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Chen F, Gonzalez RS. Evaluation of enterochromaffin-like cell hyperplasia can help categorize patients with Helicobacter-negative atrophic gastritis. Am J Clin Pathol 2025; 163:601-609. [PMID: 39724194 DOI: 10.1093/ajcp/aqae159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2024] [Accepted: 12/19/2024] [Indexed: 12/28/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Atrophic gastritis (AG) is characterized by atrophy of gastric glands-in particular, oxyntic glands-in the setting of chronic inflammation; it is often autoimmune. The diagnosis is confirmed by immunohistochemistry (IHC) for gastrin (to confirm biopsy site), and pathologists often use IHC for neuroendocrine markers to evaluate for enterochromaffin-like cell hyperplasia (ECL-H). The utility of neuroendocrine staining is unclear, and we undertook this study to determine whether ECL pattern provided any additional information in cases of Helicobacter-negative AG. METHODS We reviewed clinicopathologic findings in 184 cases from 184 patients with histologic AG and no evidence of Helicobacter infection. Using neuroendocrine IHC markers, cases were divided into 3 groups: Group 1 showed complete ECL-H (both qualitative and quantitative criteria met), group 2 showed focal ECL-H (qualitative but not quantitative criteria met), and group 3 showed no ECL-H (neither criteria met). RESULTS Group 1 patients were more likely to have positive autoantibody serologies (73%, P = .0007 vs group 2) and higher mean gastrin levels (700 pg/mL, P = .017 vs group 3), and only these patients developed gastric neuroendocrine tumors. Group 2 patients were more likely to take proton pump inhibitors (64%, P = .0002 vs group 1). Group 3 patients were more likely to be male (70%, P = .008 vs group 1) and to have microcytic anemia (44%, P = .022 vs group 2) and less likely to have intestinal metaplasia (50%, P = .044 vs group 1). CONCLUSIONS Stratification based on degree of ECL-H is not necessary for diagnosis of AG but does lead to statistically significant clinical and pathologic differences among groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feidi Chen
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, US
| | - Raul S Gonzalez
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University Hospital, Atlanta, GA, US
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2
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de Vries E, Gallego A, Gil F. Trends in cancer mortality in the elderly and oldest old in South America. Cancer Epidemiol 2025; 95:102761. [PMID: 39904715 DOI: 10.1016/j.canep.2025.102761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2024] [Revised: 12/20/2024] [Accepted: 01/28/2025] [Indexed: 02/06/2025]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Little is known about trends in cancer among the older segments of the population, even less for South America. OBJECTIVE To describe time trends in mortality of the most frequent causes of cancer death among the population aged 70 and over. METHODS Using the World Health Organization´s Cancer Mortality Database, we studied trends in mortality from lung, colorectal, stomach, liver, prostate, breast, and cervical cancer from 1985 onwards. Joinpoint analyses allow discerning changes in average annual percent change (i.e., slope AAPC) of these trends over time. RESULTS The region has a 2-3-fold variation in absolute age-specific cancer mortality rates, with the lowest rates in Argentina and Paraguay and the highest in Chile, Uruguay, and Venezuela. In most countries except for Brazil and Paraguay (both sexes), Peru (females and males 80 +), and Venezuela (males), overall cancer mortality rates were declining in the studied age range, with some fluctuations during the period. The most common causes by sex vary throughout the continent and by age group, but overall, increasing trends were observed for colorectal and breast cancer. In all countries, time trends show reductions in mortality from stomach cancer (AAPC up to -4.77 %) and in some countries (Argentina, Chile, Colombia, and Ecuador AAPC between -0.04 % and -4.37 %) for cervical cancer. In the other countries, cervical cancer mortality remained stable. Lung cancer declined in all countries in males (AAPC between -0.39 % and -2.24 %) except Brazil, Paraguay and the eldest males in Venezuela but among females, increases were observed in most countries (AAPC between +0.47 % and +4.05 %). CONCLUSIONS Cancer-specific mortality rates vary considerably between countries in South America and the high cancer mortality rates in the oldest segments of the population. Effective primary prevention strategies, vaccination implementation, early detection, effective treatment programs, and better access to healthcare overall can positively impact the trends.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther de Vries
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Hospital Universitario San Ignacio, Carrera 7 N.º 40 - 62, Bogotá, Colombia.
| | - Andres Gallego
- PhD program in Clinical Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Carrera 7 N.º 40 - 62, Colombia; Vice-rectory of Research, Fundación Universitaria de Ciencias de la Salud - FUCS, Cra 19D No. 8A - 32, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Fabian Gil
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Hospital Universitario San Ignacio, Carrera 7 N.º 40 - 62, Bogotá, Colombia.
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Kim S, Kim MS, Kwon Y, Min JS, Alromi A, Kim JY, Kim J, Shin JI, Yon DK, Chu Y, Park S. Environmental Protective and Risk Factors for Gastric Cancer: An Umbrella Review and Reanalysis of Meta-Analyses. J Gastric Cancer 2025; 25:285-302. [PMID: 40200873 PMCID: PMC11982512 DOI: 10.5230/jgc.2025.25.e16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2024] [Revised: 11/06/2024] [Accepted: 11/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2025] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Despite extensive research on gastric cancer (GC), efforts to consolidate the numerous associations between possible factors and GC risk remain lacking. This systematic review aimed to provide an overview of potential GC-associated pairs. MATERIALS AND METHODS We systematically searched PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane databases, from their inception to April 23, 2022, for eligible systematic reviews and meta-analyses to investigate the association between any possible factors and GC risk. After the inclusion of 75 systematic reviews and meta-analyses, 117 association pairs were examined. We reanalyzed the included meta-analyses and produced effect estimates using uniform analytical models. The certainty of the evidence for each association pair was evaluated using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) criteria. RESULTS Iatrogenic factors, including antibacterial drugs, were associated with an increased risk of GC. Epstein-Barr virus and Helicobacter pylori infections were also associated with an increased risk of GC, while human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) infections were associated with a reduced risk. Dietary habit was a major factor influencing moderate to high GRADE associations. Positive associations were observed for heavy alcohol consumption (relative risk [RR], 1.13; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.06-1.12), refined grain consumption (RR, 1.36; 95% CI, 1.21-1.53), and habitual salt intake (RR, 1.41; 95% CI, 1.04-1.91). CONCLUSIONS The associations between GC risk and dietary and nutritional factors were considerably heterogeneous, whereas other factors, such as lifestyle and iatrogenic and environmental exposures, were consistent across regions. Therefore, dietary interventions for GC prevention should be tailored specific to regions. TRIAL REGISTRATION PROSPERO Identifier: CRD42020209817.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Min Seo Kim
- Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
- Cardiovascular Disease Initiative, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yeongkeun Kwon
- Division of Foregut Surgery, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Centre for Obesity and Metabolic Diseases, Korea University Anam Hospital, Seoul, Korea
- Gut and Metabolism Laboratory, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae-Seok Min
- Division of Foregut Surgery, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ahmad Alromi
- Department of General Surgery, The Jordanian Ministry of Health, Princes Hamzh Hospital, Amman, Jordan
| | - Jong Yeob Kim
- Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
- Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jueon Kim
- Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae Il Shin
- Department of Pediatrics, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dong Keon Yon
- Center for Digital Health, Medical Science Research Institute, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yuhyeon Chu
- Ewha Womans University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sungsoo Park
- Division of Foregut Surgery, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Centre for Obesity and Metabolic Diseases, Korea University Anam Hospital, Seoul, Korea.
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4
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Pete D, Salama NR, Lampe JW, Wu MC, Phipps AI. The prevalence and risk factors of Helicobacter pylori infection and cagA virulence gene carriage in adults in the Navajo Nation. MICROBIOTA IN HEALTH AND DISEASE 2024; 6:e1007. [PMID: 39071941 PMCID: PMC11282893 DOI: 10.26355/mhd_20247_1007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
Background American Indian and Alaska Native people in the United States experience high rates of stomach cancer. Helicobacter pylori infection is a significant risk factor for stomach cancer, and H. pylori strains that carry the cagA gene are linked to greater gastrointestinal disease severity. Yet, little is known about H. pylori and cagA infections in American Indian and Alaska Native people, particularly at the tribal level. We assessed the prevalence and risk factors of H. pylori infection and cagA gene carriage in tribal members from the Navajo Nation. Materials and Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study with adults from the Navajo Nation. Stool samples collected from participants were analyzed with droplet digital PCR for H. pylori 16S ribosomal and cagA virulence genes. Self-administered health and food questionnaires were mailed to participants to collect information on sociodemographic, health, lifestyle, and environmental risk factors for H. pylori infection. Logistic regression assessed the association between risk factors and H. pylori infection and cagA gene carriage. Results Among 99 adults, the median age was 45 (age range: 18 to 79 years), and 73.7% were female. About 56.6% (95% CI: 46.2-66.5) of participants were infected with H. pylori. Of H. pylori-infected participants, 78.6% (95% CI: 65.6-88.4) were cagA-gene positive. No significant associations of relevant risk factors with H. pylori and cagA-gene positive infections were noted. Conclusions In a community-based study population, a substantial proportion of adult tribal members had H. pylori and cagA-gene positive infections. Given these high proportions, culturally appropriate prevention strategies and interventions addressing H. pylori infections present an avenue for additional research and stomach cancer prevention in the Navajo Nation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dornell Pete
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington School of Public Health, Seattle, WA
| | - Nina R Salama
- Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA
| | - Johanna W Lampe
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington School of Public Health, Seattle, WA
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA
| | - Michael C Wu
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA
| | - Amanda I Phipps
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington School of Public Health, Seattle, WA
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA
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Kronsteiner-Gicevic S, Thompson AS, Gaggl M, Bell W, Cassidy A, Kühn T. Adding salt to food at table as an indicator of gastric cancer risk among adults: a prospective study. Gastric Cancer 2024; 27:714-721. [PMID: 38630317 PMCID: PMC11193689 DOI: 10.1007/s10120-024-01502-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND While dietary salt intake has been linked with gastric cancer risk in Asian studies, findings from Western populations are sparse and limited to case-control studies. Our aim was to evaluate the frequency of adding salt to food at table in relation to gastric cancer risk among UK adults. METHODS We evaluated associations between the frequency of adding salt to food and the risk of gastric cancer in the UK Biobank (N = 471,144) using multivariable Cox regression. Frequency of adding salt to food was obtained from a touchscreen questionnaire completed at baseline (2006-2010). 24-h urinary sodium excretion was estimated using INTERSALT formulae. Cancer incidence was obtained by linkage to national cancer registries. RESULTS During a median follow-up period of 10.9 years, 640 gastric cancer cases were recorded. In multivariable models, the gastric cancer risk among participants reporting adding salt to food at table "always" compared to those who responded "never/rarely" was HR = 1.41 (95% CI: 1.04, 1.90). There was a positive linear association between estimated 24-h urinary sodium levels and the frequency of adding salt to food (p-trend <0 .001). However, no significant association between estimated 24-h urinary sodium with gastric cancer was observed (HR = 1.19 (95% CI: 0.87, 1.61)). CONCLUSIONS "Always adding salt to food" at table was associated with a higher gastric cancer risk in a large sample of UK adults. High frequency of adding salt to food at table can potentially serve as a useful indicator of salt intake for surveillance purposes and a basis for devising easy-to-understand public health messages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selma Kronsteiner-Gicevic
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Vienna, Josef-Holaubek-Platz 2 (UZA II), 1090, Vienna, Austria.
