• NHANES
• constipation
• dietary intake
• population-based study
• vitamin B6

• NHANES
• Vitamin E
• constipation
• dietary intake
• population-based study

• adults
• chronic constipation
• diagnostic yield
• duhok
• laboratory tests

• Constipation
• Cross-sectional studies
• Diet
• Exercise
• Nutrition surveys
• healthy

• carbohydrates
• constipation
• dietary protein
• nutrition surveys

• Humans
• Constipation/epidemiology
• Dietary Proteins/administration & dosage
• Female
• Male
• Cross-Sectional Studies
• Nutrition Surveys
• Adult
• Middle Aged
• Aged
• Young Adult
• Prevalence

• 82370547 National Natural Science Foundation of China
• CSTB2023NSCQ-ZDJ0012 Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing
• 2022XLC05 Special Program of Science and Technology Innovation of Army Medical University

• 25-hydroxy vitamin d
• idiopathic chronic intestinal pseudoobstruction
• malabsorption

• Humans
• Vitamin D
• Intestinal Pseudo-Obstruction/diagnosis
• Intestinal Pseudo-Obstruction/etiology
• Vitamin D Deficiency/complications
• Vitamin D Deficiency/diagnosis
• Chronic Disease

• Adenoma
• Bowel preparation
• Colonoscopy
• Low‐residue diet
• Polyp

• Colonoscopy/methods
• Humans
• Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
• Cathartics/administration & dosage
• Cathartics/adverse effects
• Time Factors
• Diet
• Adenoma/diagnosis
• Female
• Male
• Preoperative Care/methods

• 82100587 National Natural Science Foundation of China
• 22XD1425000 Program of Shanghai Academic Research Leader (Youth)
• Deep Blue Project of Naval Medical University (Pilot Talent Plan)
• 234 Discipline Climbing Plan of Changhai Hospital

• Chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction
• Gut
• Inflammation
• Microbiota
• Motility
• Pathogenesis
• Vitamin D

• Humans
• Gastrointestinal Microbiome/immunology
• Gastrointestinal Microbiome/physiology
• Gastrointestinal Motility/physiology
• Intestines/microbiology
• Intestines/immunology
• Intestines/physiopathology
• Inflammation/immunology
• Inflammation/physiopathology
• Inflammatory Bowel Diseases/immunology
• Inflammatory Bowel Diseases/microbiology
• Inflammatory Bowel Diseases/physiopathology
• Intestinal Mucosa/immunology
• Intestinal Mucosa/microbiology
• Intestinal Mucosa/pathology
• Animals

• Chronic constipation
• functional constipation
• older people
• risk factors

• constipation
• food supplements
• magnesium oxide
• meta-analysis
• senna
• systematic review

• Adult
• Humans
• Vitamins/therapeutic use
• Magnesium Oxide
• Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
• Constipation/drug therapy
• Sennosides
• Dietary Supplements
• Minerals/therapeutic use
• Actinidia

• British Dietetic Association

• COVID-19
• Home confinement
• Immunity
• Minerals
• Quarantine
• Saudi Arabi
• Supplements

• 25-hydroxyvitamin D
• Functional dyspepsia
• Genetic variants
• Irritable bowel syndrome
• Mendelian randomization
• Vitamin D

• 2021CR008 Clinical efficacy of "selective gastric transplantation" in the eradication of Helicobacter pylori infection
• 2021CR008 Clinical efficacy of "selective gastric transplantation" in the eradication of Helicobacter pylori infection
• 2021CR008 Clinical efficacy of "selective gastric transplantation" in the eradication of Helicobacter pylori infection
• 2021CR008 Clinical efficacy of "selective gastric transplantation" in the eradication of Helicobacter pylori infection
• 2021CR008 Clinical efficacy of "selective gastric transplantation" in the eradication of Helicobacter pylori infection
• 2021CR008 Clinical efficacy of "selective gastric transplantation" in the eradication of Helicobacter pylori infection

• Gastrointestinal factors
• Personalised care
• Prediction model
• Prostate cancer
• Prostate motion
• Radiotherapy

