus
• Prevention
• Prevenção
• Vaccination
• Vacina
• Verrugas
• Warts

Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccines, which were introduced in many countries in the past decade, have shown promising results in decreasing HPV infection and related diseases, such as warts and precancerous lesions. In this review, we present the updated information about current HPV vaccines, focusing on vaccine coverage and efficacy. In addition, pan-gender vaccination and current clinical trials are also discussed. Currently, more efforts should be put into increasing the vaccine’s coverage, especially in low- and middle-income countries. Provision of education on HPV and vaccination is one of the most important methods to achieve this. Vaccines that target HPV types not included in current vaccines are the next stage in vaccine development. In the future, all HPV-related cancers, such as head and neck cancer, and anal cancer, should be tracked and evaluated, especially in countries that have introduced pan-gender vaccination programs. Therapeutic vaccines, in combination with other cancer treatments, should continue to be investigated.

• Cervarix
• Gardasil
• Gardasil 9
• human papillomavirus
• vaccine

Human papillomavirus virus (HPV) vaccines aim to provide durable protection and are ideal to study the association of cellular with humoral responses. We assessed the duration and characteristics of immune responses provided by the quadrivalent HPV (4vHPV) vaccine in healthy female adults with or without prior exposure with type 16 and 18 HPV. In a prospective cohort, vaccine naïve females received three doses of 4vHPV vaccine and were followed for two years to assess cellular (intracellular cytokine staining, proliferation and B cell ELISpot assays) and humoral (multiplex L1/L2 viral-like particles (VLP) and M4 ELISAs) responses. Frequencies of vaccine-specific CD4+ T cells correlated with antibody responses. Higher HPV antibody titers were found at all time points in participants previously exposed to HPV, except for anti-HPV-18 at Day 187 (one week post the third vaccination). Retrospective cohorts enrolled females who had previously received two or three 4vHPV doses and tested antibody titers by M4 ELISA and pseudovirion neutralization assay along with memory B cells (MBCs). Almost all women enrolled in a retrospective cohort with two prior doses and all women enrolled in a retrospective cohort with three prior doses had sustained antibody and memory responses. Our findings indicate that HPV vaccination induces a long-lasting, robust cellular and humoral immune responses.

• ELISA
• HPV vaccine
• T Cell responses
• memory B cell responses
• pseudovirion neutralization assay

• UL1TR002378 NCATS NIH HHS
• HHSN272201300018I NIAID NIH HHS

• Adult
• Africa South of the Sahara/ethnology
• Antibodies, Viral/blood
• Antibodies, Viral/metabolism
• Cervix Uteri/immunology
• Early Detection of Cancer
• Emigrants and Immigrants/statistics & numerical data
• Female
• France/ethnology
• Human Papillomavirus Recombinant Vaccine Quadrivalent, Types 6, 11, 16, 18/immunology
• Human papillomavirus 16/immunology
• Human papillomavirus 18/immunology
• Humans
• Middle Aged
• Papillomavirus Infections/diagnosis
• Papillomavirus Infections/immunology
• Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/immunology
• Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/virology
• Vagina/immunology

• Agence Nationale de Recherches sur le Sida et les Hépatites Virales

• HPV-associated cancers
• Human papillomavirus infection
• Natural and vaccine-induced humoral immune responses
• Neutralizing antibody
• Virus-like particle HPV prophylactic vaccine

• HPV vaccines
• meta-analysis
• randomized clinical trials
• systematic review
• vaginal cancer
• vulval cancer

• HPV vaccination
• cervical cancer
• cervical neoplasia
• conization
• prospective cohort study

• HPV vaccine
• cisgender women
• men who have sex with men
• men who have sex with women
• people living with HIV
• transgender women
• uptake

• cervical abnormality
• human papillomavirus infection
• naturally acquired antibodies
• redetection or reactivation of HPV infection
• risk reduction