- Center for Public Health, Medical University of Vienna, Kinderspitalgasse 15, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Alysha S Thompson
- Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, 19 Chlorine Gardens, Belfast, BT9 5DL, UK
| | - Martina Gaggl
- Center for Public Health, Medical University of Vienna, Kinderspitalgasse 15, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - William Bell
- Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, 19 Chlorine Gardens, Belfast, BT9 5DL, UK
| | - Aedín Cassidy
- Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, 19 Chlorine Gardens, Belfast, BT9 5DL, UK
| | - Tilman Kühn
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Vienna, Josef-Holaubek-Platz 2 (UZA II), 1090, Vienna, Austria
- Center for Public Health, Medical University of Vienna, Kinderspitalgasse 15, 1090, Vienna, Austria
- Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, 19 Chlorine Gardens, Belfast, BT9 5DL, UK
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Hartl D, Frank O, Hänel VS, Heigl V, Dawid C, Hofmann TF. Isolation and Identification of Novel Taste-Modulating N2-Guanosine 5'-Monophosphate Derivatives Generated by Maillard-Type Reactions. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:14284-14293. [PMID: 38869215 PMCID: PMC11212044 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c03485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
Several compounds with taste-modulating properties have been investigated, improving the taste impression without having a pronounced intrinsic taste. The best-known representatives of umami taste-modulating compounds are ribonucleotides and their derivatives. Especially the thio derivatives showed high taste-modulating potential in structure-activity relationship investigations. Therefore, this study focuses on the formation of guanosine 5'-monophosphate derivatives consisting of Maillard-type generated compounds like the aroma-active thiols (2-methyl-3-furanthiol, 3-mercapto-2-pentanone, 2-furfurylthiol) and formaldehyde to gain insights into the potential of combinations of taste and aroma-active compounds. One literature-known (N2-(furfurylthiomethyl)-guanosine 5'-monophosphate) and three new derivatives (N2-(2-methyl-1-furylthiomethyl)-guanosine 5'-monophosphate, N2-((5-hydroxymethyl)-2-methyl-1-furylthiomethyl)-guanosine 5'-monophosphate, N2-((2-pentanon-1-yl)thiomethyl)-guanosine 5'-monophosphate) were successfully produced using green natural deep eutectic solvents and isolated, and their structures were completely elucidated. Besides the intrinsic taste properties, the kokumi and umami taste-modulating effects of the four derivatives were evaluated via psychophysical investigations, ranging from 19 to 22 μmol/L.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela
M. Hartl
- Chair
of Food Chemistry and Molecular Sensory Science, Technical University of Munich, Lise-Meitner-Str. 34, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Oliver Frank
- Chair
of Food Chemistry and Molecular Sensory Science, Technical University of Munich, Lise-Meitner-Str. 34, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Victoria S. Hänel
- Chair
of Food Chemistry and Molecular Sensory Science, Technical University of Munich, Lise-Meitner-Str. 34, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Vinzenz Heigl
- Chair
of Food Chemistry and Molecular Sensory Science, Technical University of Munich, Lise-Meitner-Str. 34, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Corinna Dawid
- Chair
of Food Chemistry and Molecular Sensory Science, Technical University of Munich, Lise-Meitner-Str. 34, 85354 Freising, Germany
- Professorship
for Functional Phytometabolomics, TUM School of Life Sciences, 10 Technical University of Munich, Lise-Meitner-Str. 34, D-85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Thomas F. Hofmann
- Chair
of Food Chemistry and Molecular Sensory Science, Technical University of Munich, Lise-Meitner-Str. 34, 85354 Freising, Germany
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7
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Golonko A, Pienkowski T, Swislocka R, Orzechowska S, Marszalek K, Szczerbinski L, Swiergiel AH, Lewandowski W. Dietary factors and their influence on immunotherapy strategies in oncology: a comprehensive review. Cell Death Dis 2024; 15:254. [PMID: 38594256 PMCID: PMC11004013 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-024-06641-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Immunotherapy is emerging as a promising avenue in oncology, gaining increasing importance and offering substantial advantages when compared to chemotherapy or radiotherapy. However, in the context of immunotherapy, there is the potential for the immune system to either support or hinder the administered treatment. This review encompasses recent and pivotal studies that assess the influence of dietary elements, including vitamins, fatty acids, nutrients, small dietary molecules, dietary patterns, and caloric restriction, on the ability to modulate immune responses. Furthermore, the article underscores how these dietary factors have the potential to modify and enhance the effectiveness of anticancer immunotherapy. It emphasizes the necessity for additional research to comprehend the underlying mechanisms for optimizing the efficacy of anticancer therapy and defining dietary strategies that may reduce cancer-related morbidity and mortality. Persistent investigation in this field holds significant promise for improving cancer treatment outcomes and maximizing the benefits of immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Golonko
- Prof. Waclaw Dabrowski Institute of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology State Research Institute, Rakowiecka 36, 02-532, Warsaw, Poland
- Clinical Research Center, Medical University of Bialystok, M. Skłodowskiej-Curie 24a, 15-276, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Tomasz Pienkowski
- Clinical Research Center, Medical University of Bialystok, M. Skłodowskiej-Curie 24a, 15-276, Bialystok, Poland.
| | - Renata Swislocka
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, Bialystok University of Technology, Wiejska 45 E, 15-351, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Sylwia Orzechowska
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387, Krakow, Poland
| | - Krystian Marszalek
- Prof. Waclaw Dabrowski Institute of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology State Research Institute, Rakowiecka 36, 02-532, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Lukasz Szczerbinski
- Clinical Research Center, Medical University of Bialystok, M. Skłodowskiej-Curie 24a, 15-276, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Artur Hugo Swiergiel
- Prof. Waclaw Dabrowski Institute of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology State Research Institute, Rakowiecka 36, 02-532, Warsaw, Poland
- Faculty of Biology, Department of Animal and Human Physiology, University of Gdansk, W. Stwosza 59, 80-308, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Wlodzimierz Lewandowski
- Prof. Waclaw Dabrowski Institute of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology State Research Institute, Rakowiecka 36, 02-532, Warsaw, Poland
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, Bialystok University of Technology, Wiejska 45 E, 15-351, Bialystok, Poland
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Nie T, Huang S, Yang Y, Hu A, Wang J, Cheng Z, Liu W. A review of the world's salt reduction policies and strategies - preparing for the upcoming year 2025. Food Funct 2024; 15:2836-2859. [PMID: 38414443 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo03352j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
Excessive consumption of dietary sodium is a significant contributor to non-communicable diseases, including hypertension and cardiovascular disease. There is now a global consensus that regulating salt intake is among the most cost-effective measures for enhancing public health. More than half of the countries worldwide have implemented multiple strategies to decrease salt consumption. Nevertheless, a report on sodium intake reduction published by the World Health Organization revealed that the world is off-track to meet its targeted reduction of 30% by 2025. The global situation regarding salt reduction remains concerning. This review will center on domestic and international salt reduction policies, as well as diverse strategies, given the detrimental effects of excessive dietary salt intake and the existing global salt intake scenario. Besides, we used visualization software to analyze the literature related to salt reduction research in the last five years to explore the research hotspots in this field. Our objective is to enhance public awareness regarding the imperative of reducing salt intake and promoting the active implementation of diverse salt reduction policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Nie
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China.
| | - Siqi Huang
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China.
| | - Yuxin Yang
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China.
| | - Anna Hu
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China.
| | - Jianing Wang
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China.
| | - Zeneng Cheng
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China.
| | - Wenjie Liu
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China.