• 28284 Cancer Research UK

Adequate bowel cleansing is critical for a high-quality colonoscopy because it affects diagnostic accuracy and adenoma detection. Nevertheless, almost a quarter of procedures are still carried out with suboptimal preparation, resulting in longer procedure times, higher risk of complications, and higher likelihood of missing lesions. Current guidelines recommend high-volume or low-volume polyethylene glycol (PEG)/non-PEG-based split-dose regimens. In patients who have had insufficient bowel cleansing, the colonoscopy should be repeated the same day or the next day with additional bowel cleansing as a salvage option. A strategy that includes a prolonged low-fiber diet, a split preparation regimen, and a colonoscopy within 5 h of the end of preparation may increase cleansing success rates in the elderly. Furthermore, even though no specific product is specifically recommended in the other cases for difficult-to-prepare patients, clinical evidence suggests that 1-L PEG plus ascorbic acid preparation are associated with higher cleansing success in hospitalized and inflammatory bowel disease patients. Patients with severe renal insufficiency (creatinine clearance < 30 mL/min) should be prepared with isotonic high volume PEG solutions. Few data on cirrhotic patients are currently available, and no trials have been conducted in this population. An accurate characterization of procedural and patient variables may lead to a more personalized approach to bowel preparation, especially in patients undergoing resection of left colon lesions, where intestinal preparation has a poor outcome. The purpose of this review was to summarize the evidence on the risk factors influencing the quality of bowel cleansing in difficult-to-prepare patients, as well as strategies to improve colonoscopy preparation in these patients.

• Colorectal cancer
• Colonoscopy
• Adenoma detection rate
• Bowel preparation
• Polyethylene glycol

• Humans
• Aged
• Cathartics/adverse effects
• Colonoscopy/methods
• Polyethylene Glycols/adverse effects
• Colon
• Ascorbic Acid

• 25-hydroxy vitamin D
• COVID-19
• Coronavirus
• Lopinavir
• docking
• simulation

• Humans
• Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/chemistry
• COVID-19
• Pandemics/prevention & control
• SARS-CoV-2/metabolism
• Ligands
• Molecular Docking Simulation
• Vitamin D/pharmacology
• Antiviral Agents/pharmacology

Vitamin D is a cyclopentane polyhydrophenanthrene compound involved mainly in bone health and calcium metabolism but also autophagy, modulation of the gut microbiota, cell proliferation, immune functions and intestinal barrier integrity. The sources of vitamin D include sunlight, diet and vitamin D supplements. Vitamin D3, the most effective vitamin D isoform is produced in the human epidermis as a result of sunlight exposure. Vitamin D undergoes two hydroxylation reactions in the liver and kidney to reach its active form, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D. Recent studies highlighted a complex spectrum of roles regarding the wellbeing of the gastrointestinal tract. Based on its antimicrobial effect, it was recently indicated that vitamin D supplementation in addition to standard eradication therapy might enhance H. pylori eradication rates. Moreover, it was suggested that low levels of vitamin D might also be involved in the acquisition of H. pylori infection. In terms of celiac disease, the negative effects of vitamin D deficiency might begin even during intrauterine life in the setting of maternal deficiency. Moreover, vitamin D is strongly related to the integrity of the gut barrier, which represents the core of the pathophysiology of celiac disease onset, in addition to being correlated with the histological findings of disease severity. The relationship between vitamin D and cystic fibrosis is supported by the involvement of this micronutrient in preserving lung function by clearing airway inflammation and preventing pathogen airway colonization. Moreover, this micronutrient might exert anticatabolic effects in CF patients. Inflammatory bowel disease patients also experience major benefits if they have a sufficient level of circulating vitamin D, proving its involvement in both induction and remission in these patients. The findings regarding the relationship between vitamin D, food allergies, diarrhea and constipation remain controversial, but vitamin D levels should be monitored in these patients in order to avoid hypo- and hypervitaminosis. Further studies are required to fill the remaining gaps in term of the complex impact of vitamin D on gastrointestinal homeostasis.

• COVID-19
• Pathophysiology of SARS-CoV-2
• Vitamin D

Decreased serum vitamin D (VD) levels have been associated with gastrointestinal (GI) disorders, including irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). VD can also modulate the intestinal barrier. Given the link between the GI barrier’s alterations and diet, attention has aroused the positive effects of the Low FODMAP Diet (LFD) on IBS patients’ symptom profile. We evaluated the GI symptoms and the urinary and circulating markers of GI barrier function, the markers of inflammation and intestinal dysbiosis in 36 IBS patients with predominant diarrhea (IBS-D) (5 men and 31 women, 43.1 ± 1.7 years) categorized for their circulating VD levels in low (L-VD) and normal (N-VD) (cutoff = 20 ng/mL). Evaluations were performed before and after 12 weeks of LFD. At the baseline, L-VD patients showed a significantly worse symptom profile and altered small intestinal permeability (s-IP) than N-VD. After LFD, a significant increase in the circulating VD levels in both the subgroups and a significant improvement of s-IP in L-VD patients occurred. Finally, VD levels negatively correlated with the symptom score and fecal zonulin. These data highlight the close relationship between VD and the intestinal barrier and support their involvement in IBS-D pathophysiology. Moreover, the potentially positive role of LFD in the management of IBS-D was confirmed.