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Alshut F, Venner M, Martinsson G, Vervuert I. The effects of feeding sodium chloride pellets on the gastric mucosa, acid-base, and mineral status in exercising horses. J Vet Intern Med 2023; 37:2552-2561. [PMID: 37776109 PMCID: PMC10658481 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.16851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Electrolyte supplementation may be a risk factor for gastric mucosal lesions, but relevant evidence is limited in horses. HYPOTHESIS Investigate the effects of PO sodium chloride (NaCl) supplementation on the gastric mucosa of exercising horses. We hypothesized that NaCl supplementation would neither cause nor exacerbate existing gastric mucosal damage. ANIMALS Fifteen 3-year-old healthy Warmblood stallions from a stud farm. METHODS Placebo-controlled study with a crossover design. Horses were fed either a NaCl pellet at a dosage adequate to replace the electrolyte losses in 10 L sweat or a placebo for 19 days with a washout period of 14 days between treatments. The gastric mucosa was evaluated by gastroscopy before and after treatment. Blood samples were collected for evaluation of acid-base status, packed cell volume (PCV), and total protein, creatinine and blood urea nitrogen concentrations. Urine was collected, and urine specific gravity, electrolyte, creatinine, and urea concentrations were measured. RESULTS The initial prevalence of gastric mucosal lesions was 85%. Sodium chloride pellets did not adversely affect the gastric mucosa and treatment did not significantly alter the hematologic and serum biochemical variables. Urine creatinine concentrations significantly decreased and urinary sodium concentrations significantly increased after supplementation with NaCl pellets. Water intake did not significantly differ between treatments. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE Daily NaCl pellet supplementation is a palatable and safe way to replace electrolyte losses from sweating in exercising horses and has no negative effects on the gastric mucosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farina Alshut
- Equine Veterinary Clinic Destedt GmbHDestedtGermany
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Nutrition Diseases and Dietetics, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of LeipzigLeipzigGermany
| | | | | | - Ingrid Vervuert
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Nutrition Diseases and Dietetics, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of LeipzigLeipzigGermany
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10
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Mathur P, Kulothungan V, Nath A, Vinay Urs KS, Ramakrishnan L. Awareness, behavior, and determinants of dietary salt intake in adults: results from the National NCD Monitoring Survey, India. Sci Rep 2023; 13:15890. [PMID: 37741845 PMCID: PMC10517942 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-42694-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/25/2023] Open
Abstract
A diet high in sodium contributes to a significant proportion of Disability Adjusted Life Years (DALYs) due to cardiovascular diseases. This paper describes the awareness, behaviour and determinants related to dietary salt intake in an adult population of 18-69 years that were assessed as part of the National NCD Monitoring Survey (NNMS) in India. A sub-sample of 3000 adults selected through simple random sampling from 150 nationally representative Primary Sampling Units (PSUs) was included. Data regarding awareness and behaviour related to dietary salt intake were collected. Urinary sodium excretion in spot urine samples was estimated and used to calculate dietary salt intake. The dietary salt intake's sociodemographic, behavioural and metabolic determinants were also analysed. Less than one-third of the adults of both genders in all age groups in rural and urban areas were aware that daily high salt intake could affect health. The estimated mean daily salt intake was 8.0 g (8.9 g/day for men and 7.1 g/day for women). The salt intake was significantly higher in men [Adjusted OR = 17.66 (5.24-59.46)], rural areas [Adjusted OR = 6.14 (1.83-20.60)], overweight and obese respondents [Adjusted OR = 17.62 (3.17-98.07)]. The perception of the harmful effects of high salt intake and practices to limit salt intake was low in the study population. The mean daily salt intake was higher than the WHO recommendation of up to 5 g daily. The mean dietary salt intake is high in the Indian population, which calls for planning and implementing control of dietary salt consumption measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prashant Mathur
- Indian Council Medical Research-National Centre for Disease Informatics and Research, Nirmal Bhawan, ICMR Complex, Poojanhalli Road, Off NH-7, Adjacent to Trumpet Flyover of BIAL, Kannamangala Post, Bengaluru, 562 110, India.
| | - Vaitheeswaran Kulothungan
- Indian Council Medical Research-National Centre for Disease Informatics and Research, Nirmal Bhawan, ICMR Complex, Poojanhalli Road, Off NH-7, Adjacent to Trumpet Flyover of BIAL, Kannamangala Post, Bengaluru, 562 110, India
| | - Anita Nath
- Indian Council Medical Research-National Centre for Disease Informatics and Research, Nirmal Bhawan, ICMR Complex, Poojanhalli Road, Off NH-7, Adjacent to Trumpet Flyover of BIAL, Kannamangala Post, Bengaluru, 562 110, India
| | - K S Vinay Urs
- Indian Council Medical Research-National Centre for Disease Informatics and Research, Nirmal Bhawan, ICMR Complex, Poojanhalli Road, Off NH-7, Adjacent to Trumpet Flyover of BIAL, Kannamangala Post, Bengaluru, 562 110, India
| | - Lakshmy Ramakrishnan
- Department of Cardiac Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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Peprah E, Amegbor P, Laar A, Akasoe B, Commodore-Mensah Y. Reducing Dietary Sodium Intake among Young Adults in Ghana: A Call to Action. Nutrients 2023; 15:3562. [PMID: 37630752 PMCID: PMC10458370 DOI: 10.3390/nu15163562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The positive association between excessive dietary sodium intake, hypertension, and cardiovascular disease (CVD) has been widely investigated in observational studies and clinical trials. Reducing sodium intake is a proven strategy to prevent hypertension and the onset of CVD, a major cause of morbidity and mortality globally. Africa has the youngest population globally, which is key to the continent's sustainable development. However, in Africa, the epidemics of hypertension and CVD negatively impact life expectancy and economic growth. Ghana, like other African countries, is no exception. The factors contributing to the increasing burden of CVD and excessive sodium consumption are multi-faceted and multi-level, including individual lifestyle, neighborhood and built environments, and socio-economic and health policies. Thus, the implementation of evidence-based interventions such as the World Health Organization Best Buys that target the multi-level determinants of sodium consumption is urgently needed in Ghana and other African countries. The aim of this commentary is to highlight factors that contribute to excessive sodium consumption. Second, the commentary will showcase lessons of successful implementation of sodium reduction interventions in other countries. Such lessons may help avert CVD in young adults in Ghana and Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Peprah
- Department of Global and Environmental Health, NYU School of Global Public Health, 708 Broadway, New York, NY 10003, USA;
| | - Prince Amegbor
- Department of Global and Environmental Health, NYU School of Global Public Health, 708 Broadway, New York, NY 10003, USA;
| | - Amos Laar
- Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, School of Public Health, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra P.O. Box LG13, Ghana; (A.L.); (B.A.)
| | - Bismark Akasoe
- Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, School of Public Health, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra P.O. Box LG13, Ghana; (A.L.); (B.A.)
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12
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Koh J, Ang G, Tan KB, Chen C. The social cost of high sodium diet in Singapore. Br J Nutr 2023; 129:1598-1606. [PMID: 35614498 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114522001568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
High sodium (Na) diet is one of the leading behavioural risks of disease identified in the Singapore Burden of Disease Study. We aim to estimate the cost attributable to a high Na diet in Singapore in 2019 from a societal perspective by employing a prevalence-based approach in cost-of-illness studies. We extracted national-level healthcare data and population attributable fractions by sex and age. Costs included direct and indirect costs from inpatient treatment and productivity losses. In 2019, the annual societal cost attributable to a high Na diet was conservatively estimated to be USA$262 million (95 % uncertainty interval (UI) 218, 359 million). At least USA$67·8 million (95 % UI 48·4, 120 million) and USA$194 million (95 % UI 153, 274 million) could be saved on healthcare and indirect costs, respectively, if the daily Na intake of Singaporeans was reduced to an average of 3 g. Overall, males had higher costs compared with females at USA$221 million (95 % UI 174, 312 million) and USA$41·1 million (95 % UI 33·5, 61·7 million), respectively. Productivity loss from foregone wages due to premature mortality had the largest cost at USA$191 million (95 % UI 150, 271 million). CVD had the largest healthcare expenditure at USA$61·4 million (95 % UI 41·6, 113 million), driven by ischaemic heart disease at USA$41·0 million (95 % UI 21·4, 88·9 million). Our study found that reducing Na intake could reduce future healthcare expenditures and productivity losses. This result is vital for policy evaluation in a rapidly ageing society like Singapore, where the burden of diseases associated with high Na diet is expected to increase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jemima Koh
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Gregory Ang
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kelvin-Bryan Tan
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
- Ministry of Health, Singapore, Singapore
- Centre for Regulatory Excellence, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Cynthia Chen
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
- Schaeffer Center for Health Policy and Economics, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Non-Communicable Disease Epidemiology, The London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, UK
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13
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Zhang J, Chan CK, Pavlović NM, Chan W. Effects of Diet on Aristolochic Acid-DNA Adduct Formation: Implications for Balkan Endemic Nephropathy Etiology. Chem Res Toxicol 2023; 36:438-445. [PMID: 36881864 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.2c00370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
Prolonged exposure to aristolochic acids (AAs) through AA-containing herbal medicine or AA-contaminated food is associated with the development of aristolochic acid nephropathy (AAN) and Balkan endemic nephropathy (BEN), both public health risks to which the World Health Organization is calling for global action to remove exposure sources. The AA exposure-induced DNA damage is believed to be related to both the nephrotoxicity and carcinogenicity of AA observed in patients suffering from BEN. While the chemical toxicology of AA is well-studied, we investigated in this study the understated effect of different nutrients, food additives, or health supplements on DNA adduct formation by aristolochic acid I (AA-I). By culturing human embryonic kidney cells in an AAI-containing medium enriched with different nutrients, results showed that cells cultured in fatty acid-, acetic acid-, and amino acid-enriched media produced ALI-dA adducts at significantly higher frequencies than that cultured in the normal medium. ALI-dA adduct formation was most sensitive to amino acids, indicating that amino acid- or protein-rich diets might lead to a higher risk of mutation and even cancer. On the other hand, cells cultured in media supplemented with sodium bicarbonate, GSH, and NAC reduced ALI-dA adduct formation rates, which sheds light on their potential use as risk-mitigating strategies for people at risk of AA exposure. It is anticipated that the results of this study will help to better understand the effect of dietary habits on cancer and BEN development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayin Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Chi-Kong Chan
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | | | - Wan Chan
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong
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14
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Lyu B, Jin XL. Status of Endoscopic Screening Strategies for Upper Gastrointestinal Tract Cancer. CANCER SCREENING AND PREVENTION 2022; 000:000-000. [DOI: 10.14218/csp.2022.00007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/03/2023]
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15
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Ilic M, Ilic I. Epidemiology of stomach cancer. World J Gastroenterol 2022; 28:1187-1203. [PMID: 35431510 PMCID: PMC8968487 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v28.i12.1187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 190] [Impact Index Per Article: 63.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite a decline in incidence and mortality during the last decades, stomach cancer is one of the main health challenges worldwide. According to the GLOBOCAN 2020 estimates, stomach cancer caused approximately 800000 deaths (accounting for 7.7% of all cancer deaths), and ranks as the fourth leading cause of cancer deaths in both genders combined. About 1.1 million new cases of stomach cancer were diagnosed in 2020 (accounting for 5.6% of all cancer cases). About 75% of all new cases and all deaths from stomach cancer are reported in Asia. Stomach cancer is one of the most lethal malignant tumors, with a five-year survival rate of around 20%. There are some well-established risk factors for stomach cancer: Helicobacter pylori infection, dietary factors, tobacco, obesity, and radiation. To date, the most important way of preventing stomach cancer is reduced exposure to risk factors, as well as screening and early detection. Further research on risk factors can help identify various opportunities for more effective prevention. Screening programs for stomach cancer have been implemented in a few countries, either as a national or opportunistic screening of high-risk individuals only. Generally, due to its high aggressiveness and heterogeneity, stomach cancer still remains a severe global health problem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milena Ilic
- Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac 34000, Serbia
| | - Irena Ilic
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade 11000, Serbia
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16
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Levels of Salt Reduction in Bread, Acceptability and Purchase Intention by Urban Mozambican Consumers. Foods 2022; 11:foods11030454. [PMID: 35159604 PMCID: PMC8834232 DOI: 10.3390/foods11030454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Excess sodium (Na) consumption is implicated in several health problems, particularly hypertension, and bread is an important dietary source. We aimed to analyze perception of salt, acceptability, and purchase intention of low-salt and unsalted white bread by consumers in Mozambique. Sensory evaluation was performed using a triangular test (N = 42) to perceive if differences in saltiness were detected when comparing low-salt and unsalted with salt-reduced white bread. Nine-point hedonic and five-point purchase intention scales were used to measure acceptability and purchase intention, respectively (N = 120). Difference in saltiness was not detected when fresh white bread with 282 mg Na/100 g vs. 231 mg Na/100 g and 279 mg Na/100 g vs. 123 mg Na/100 g were compared. Difference in saltiness was not detected when comparing unsalted vs. 64 mg Na/100 g, while differences were detected when unsalted vs. 105 mg Na/100 g and unsalted vs. 277 mg Na/100 g were compared. Overall acceptability and purchase intention were not affected by reductions of Na in bread. A reduction of up to more than 50% of Na was not perceived and a small level of Na was not distinguished from unsalted bread. Consumers were shown to accept and be willing to buy both unsalted and salt-reduced bread, suggesting that Na can be reduced from current levels.
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17
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Akbari A, Ashtari S, Tabaiean SP, Mehrdad‐Majd H, Farsi F, Shojaee S, Agah S. Overview of epidemiological characteristics, clinical features, and risk factors of gastric cancer in Asia‐Pacific region. Asia Pac J Clin Oncol 2022; 18:493-505. [PMID: 35073453 DOI: 10.1111/ajco.13654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Abolfazl Akbari
- Colorectal Research Center Iran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | - Sara Ashtari
- Gastroenterology and Live Diseases Research Center Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | - Seidamir Pasha Tabaiean
- Colorectal Research Center Iran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
- Department of Internal Medicine School of Medicine Iran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | - Hassan Mehrdad‐Majd
- Cancer Molecular Pathology Research Center Mashhad University of Medical Sciences Mashhad Iran
| | - Farnaz Farsi
- Department of Nutrition School of public health Iran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | - Sajad Shojaee
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | - Shahram Agah
- Colorectal Research Center Iran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
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18
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Sun QH, Zhang J, Shi YY, Zhang J, Fu WW, Ding SG. Microbiome changes in the gastric mucosa and gastric juice in different histological stages of Helicobacter pylori-negative gastric cancers. World J Gastroenterol 2022; 28:365-380. [PMID: 35110955 PMCID: PMC8771614 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v28.i3.365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The gastric microbiota in patients with gastric cancer (GC) has received increasing attention, but the profiling of the gastric microbiome through the histological stages of gastric tumorigenesis remains poorly understood, especially for patients with Helicobacter pylori-negative GC (HPNGC).
AIM To characterize microbial profiles of gastric mucosa and juice for HPNGC carcinogenesis and identify distinct taxa in precancerous lesions.
METHODS The 16S rRNA gene analysis was performed on gastric mucosa from 134 Helicobacter pylori-negative cases, including 56 superficial gastritis (SG), 9 atrophic gastritis (AG), 27 intestinal metaplasia (IM), 29 dysplasia (Dys), and 13 GC cases, to investigate differences in gastric microbial diversity and composition across the disease stages. In addition, paired gastric mucosa and juice samples from 18 SG, 18 IM, and 18 Dys samples were analyzed. α-Diversity was measured by Shannon and Chao1 indexes, and β-diversity was calculated using partial least squares discrimination analysis (PLS-DA). Differences in the microbial composition across disease stages in different sample types were assessed using the linear discriminant analysis effect size.
RESULTS The diversity and composition of the bacterial microbiota in the gastric mucosa changed progressively across stages of gastric carcinogenesis. The diversity of the gastric mucosa microbiota was found to be significantly lower in the IM and Dys groups than in the SG group, and the patients with GC had the lowest bacterial community richness (P < 0.05). Patients with IM and those with Dys had similar gastric mucosa microbiota profiles with Ralstonia and Rhodococcus as the predominant genera. Microbial network analysis showed that there was increasing correlation strength between IM and Dys (|correlation threshold|≥ 0.5, P < 0.05). GC and its precancerous lesions have distinguishable bacterial taxa; our results identified HPNGC-associated bacteria Streptococcaceae and Lactobacillaceae (P < 0.05). Additionally, across precancerous lesion stages from AG to Dys in Helicobacter pylori-negative patients, Burkholderiaceae abundance continuously increased, while Streptococcaceae and Prevotellaceae abundance presented a continuous downward trend. Furthermore, the microbial diversity was higher in gastric juice (P < 0.001) than in the mucosa, while PLS-DA revealed a statistically significant difference between the two groups (ANOSIM, P = 0.001). A significant difference in the microbial structure was identified, with Proteobacteria being more prevalent in the gastric mucosa and Firmicutes being more abundant in gastric juice.
CONCLUSION Our results provide insights into potential taxonomic biomarkers for HPNGC and its precancerous stages and assist in predicting the prognosis of IM and Dys based on the mucosal microbiota profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Hua Sun
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yan-Yan Shi
- Research Center of Clinical Epidemiology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 10019, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Wei-Wei Fu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Shi-Gang Ding
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
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19
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Hunter RW, Dhaun N, Bailey MA. The impact of excessive salt intake on human health. Nat Rev Nephrol 2022; 18:321-335. [DOI: 10.1038/s41581-021-00533-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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20
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Ray AK, Luis PB, Mishra SK, Barry DP, Asim M, Pandey A, Chaturvedi M, Gupta J, Gupta S, Mahant S, Das R, Kumar P, Shalimar, Wilson KT, Schneider C, Chaturvedi R. Curcumin Oxidation Is Required for Inhibition of Helicobacter pylori Growth, Translocation and Phosphorylation of Cag A. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:765842. [PMID: 35004346 PMCID: PMC8740292 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.765842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Curcumin is a potential natural remedy for preventing Helicobacter pylori-associated gastric inflammation and cancer. Here, we analyzed the effect of a phospholipid formulation of curcumin on H. pylori growth, translocation and phosphorylation of the virulence factor CagA and host protein kinase Src in vitro and in an in vivo mouse model of H. pylori infection. Growth of H. pylori was inhibited dose-dependently by curcumin in vitro. H. pylori was unable to metabolically reduce curcumin, whereas two enterobacteria, E. coli and Citrobacter rodentium, which efficiently reduced curcumin to the tetra- and hexahydro metabolites, evaded growth inhibition. Oxidative metabolism of curcumin was required for the growth inhibition of H. pylori and the translocation and phosphorylation of CagA and cSrc, since acetal- and diacetal-curcumin that do not undergo oxidative transformation were ineffective. Curcumin attenuated mRNA expression of the H. pylori virulence genes cagE and cagF in a dose-dependent manner and inhibited translocation and phosphorylation of CagA in gastric epithelial cells. H. pylori strains isolated from dietary curcumin-treated mice showed attenuated ability to induce cSrc phosphorylation and the mRNA expression of the gene encoding for IL-8, suggesting long-lasting effects of curcumin on the virulence of H. pylori. Our work provides mechanistic evidence that encourages testing of curcumin as a dietary approach to inhibit the virulence of CagA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashwini Kumar Ray
- School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
- Department of Microbiology, Saheed Rajguru College of Applied Sciences for Women, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
- Department of Environmental Studies, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Paula B. Luis
- Department of Pharmacology and Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, United States
| | | | - Daniel P. Barry
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Mohammad Asim
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Achyut Pandey
- School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Maya Chaturvedi
- School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Jyoti Gupta
- School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Shilpi Gupta
- School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Shweta Mahant
- Centre for Medical Biotechnology, Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Noida, India
| | - Rajashree Das
- Centre for Medical Biotechnology, Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Noida, India
| | - Pramod Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Sri Aurobindo College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Shalimar
- Department of Gastroenterology and Human Nutrition Unit, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Keith T. Wilson
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
- Center for Mucosal Inflammation and Cancer, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
- Veterans Affairs Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Claus Schneider
- Department of Pharmacology and Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Rupesh Chaturvedi
- School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
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21
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Jamshidi-Naeini Y, Moyo G, Napier C, Oldewage-Theron W. Food and beverages undermining elderly health: three food-based dietary guidelines to avoid or delay chronic diseases of lifestyle among the elderly in South Africa. SOUTH AFRICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/16070658.2021.1947039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Gugulethu Moyo
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, United States
| | - Carin Napier
- Department of Food & Nutrition Consumer Sciences, Durban University of Technology, Durban, South Africa
- Centre for Longitudinal Research, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Wilna Oldewage-Theron
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, United States
- Department of Sustainable Food Systems and Development, Free State University, Bloemfontein, South Africa
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22