• intestinal barrier
• irritable bowel syndrome
• low FODMAP diet
• symptom profile
• vitamin D

• Adult
• Biomarkers/blood
• Body Mass Index
• Diarrhea/complications
• Diarrhea/diet therapy
• Diet, Carbohydrate-Restricted/methods
• Feces/chemistry
• Female
• Fermentation
• Gastrointestinal Diseases/complications
• Gastrointestinal Diseases/diet therapy
• Haptoglobins
• Humans
• Irritable Bowel Syndrome/diet therapy
• Irritable Bowel Syndrome/physiopathology
• Male
• Middle Aged
• Protein Precursors/blood
• Vitamin D/blood

• COVID-19
• Complications
• Immunity
• Macronutrients
• Micronutrients
• Nutrition
• SARS-CoV-2
• Viral infection

• Constipation
• Dietary fiber
• Exercise
• Nutrition surveys

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between nutritional status and Parkinson's disease (PD) features.

Methods: The cohort was composed of 556 Parkinson's patients who were admitted to the hospital. Patients were categorized as normal nutrition or at risk of malnutrition/already malnourished. Questionnaires, physical examinations, and biochemical tests were conducted. The relationship between nutrition status and PD was analyzed using t-tests, χ²-tests, and logistic regression models.

Results: The prevalence of malnutrition [defined as a Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA) score <17] was 39.2%, and 30.3% of patients were at risk of malnutrition (17 ≤ MNA score ≤ 23.5). There was no difference in gender and age between the different nutrition groups (P < 0.05). Patients at risk of malnutrition and those who were malnourished had a longer course of disease, more severe motor symptoms, a higher stage of PD according to the Hoehn and Yahr (H-Y) classification, a lower body mass index (BMI) index, a lower cognitive score, higher levels of depression and anxiety, and more serious non-motor symptoms (P < 0.05) than patients with normal nutrition. There were differences in adenosine deaminase, albumin, phosphorus, chlorine, total protein, and uric acid between the two groups (P < 0.05). High Unified PD Rating Scale (UPDRS-III) scores, high H-Y stages, and dyskinesia were risk factors for malnutrition in PD patients, while high levels of total protein, uric acid, and chlorine were protective factors that led to good nutrition (P < 0.05).

Conclusions: Our results showed that dyskinesia, disease severity, total protein levels, uric acid levels, and chlorine levels were associated with nutritional status among Chinese PD patients. The findings of this study indicate the significance of the early detection and prevention of malnutrition to improve the quality of life of PD patients.

• MNA
• Parkinson's disease
• disease severity
• dyskinesia
• malnutrition

The world is now experiencing its third major epidemic of coronavirus (CoV) infections began in Wuhan, Hubei, China, in late 2019 and named COVID-19. After an initial explosive outbreak of pneumonia of unknown etiology in China, the disease spread first to neighboring Asian countries and then worldwide. Patients with COVID-19 presented with a constellation of symptoms such as fever, dry cough, dyspnea, sore throat, and nasal congestion and radiological findings showed bilateral lung glassy opacities. Vitamin D has many mechanisms by which it reduces the risk of microbial infection and death, including physical barrier, cellular natural immunity, and adaptive immunity. Vitamin D supplementation has shown favorable effects in viral infections including influenza and HIV. The effects of vitamin D supplementation during covid 19 infection remain controversial. Looking ahead, clinical studies are needed to define better cut offs for vitamin D levels and, finally, which dosage is the best.