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Collatuzzo G, Pelucchi C, Negri E, López-Carrillo L, Tsugane S, Hidaka A, Shigueaki Hamada G, Hernández-Ramírez RU, López-Cervantes M, Malekzadeh R, Pourfarzi F, Mu L, Zhang ZF, Lunet N, La Vecchia C, Boffetta P. Exploring the interactions between Helicobacter pylori (Hp) infection and other risk factors of gastric cancer: A pooled analysis in the Stomach cancer Pooling (StoP) Project. Int J Cancer 2021; 149:1228-1238. [PMID: 33990950 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.33678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (Hp) is crucial in gastric carcinogenesis, but infection alone is not a sufficient cause, and the interaction between Hp infection and other risk factors has not been adequately studied. We conducted a pooled analysis of seven case-control studies from the Stomach cancer Pooling (StoP) Project, comprising 1377 cases and 2470 controls, to explore the interaction among Hp infection and tobacco smoking, alcohol drinking, socioeconomic status (SES) and dietary salt intake on the risk of gastric cancer. We estimated summary odds ratios (ORs) and the corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) by multivariate unconditional logistic regression. The analysis showed no consistent interaction between Hp infection and cigarette smoking, while interaction was more than multiplicative for alcohol drinking (OR = 1.38, 95% CI: 1.07-1.77, P-interaction 0.02) and high intake of salt (OR = 2.62, 95% CI: 1.88-3.65, P-interaction = 0.04). The interaction with SES followed the multiplicative model (P = 0.49), resulting in a weakening among infected individuals of the protective effect of high SES among observed Hp-negative individuals. The interactions found were more pronounced in subjects with history of peptic ulcer. The interactions with Hp infection were stronger for cigarette smoking and dietary salt in the case of noncardia cancer, and for alcohol and SES in the case of cardia cancer. No differences were found when stratifying for histologic type. This large-scale study aimed to quantify the interaction between Hp infection and other modifiable risk factors of gastric cancer revealed that the benefit of combined Hp eradication and lifestyle modification on gastric cancer prevention may be larger than commonly appreciated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Collatuzzo
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Claudio Pelucchi
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Eva Negri
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences L. Sacco, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Shoichiro Tsugane
- Epidemiology and Prevention Group, Center for Public Health Sciences, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akihisa Hidaka
- Epidemiology and Prevention Group, Center for Public Health Sciences, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | | | - Reza Malekzadeh
- Digestive Oncology Research Center, Digestive Disease Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farhad Pourfarzi
- Digestive Oncology Research Center, Digestive Disease Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Digestive Disease Research Center, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Lina Mu
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Health Professions, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Zuo-Feng Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, UCLA Fielding School of Public Health and Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Nuno Lunet
- Department of Epidemiology, EPIUnit-Instituto de Saúde Pública da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Departamento de Ciências da Saúde Pública e Forenses e Educação Médica, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Carlo La Vecchia
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Boffetta
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Stony Brook Cancer Center, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
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23
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Kim TK, Yong HI, Jung S, Kim HW, Choi YS. Effect of reducing sodium chloride based on the sensory properties of meat products and the improvement strategies employed: a review. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2021; 63:725-739. [PMID: 34447950 PMCID: PMC8367399 DOI: 10.5187/jast.2021.e74] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Many consumers are concerned about the high levels of salt intake owing to the accompanied risk of chronic diseases. Due to this dietary concern, the food industry has recommended the reduction of salt content in many products. However, the addition of salt to meat products improves their quality and sensory properties, including saltiness, color, juiciness, and texture. Because quality deteriorations could induce decreased sensory scores owing to salt reductions, the challenges involved in improving the quality of reduced-salt meat products have been addressed. During the development of low-salt meat products, it is important to reduce sodium content and address the problems that arise with this reduction. Modified salt, organic acids, amino acids, nucleotides, hydrocolloids, high-pressure, ultrasound, electric pulsed field, and irradiation have been suggested as strategies to replace or reduce sodium content, and sensory scores could be improved by these strategies. Therefore, when developing a low-salt meat product, several perspectives must be considered and the latest technologies that could resolve this problem should be adopted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae-Kyung Kim
- Research Group of Food Processing, Korea
Food Research Institute, Wanju 55365, Korea
| | - Hae In Yong
- Research Group of Food Processing, Korea
Food Research Institute, Wanju 55365, Korea
| | - Samooel Jung
- Division of Animal and Dairy Science,
Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Hyun-Wook Kim
- Department of Animal Science &
Biotechnology, Gyeongnam National University of Science and
Technology, Jinju 52725, Korea
| | - Yun-Sang Choi
- Research Group of Food Processing, Korea
Food Research Institute, Wanju 55365, Korea
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Nohara-Shitama Y, Adachi H, Enomoto M, Fukami A, Morikawa N, Sakaue A, Toyomasu K, Yamamoto M, Fukumoto Y. Differential impacts of 24 hour urinary sodium excretion on cardiovascular diseases or cancer mortality in a general population. J Cardiol 2021; 78:334-340. [PMID: 34039467 DOI: 10.1016/j.jjcc.2021.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Elevated blood pressure is a major risk factor for cardiovascular (CV) disease. But the effects of sodium intake or excretion on CV mortality are uncertain. The present study aimed to investigate the association between 24 h urinary sodium excretion, as a marker of dietary salt intake, and CV or cancer mortality in a healthy Japanese population using 24 hurine collection. METHODS The baseline study was conducted in 1980. A total of 1291 participants aged 21 to 85 years, underwent health check-ups, which included blood chemistry measurements and the collection of 24 h urine samples. Enrolled 1291 participants were followed up for 27.5 years, in whom the final follow-up rate was 95.8%. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to assess the association between 24 h urinary sodium excretion and CV or cancer mortality. RESULTS The mean 24 h urinary sodium excretion was 5.80 ± 2.28 g/day. There were 631 deaths: 153 (27%) from cancer, 142 (26%) from CV disease. In the Cox proportional hazard regression model after adjustment for confounding factors, systolic and diastolic blood pressures, and uric acid were positively associated with CV mortality, and the 24 h urinary sodium and potassium excretions were inversely associated with CV mortality (p < 0.05). On the other hand, there were no association between 24 h urinary sodium excretions and cancer mortality. We divided the urinary sodium excretions levels into quartiles. After adjustment for confounding factors, the hazard ratio of CV mortality in the highest quartile of 24 h urinary sodium excretion versus the lowest was 0.46 (p < 0.05). The cumulative survival rate for CV death was significantly decreased in the lowest quartile compared with the other higher groups. CONCLUSIONS We found that impacts of 24 h sodium excretion on CV and cancer mortalities were much different in the general population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yume Nohara-Shitama
- Division of Cardio-Vascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, 67 Asahi-machi, Kurume 830-0011, Japan.
| | - Hisashi Adachi
- Division of Cardio-Vascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, 67 Asahi-machi, Kurume 830-0011, Japan; Department of Community Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | - Mika Enomoto
- Division of Cardio-Vascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, 67 Asahi-machi, Kurume 830-0011, Japan
| | - Ako Fukami
- Division of Cardio-Vascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, 67 Asahi-machi, Kurume 830-0011, Japan
| | - Nagisa Morikawa
- Division of Cardio-Vascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, 67 Asahi-machi, Kurume 830-0011, Japan
| | - Akiko Sakaue
- Division of Cardio-Vascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, 67 Asahi-machi, Kurume 830-0011, Japan
| | - Kenta Toyomasu
- Division of Cardio-Vascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, 67 Asahi-machi, Kurume 830-0011, Japan
| | - Maki Yamamoto
- Division of Cardio-Vascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, 67 Asahi-machi, Kurume 830-0011, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Fukumoto
- Division of Cardio-Vascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, 67 Asahi-machi, Kurume 830-0011, Japan
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Seafood Intake as a Method of Non-Communicable Diseases (NCD) Prevention in Adults. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13051422. [PMID: 33922600 PMCID: PMC8146377 DOI: 10.3390/nu13051422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 04/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Seafood (fish in particular) is one of the main food groups in nutrition models with proven health benefits. Seafood has long been considered a very valuable dietary component, mainly due to presence of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) but it is also an important source of protein (including collagen), anserine, taurine, iodine, selenium, vitamin A, vitamin K, vitamin D, tocopherols, B vitamins and astaxanthin. Considering the beneficial effects of these ingredients on blood pressure, lipid profile and the inflammatory process, seafood should be an essential component of the diet. Non-communicable diseases (NCD) such as cardiovascular diseases, cancer, diabetes and mental disorder, chronic respiratory diseases are common diseases associated with advanced age. Promotion of a healthy lifestyle (including proper nutritional behavior) and prevention of diseases are the most effective and efficient ways to decrease premature mortality from NCD and to maintain mental health and well-being. This review article shows the potential preventive and therapeutic effects of seafood with an emphasis on fish. Our narrative review presents the results of systematic reviews and meta-analysis.
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Matsui S, Sobue T, Zha L, Kitamura T, Sawada N, Iwasaki M, Shimazu T, Tsugane S. Long-term antihypertensive drug use and risk of cancer: The Japan Public Health Center-based prospective study. Cancer Sci 2021; 112:1997-2005. [PMID: 33660381 PMCID: PMC8088916 DOI: 10.1111/cas.14870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Antihypertensive drugs have been reported as both promotors and suppressors of cancers and this relationship has been known for several decades. We examined a large‐scale prospective cohort study in Japan to assess the relationship between long‐term antihypertensive drug use, for 10 y, and carcinogenesis. We divided participants into 4 categories according to the period of antihypertensive drug use, and calculated the hazard ratios (HRs), 95% confidence intervals (CIs), and P trends using the Cox proportional hazard model. In all cancers, there was a significant difference in the medication period and the adjusted HR, as well as a significant difference in the P trend. Furthermore, more than 10 y use of antihypertensive drugs significantly increased the adjusted HR in colorectal cancer (multivariable HR: 1.18, 95% CI: 1.01‐1.37 in the >10 y use group; P for trend = .033) and renal cancer (multivariable HR: 3.76, 95% CI: 2.32‐6.10 in the 5‐10 y use group; multivariable HR: 2.14, 95% CI: 1.29‐3.56 in the >10 y use group; P for trend < .001). The highest adjusted HR in renal cancer among antihypertensive drug users was observed in the analysis performed on patients in which the outcomes were calculated from 3 y after the 10‐y follow‐up survey and by sex. A large‐scale cohort study in Japan suggested that long‐term use of antihypertensive drugs may be associated with an increased incidence of colorectal and renal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Matsui
- Division of Environmental Medicine and Population Sciences, Department of Social and Environmental Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Tomotaka Sobue
- Division of Environmental Medicine and Population Sciences, Department of Social and Environmental Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Ling Zha
- Division of Environmental Medicine and Population Sciences, Department of Social and Environmental Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Tetsuhisa Kitamura
- Division of Environmental Medicine and Population Sciences, Department of Social and Environmental Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Norie Sawada
- Epidemiology and Prevention Group, Center for Public Health Sciences, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Motoki Iwasaki
- Epidemiology and Prevention Group, Center for Public Health Sciences, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Taichi Shimazu
- Epidemiology and Prevention Group, Center for Public Health Sciences, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shoichiro Tsugane
- Epidemiology and Prevention Group, Center for Public Health Sciences, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan
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Chakraborty P, Ghatak S, Chenkual S, Pachuau L, Zohmingthanga J, Bawihtlung Z, Khenglawt L, Pautu JL, Maitra A, Chhakchhuak L, Kumar NS. Panel of significant risk factors predicts early stage gastric cancer and indication of poor prognostic association with pathogens and microsatellite stability. Genes Environ 2021; 43:3. [PMID: 33568233 PMCID: PMC7877109 DOI: 10.1186/s41021-021-00174-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are very few studies covering the epidemiological risk factors associated with Epstein Barr Virus (EBV) and Microsatellite stability for Gastric Cancer (GC) cases. Early diagnosis of GC through epidemiological risk factors is very necessary for the clinical assessment of GC. The aim of this study was to find out the major risk factors to predict GC in early stage and the impact of pathogen infection and MSI on survival rate of patients. GC samples were screened for Helicobacter pylori, Epstein Barr Virus, and Mismatch repair (MMR) gene status (microsatellite stable or instable). Chi-square and logistic regression analysis of Odd ratio and 95% confidence interval (OR, 95% CI) were performed to find out the association between epidemiological factors and the risk of gastric cancer. The pathogen and MMR gene status were analysed to predict their effect on overall survival and the risk score and hazard ratio was calculated for prognostic assessment. RESULTS Excess body weight, consumption of extra salt, smoked food, alcohol, and smoking were the major risk factors for GC development. This study achieved a high area under the curve (AUC 0.94) for the probable GC patients in early-stage using the five-panel epidemiological risk factors. H. pylori infected cases were significant with smoked food, while EBV was found to be associated with tuibur intake and smoked food. In overall survival analysis EBV infected and microsatellite stable (HR: 1.32 and 1.34 respectively) GC cases were showing poor prognosis. CONCLUSION This study might provide new opportunities for personalized treatment options using this epidemiological factor risk score and clinicopathological factors assessment for early detection and prognosis in high-risk GC populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Payel Chakraborty
- Department of Biotechnology, Mizoram University, Aizawl, Mizoram, 796004, India
| | - Souvik Ghatak
- Department of Biotechnology, Mizoram University, Aizawl, Mizoram, 796004, India
| | - Saia Chenkual
- Department of Surgery, Civil Hospital Aizawl, Aizawl, Mizoram, 796001, India
| | - Lalawmpuii Pachuau
- Department of Pathology, Civil Hospital Aizawl, Aizawl, Mizoram, 796001, India
| | - John Zohmingthanga
- Department of Pathology, Civil Hospital Aizawl, Aizawl, Mizoram, 796001, India
| | - Zothankima Bawihtlung
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mizoram State Cancer Institute, Zemabawk, Aizawl, Mizoram, 796017, India
| | - Lalfakzuala Khenglawt
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mizoram State Cancer Institute, Zemabawk, Aizawl, Mizoram, 796017, India
| | - Jeremy L Pautu
- Department of Oncology, Mizoram State Cancer Institute, Zemabawk, Aizawl, Mizoram, 796017, India
| | - Arindam Maitra
- National Institute of Biomedical Genomics, P.O. NSS, District Nadia, Kalyani, West Bengal, 741251, India
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Yin J, Yi J, Yang C, Xu B, Lin J, Hu H, Wu X, Shi H, Fei X. Chronic atrophic gastritis and intestinal metaplasia induced by high-salt and N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine intake in rats. Exp Ther Med 2021; 21:315. [PMID: 33717258 PMCID: PMC7885066 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.9746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to induce chronic atrophic gastritis (CAG) with intestinal metaplasia (IM) in rats by administering saturated salt and methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG) via oral gavage. Changes in gastric mucosal blood microcirculation and activation of the cyclo-oxygenase-2 (COX-2)/hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α)/vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) signaling pathway during CAG and IM development were investigated. After administering saturated salt and MNNG for 25 weeks, mild atrophy was detected in the stomach of model rats using hematoxylin and eosin staining. CAG with IM was successfully induced in the gastric mucosa of the model rats after 35 weeks. Gastric mucosal blood flow was decreased in comparison with controls as early as 15 weeks after treatment to induce CAG and the mRNA expression levels of COX-2, HIF-1α, vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR)1 and VEGFR2 were increased in comparison with untreated rats as early as 25 weeks after treatment. HIF-1α, COX-2 and VEGFR2 expression levels were increased as early as 25 weeks after CAG induction treatment when compared to controls and HIF-1α, COX-2, VEGFR1 and VEGFR2 expression levels were significantly increased after 35 weeks. These findings indicated that administering saturated salt and MNNG by gavage for 35 weeks successfully induced CAG and IM in rats. Furthermore, the microcirculation was disturbed before activation of the COX-2/HIF-1α/VEGF signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yin
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Jinyu Yi
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Chun Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, P.R. China
| | - Bo Xu
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Jiang Lin
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Hongyi Hu
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Xiaojun Wu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, P.R. China
| | - Hailian Shi
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoyan Fei
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
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Mezmale L, Polaka I, Rudzite D, Vangravs R, Kikuste I, Parshutin S, Daugule I, Tazhedinov A, Belikhina T, Igissinov N, Park JY, Herrero R, Leja M. Prevalence and Potential Risk Factors of Helicobacter pylori Infection among Asymptomatic Individuals in Kazakhstan. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2021; 22:597-602. [PMID: 33639679 PMCID: PMC8190350 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2021.22.2.597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection is associated with several risk factors such as demographic, socioeconomic status and personal habits, which vary in different populations. This is the most up-to-date data on H. pylori prevalence and potential risk factors for H. pylori infection among asymptomatic middle-aged individuals in Kazakhstan. METHODS Apparently healthy individuals aged 40 to 64, who took part in the health control in the outpatient clinic, were invited to participate in the study; answered a questionnaire, donated a blood sample. The antibodies to H. pylori were analysed by latex agglutination method. The baseline characteristics of study subjects with or without H. pylori infection were compared using the Chi-square test. Odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for the association between H. pylori infection and potential risk factors were estimated using multivariable logistic regression models. RESULTS Altogether 166 subjects (59% male; the median age - 51 years old) were included; 104 (62.7%) were H. pylori positive. There were no statistically significant differences between H. pylori positive and H. pylori negative groups in respect to the gender, anthropometric measurements, socioeconomic factors and personal habits. The multiple variable analysis showed that age (OR, 1.99; 95% CI, 1.03 - 3.86; P=0.04) and increased salt intake (OR, 2.21; 95% CI, 1.12 - 4.35; P=0.02) were associated with H. pylori infection. CONCLUSIONS More than half of the study subjects were infected with H. pylori in Kazakhstan. The prevalence of H. pylori infection was independently associated with older age and regular high salt consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Mezmale
- Institute of Clinical and Preventive Medicine, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia.
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia.
- Riga East University Hospital, Riga, Latvia.
| | - Inese Polaka
- Institute of Clinical and Preventive Medicine, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia.
| | - Dace Rudzite
- Institute of Clinical and Preventive Medicine, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia.
| | - Reinis Vangravs
- Institute of Clinical and Preventive Medicine, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia.
| | - Ilze Kikuste
- Institute of Clinical and Preventive Medicine, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia.
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia.
- Digestive Disease Centre GASTRO, Riga, Latvia.
| | - Sergei Parshutin
- Institute of Clinical and Preventive Medicine, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia.
| | - Ilva Daugule
- Institute of Clinical and Preventive Medicine, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia.
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia.
| | | | | | - Nurbek Igissinov
- Astana Medical University, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan.
- Central Asian Cancer Institute, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan.
- Eurasian Institute For Cancer Research, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan.
| | - Jin Young Park
- Prevention and Implementation Group, Section of Early Detection and Prevention, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France.
| | - Rolando Herrero
- Prevention and Implementation Group, Section of Early Detection and Prevention, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France.
- Agencia Costarricense de Investigaciones Biomédicas, San José, Costa Rica.
| | - Marcis Leja
- Institute of Clinical and Preventive Medicine, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia.
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia.
- Riga East University Hospital, Riga, Latvia.
- Digestive Disease Centre GASTRO, Riga, Latvia.