• Covid-19
• Vitamin D

• COVID-19
• Gender
• Lifestyle
• Physical activity
• Quarantine
• Stress
• Vitamin D

• Anxiety/complications
• Betacoronavirus
• COVID-19
• Cardiovascular Diseases/etiology
• Coronavirus Infections/epidemiology
• Coronavirus Infections/prevention & control
• Diet, Healthy
• Disease Outbreaks
• Exercise
• Female
• Humans
• Life Style
• Male
• Obesity/complications
• Pandemics/prevention & control
• Pneumonia, Viral/epidemiology
• Pneumonia, Viral/prevention & control
• Quarantine
• SARS-CoV-2
• Sex Characteristics
• Stress, Psychological/complications
• Vitamin D/administration & dosage

Depression is associated with constipation within and outside Parkinson’s disease (PD). Since inefficient cognitive-processing (bradyphrenia) features in PD and an enterokinetic agent improved cognitive performance in healthy individuals, bradyphrenia may be associated with constipation. We aim to define the archetypical bowel function of PD, and its association with cognition, mood, and motor features within and outside PD. We assessed colonic transit time (oral radio-opaque markers over 6 days), bowel function and psychometric questionnaires and measures of PD facets, including bradyphrenia, in 58 participants with diagnosed PD, and 71 without (controls). The best abdominal X-ray (day 7) predictors of PD status were total retained marker count and transverse colon segmental delay. However, Rome functional constipation status complemented segmental delay better, giving good specificity (85%) but low sensitivity (56%). Transverse colon marker count appeared to be age-associated only in PD. In PD, those correctly classified by bowel dysfunction had higher depression scores (p = 0.02) and longer cognitive-processing times than the misclassified (p = 0.05). Controls misclassified as PD by bowel dysfunction had higher depression and anxiety scores than the correctly classified (p = 0.002 and 0.003, respectively), but not slower cognitive processing. Measures of motor features were independent of sub-classification by bowel function in PD and in controls. In conclusion, constipation in PD has distinct localized pathophysiology, and is associated with bradyphrenia.

• Parkinson’s disease
• anxiety
• cognitive-processing time
• colonic transit-time
• depression
• functional constipation

LINKED CONTENT

This article is linked to Tian et al and Tian and Rong papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15731 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15764 .

• Betacoronavirus
• COVID-19
• Coronavirus Infections
• Humans
• Pandemics
• Pneumonia, Viral
• SARS-CoV-2
• Vitamin D

Background: Abdominal pain is one of the commonest symptoms in emergency departments (EDs). Diagnosis demands full attention and critical thinking, since many diseases manifest atypically and the consequences of overlooking the symptoms may be disastrous. Despite intensive diagnostic procedures, some cases remain elusive and unclear abdominal pain (UAP) is not infrequent. Emerging evidence supports the hypothesis that functional pain might be attributed to vitamin D deficiency (VDD). People with darker or covered skin are predisposed to developing VDD. Patients in Switzerland stemming from low- and middle-income countries (LMIC) are such a population. Aim: To identify cases with UAP in LMIC patients and to compare vitamin D status with a control group. Methods: A retrospective single-center case-control study was carried out from 1 January 2013 to 31 August 2016 in all adult patients (more than 16 years old) stemming from LMIC and presenting at the university ED of Bern with abdominal pain. Vitamin D status was retrieved from these cases when available. The control group consisted of patients without abdominal pain or metabolic diseases and was matched (1:1) to the cases for age, gender, body mass index, geographic distribution, and season of vitamin D estimation. Results: A total of 10,308 cases from LMIC were reported to the ED. In total, 223 cases were identified with UAP. The status of vitamin D was available for 27 patients; 27 matched individuals were subsequently retrieved for the control group. Women made up 56.7% of the UAP group and 43.3% of the control group. The most common origin of the LMIC subjects was southern Europe (20.4%), followed by southern Asia (16.7%) and Eastern Europe (13%). Fourteen UAP patients exhibited severe VDD (<25 nmol/L) versus one in the control group (p = 0.001). The difference remained significant if the patients were identified as having VDD (<50 nmol/L) or not (p = 0.024). Comparison of the means indicated that the UAP group had lower vitamin D levels than the control group (41.3 vs. 53.7 nmol/L, respectively), but this difference was marginal (p = 0.060) and not statistically significant. After adjustment for potential confounders, including gender, mean vitamin D levels remained non-significantly different between groups. In the sub-group analysis, vitamin D levels were lower in women than in men (p = 0.037), compared to the respective controls. Conclusion: This study showed for the first time that patients from LMIC who presented to ED with UAP displayed VDD. Validation from larger studies is warranted to evaluate the linkage of VDD with UAP.

• abdominal pain
• emergency department
• irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)1. Introduction
• low income
• middle income
• migrants
• vitamin D