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Torres-Roman JS, Ronceros-Cardenas L, Valcarcel B, Arce-Huamani MA, Bazalar-Palacios J, Ybaseta-Medina J, La Vecchia C, Alvarez CS. Cervical cancer mortality in Peru: regional trend analysis from 2008-2017. BMC Public Health 2021; 21:219. [PMID: 33499858 PMCID: PMC7836503 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-10274-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cervical cancer is the third leading cause of cancer-related death among Latin American women. Peru has the sixth highest mortality rate for cervical cancer in the region with regional variations. We aimed to determine overall and regional cervical cancer mortality rates and trends in Peru between 2008 and 2017. METHODS We performed an ecological study on the number of deaths by cervical cancer in Peru. Deaths were extracted from the Peruvian Ministry of Health mortality database. Age-standardized mortality rates (ASMR) were estimated per 100,000 women-years using the world standard Segi population. We computed mortality trends using the Joinpoint regression program, estimating the annual percent change (APC). For spatial analysis, GeoDA software was used. RESULTS Peru showed downward trends in the last decade (from 11.62 in 2008 to 9.69 in 2017 (APC = - 2.2, 95% CI: - 4.3, - 0.1, p < 0.05). According to regional-specific analysis, the highest ASMR was in the rainforest region, although this declined from 34.16 in 2008 to 17.98 in 2017 (APC = - 4.3, 95% CI: - 7.2, - 1.3, p < 0.01). Concerning spatial analysis and clustering, the mortality rates from 2008 to 2017 showed a positive spatial autocorrelation and significant clustering (Moran's I: 0.35, p < 0.001) predominantly in the neighboring North-East departments (Loreto, Ucayali, and San Martin). CONCLUSIONS Although mortality trends in the entire population are decreasing, mortality rates remain very high, mainly in the rainforest region. Our results encourage a need for further development and improvement of the current health care delivery system in Peru.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Smith Torres-Roman
- Universidad Científica del Sur, Lima, Peru. .,Latin American Network for Cancer Research (LAN-CANCER), Lima, Peru.
| | | | - Bryan Valcarcel
- Latin American Network for Cancer Research (LAN-CANCER), Lima, Peru
| | - Miguel A Arce-Huamani
- Universidad Científica del Sur, Lima, Peru.,Latin American Network for Cancer Research (LAN-CANCER), Lima, Peru
| | - Janina Bazalar-Palacios
- Latin American Network for Cancer Research (LAN-CANCER), Lima, Peru.,Universidad Católica Los Ángeles de Chimbote, Instituto de Investigación, Chimbote, Peru
| | - Jorge Ybaseta-Medina
- Latin American Network for Cancer Research (LAN-CANCER), Lima, Peru.,Facultad de Medicina Humana, Universidad Nacional San Luis Gonzaga, Ica, Peru
| | - Carlo La Vecchia
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Christian S Alvarez
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
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Žandaras Ž, Dobrovolskij V, Maceinaitė R, Strukčinskienė B, Arlauskas R, Stukas R. Evaluation of public knowledge and beliefs of adverse health effects of unhealthy food and knowledge and beliefs based inequalities among various socio-demographic groups in Lithuania. Cent Eur J Public Health 2020; 28:267-273. [PMID: 33338372 DOI: 10.21101/cejph.a6180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The availability of information on healthy products does not ensure the empowerment of people with the knowledge on how to choose or avoid food products or dishes depending on unhealthy factors. Public knowledge and beliefs of unhealthy food effects on health needs to be evaluated so that appropriate measures can be taken to properly inform people and relevant socio-demographic groups. METHODS The original survey questionnaire containing questions about specific food groups and various health effects was compiled. A total of 1,007 respondents, Lithuanian residents aged 18-75 years, were surveyed in March 2019. Multilevel stratified probability sampling method was used for data representativeness. RESULTS Almost half of respondents (46.2%) knew that deep-fried food could cause cancer. The majority of respondents (68.4%) were aware that sugar causes obesity and 61.7% were aware that sugar increases the risk of diabetes mellitus; 41.6% (more often those living in non-rural areas) know that grilled meat may cause cancer. More than half of respondents (57.2%) (more likely those living in non-rural areas and those with a university degree) were aware that smoked meat products may cause cancer. Only 46.4% were aware of the fact that salt raises blood pressure and the risk of cardiovascular diseases. CONCLUSION Only about half of Lithuanian residents aged 18-75 were aware of the scientifically proven harmful effects of unhealthy food groups. Socio-demographic factors influence the knowledge and beliefs of the population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Žymantas Žandaras
- Department of Public Health, Institute of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Valerij Dobrovolskij
- Department of Public Health, Institute of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Rūta Maceinaitė
- Department of Public Health, Institute of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Birutė Strukčinskienė
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Klaipeda University, Klaipeda, Lithuania
| | - Rokas Arlauskas
- Department of Public Health, Institute of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Rimantas Stukas
- Department of Public Health, Institute of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
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Lindblad A, Kaucher S, Jaehn P, Kajüter H, Holleczek B, Lissner L, Becher H, Winkler V. The Incidence of Intestinal Gastric Cancer among Resettlers in Germany-Do Resettlers Remain at an Elevated Risk in Comparison to the General Population? INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17249215. [PMID: 33317154 PMCID: PMC7763658 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17249215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Objective: Previous studies have shown that the incidence of gastric cancer (GC), and particularly intestinal GC, is higher among resettlers from the former Soviet Union (FSU) than in the general German population. Our aim was to investigate if the higher risk remains over time. Methods: GC cases between 1994 and 2013, in a cohort of 32,972 resettlers, were identified by the respective federal cancer registry. Age-standardized rates (ASRs) and standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) were analyzed in comparison to the general population for GC subtypes according to the Laurén classification. Additionally, the cohort was pooled with data from a second resettler cohort from Saarland to investigate time trends using negative binomial regression. Results: The incidence of intestinal GC was elevated among resettlers in comparison to the general population (SIR (men) 1.64, 95% CI: 1.09–2.37; SIR (women) 1.91, 95% CI: 1.15–2.98). The analysis with the pooled data confirmed an elevated SIR, which was stable over time. Conclusion: Resettlers’ higher risk of developing intestinal GC does not attenuate towards the incidence in the general German population. Dietary and lifestyle patterns might amplify the risk of GC, and we believe that further investigation of risk behaviors is needed to better understand the development of disease pattern among migrants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Lindblad
- Heidelberg Institute of Global Health, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (A.L.); (S.K.)
| | - Simone Kaucher
- Heidelberg Institute of Global Health, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (A.L.); (S.K.)
| | - Philipp Jaehn
- Institute of Social Medicine and Epidemiology, Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane, 14770 Brandenburg an der Havel, Germany;
| | | | | | - Lauren Lissner
- School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, 41346 Gothenburg, Sweden;
| | - Heiko Becher
- Institute for Medical Biometry and Epidemiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany;
| | - Volker Winkler
- Heidelberg Institute of Global Health, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (A.L.); (S.K.)
- Correspondence:
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Rejec B, Golja P, Hlastan Ribič C, Klemenc M. Sodium and Potassium Intake in Residents of Retirement Homes. Nutrients 2020; 12:E2725. [PMID: 32899968 PMCID: PMC7551129 DOI: 10.3390/nu12092725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 08/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Excessive salt intake and its impact on health is a public health problem in many regions of the world. The currently estimated dietary intake of salt among free-living adults is well above the WHO recommendations. Over the years, the number of residents in retirement homes has increased. Besides this, the nutrition of elderly people may be affected by physiological changes that occur with aging. The question is whether residents of retirement homes receive a more balanced diet, or whether the trend of excessive salt consumption continues even among institutionalised elderly people. Salt and potassium intake were assessed by measuring sodium and potassium excretion over 24 h in urine collected from a sample of residents of three retirement homes in the Goriška region, Slovenia. The average salt intake was 8.3 (2.9) g/day, which was significantly higher (p < 0.001) in men than in women (10.1 (3.1) vs. 7.3 (2.2) g/day, respectively). The estimated total daily potassium intake was 2.6 (0.6) g/day in men and 2.0 (0.8) g/day in women (mean 2.2 (0.8) g/day). The ratio of sodium to potassium was 1.53 (0.48). The salt intake among residents of retirement homes in the Goriška region, especially in men, exceeds the WHO recommended daily intake of <5 g. The mean daily potassium intake was below the WHO recommendations of 3.5 g/day.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boštjan Rejec
- MG d.o.o., Ulica Nikole Tesle 3, 5290 Šempeter pri Gorici, Slovenia
| | - Petra Golja
- Department of Biology, Chair of Physiology, Anthropology and Ethology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Večna pot 111, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
| | | | - Matjaž Klemenc
- Intensive Care Unit, General Hospital Nova Gorica, Ulica padlih borcev 13A, 5290 Šempeter pri Gorici, Slovenia;
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Phuoc LH, Sengngam K, Ogawa T, Ngatu NR, Ikeda S, Hoc TH, Phu PV, Minh DT, Ngoan LT. Fruit and Vegetable Intake and Stomach Cancer among Male Adults: A Case-Control Study in Northern Viet Nam. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2020; 21:2109-2115. [PMID: 32711439 PMCID: PMC7573430 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2020.21.7.2109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study investigated the association between fruit and vegetable intake and stomach cancer, with considering the impacts of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection and tobacco smoking. METHODS A case-control study featuring 80 male incident stomach-cancer cases and 146 male controls was conducted in a general hospital in Viet Nam. A semi-quantitative food frequency and demographic lifestyle questionnaire were used; and venous blood samples were collected to determine H. pylori status by IgG ELISA. The respective associations between fruit and vegetable intake and stomach cancer were examined using unconditional logistic regression analysis with adjustments for possible cofactors. RESULTS Fruit intake and stomach cancer showed a weak inverse association when this became non-significant after adjusting for H. pylori infection (OR = 0.50, 95%CI: 0.22-1.12, p trend = 0.094). Stratifying by H. pylori status returned a negative trend for fruit intake and stomach cancer among H. pylori-negative participants (OR = 0.21, 95%CI: 0.06-0.69, p trend = 0.010), but no significant interaction for H. pylori-positive participants (OR = 0.76, 95%CI: 0.21-2.68, p trend = 0.670). Vegetable intake and stomach cancer showed no association, regardless of H. pylori status. Compared to ever-smokers with low intake, never-smokers with high vegetable (OR = 0.25, 95% CI: 0.06-0.95) and fruit intake (OR = 0.20, 95%CI: 0.06-0.65) showed the lowest odds of stomach cancer. CONCLUSIONS Fruit, but not vegetable, intake showed a weak inverse association with stomach cancer. H. pylori infection and tobacco-smoking status may influence the protective effects of fruit and vegetable intake on stomach cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Hong Phuoc
- Graduate School of Public Health, International University of Health and Welfare, Narita city, Chiba Prefecture, Japan.
- Faculty of Public Health, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh city, Ho Chi Minh city, Viet Nam.
| | | | - Toshio Ogawa
- Graduate School of Public Health, International University of Health and Welfare, Narita city, Chiba Prefecture, Japan.
| | - Nlandu Roger Ngatu
- Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, International University of Health and Welfare, Narita city, Chiba prefecture, Japan.
| | - Shunya Ikeda
- Graduate School of Public Health, International University of Health and Welfare, Narita city, Chiba Prefecture, Japan.
| | | | | | | | - Le Tran Ngoan
- Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, International University of Health and Welfare, Narita city, Chiba prefecture, Japan.
- Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Da Nang city, Vietnam.
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Sukri A, Hanafiah A, Mohamad Zin N, Kosai NR. Epidemiology and role of Helicobacter pylori virulence factors in gastric cancer carcinogenesis. APMIS 2020; 128:150-161. [PMID: 32352605 DOI: 10.1111/apm.13034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 02/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Infection with Helicobacter pylori is associated with the development of gastric cancer. Although the prevalence of gastric cancer has declined throughout years due to improvement in early screening strategy, mortality due to gastric cancer has not changed. Incidence and mortality due to gastric cancer are higher in developing countries as compared to developed countries. Diagnosis and prognosis of gastric cancer are still poor with patients usually diagnosed with cancer at an advanced stage. Eradication of H. pylori is pertinent for the prevention of gastric cancer. However, the rise in antimicrobial resistance among H. pylori isolates has complicated the prevention strategy. H. pylori express multiple virulence factors for survival in the hostile acid gastric environment. The expression of oncogenic protein cytotoxin-associated gene A (CagA), vacuolating cytotoxin A (VacA), and outer inflammatory protein is essential for H. pylori to exert pathogenesis towards the host. Interestingly, <3% of H. pylori-infected subjects develop gastric cancer, suggesting a unique way of interaction between the host's immune response and H. pylori virulence factors. This article is aimed to review the epidemiology and role of H. pylori in gastric carcinogenesis. A better understanding of the interaction between H. pylori virulence factors and host is required for better gastric cancer prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asif Sukri
- Programme of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Health Science, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Alfizah Hanafiah
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Noraziah Mohamad Zin
- Programme of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Health Science, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nik Ritza Kosai
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Vahid F, Davoodi SH. Nutritional Factors Involved in the Etiology of Gastric Cancer: A Systematic Review. Nutr Cancer 2020; 73:376-390. [PMID: 32336147 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2020.1756353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Since treatment options for GC are limited, the best and most effective way is to try to reduce the incidences and understanding prevention strategies. OBJECTIVE The success in prevention strategies depends on understanding etiologic mechanisms. Our goal is to identify the major nutritional risk factors for GC, and we will examine the controversial evidence. DATA SOURCES We used Pub Med, Google Scholar, Scopus, Science Direct, Elsevier, Springer, and MEDLINE databases for extracting articles. DATA EXTRACTION Human studies published in English from 1997to2018 were included. Two reviewers other than authors initially assessed abstract of 742 papers and 248papers were selected for future assessments. After full review and consideration of the inclusion and exclusion criteria, we used 85 articles. RESULTS Dietary salt is a strong independent risk for GC whereas alcohol is most likely a risk only in the presence of heavy alcohol consumption. Red meat and high-fat diet increase the risk of developing GC but fresh fruits, vegetables and certain micronutrients like selenium and vitamin C are protective. CONCLUSION Some nutrients such as selenium, vitamin C, folate, iron, and zinc are involved in the etiology of GC. On the other hand; salt, fats, alcohol, red meat, and pepper were reported to be risk factors for GC. Since the GC is a heterogeneous malignancy and multiple factors are involved in its genesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farhad Vahid
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, School of Health, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | - Sayed Hossein Davoodi
- Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Department of Nutritional Sciences, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Cancer Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Georgopoulos SD, Michopoulos S, Rokkas T, Apostolopoulos P, Giamarellos E, Kamberoglou D, Mentis A, Triantafyllou K. Hellenic consensus on Helicobacter pylori infection. Ann Gastroenterol 2020; 33:105-124. [PMID: 32127732 PMCID: PMC7049243 DOI: 10.20524/aog.2020.0446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The Hellenic Society of Gastroenterology recently organized the “Hellenic consensus on Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection”. The aim of this publication is to report the guidelines in order to aid the national gastroenterology community in the management of H. pylori infection. Forty-one delegates from all Greek regions, including gastroenterologists, pathologists, clinical microbiologists, epidemiologists and basic scientists, were invited to this meeting. The participants were allocated to 1 of the 4 main topics of the meeting: i.e., H. pylori diagnosis and association with diseases; H. pylori and gastric cancer; H. pylori and extragastric associated disorders; and H. pylori treatment. The results of each subgroup were submitted to a final consensus vote that included all participants. Relevant data based on international and Greek publications were presented, and the quality of evidence, strength of recommendation, and level of consensus were graded. The cutoff level of 70% was considered as acceptance for the final statement. It is hoped that the recommendations and conclusions of this report will guide Greek doctors in their daily practice concerning the management of H. pylori infection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Theodoros Rokkas
- Gastroenterology Department, Henry Dynan Hospital (Theodoros Rokkas)
| | | | - Evangelos Giamarellos
- 4 Department of Internal Medicine, Attikon University Hospital (Evangelos Giamarellos)
| | | | - Andreas Mentis
- Laboratory of Medical Microbiology, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, (Andreas Mentis)
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Hosseinzadeh S, Alipanah-Moghadam R, Isapanah Amlashi F, Nemati A. Evaluation of Haptoglobin Genotype and Some Risk Factors of Cancer in Patients with Early Stage Esophageal Cancer. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2019; 20:2897-2901. [PMID: 31653132 PMCID: PMC6982658 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2019.20.10.2897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Esophageal cancer is one of the most lethal gastrointestinal cancers that has a complex and diverse etiology, with several genetic and nutritional factors involved in its etiology. The purpose of this study was to investigate the type of haptoglobin genotype and its relationship with some nutritional and biochemical risk factors affecting the prevalence of esophageal cancer in patients with early stage esophageal cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this study, 44 patients (20 males and 24 females) with early stage esophageal cancer and 44 healthy subjects, classified as control group, (19 males and 25 females) were selected. Haptoglobin (HP) genotype was determined employing PCR technique. Nutritional data were analyzed using standard food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) method. Serum levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), nitrate and nitrite were measured employing the colorimetric method. Serum levels of p53 protein were measured using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique. RESULTS The results of our study showed for the first time that HP1-1 genotype was the most prevalent genotype in esophageal cancer patients in Golestan province, Iran. HP2-2 genotype was the most frequent in the control group. Serum levels of MDA were significantly higher in the patients' group compared to the control group (P˂0.001). Weight and body mass index (BMI) were significantly lower in the patients' group than the control group (P<0.01). Food frequency analysis revealed that the consumption of fruits and vegetables in the patients' group was lower than that of the control group (P<0.05). CONCLUSION The results of our study showed for the first time that HP1-1 genotype is the dominant genotype in patients with esophageal cancer in Golestan province. As well, modification of nutritional pattern and consumption of high level of antioxidant compounds can be effective in reducing the prevalence of esophageal cancer in this region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Hosseinzadeh
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Reza Alipanah-Moghadam
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | | | - Ali Nemati
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
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Unequal burden of mortality from gastric cancer in Brazil and its regions, 2000-2015. Gastric Cancer 2019; 22:675-683. [PMID: 30603910 DOI: 10.1007/s10120-018-00916-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gastric cancer (GC) is an important cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. However, population-based data on GC mortality dynamics in low and middle income countries are scarce. METHODS We analyzed GC mortality in Brazil based on all GC-related deaths registered 2000-2015. RESULTS A total of 17,374,134 deaths were recorded, with GC identified in 214,808 (1.24%) cases-203,941 (94.9%) as underlying cause, and 10,867 (5.1%) as associated cause of death. Adjusted rates for age and sex was 6.85 deaths/100,000 inhabitants [95% confidence interval (CI) 6.73-6.97]. The highest mortality rates were found in males [10.00; rate ratio (RR) 1.85; 95% CI 1.78-1.91; p < 0.0001] and patients ≥ 45 years of age (24.98; RR 3.79; 95% CI 3.55-4.05; p < 0.0001). The South (7.56; RR 1.62; 95% CI 1.50-1.76; p < 0.0001) and Southeast (7.36; RR 1.59; 95% CI 1.48-1.71; p < 0.0001) regions had the highest regional rates. Spatial and spatiotemporal high-risk mortality areas in 2004-2007 were located mainly in the South, Southeast, and Central-West regions. After 2008, the Northeast region became a high-risk area, especially Ceará State. CONCLUSION GC remains a significant public health problem with high mortality burden and unequal distribution in Brazilian states. The new patterns in poorer regions and the high risk in some specific populations show a clear process of epidemiological transition over time. There is a need to strengthen nationwide epidemiological monitoring, surveillance, prevention, and control for GC in the country.
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40
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Sterea AM, Egom EE, El Hiani Y. TRP channels in gastric cancer: New hopes and clinical perspectives. Cell Calcium 2019; 82:102053. [PMID: 31279156 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2019.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Gastric cancer is a multifactorial disease associated with a combination of and environmental factors. Each year, one million new gastric cancer cases are diagnosed worldwide and two-thirds end up losing the battle with this devastating disease. Currently, surgery represents the only effective treatment option for patients with early stage tumors. However, the asymptomatic phenotype of this disease during the early stages poses as a significant limiting factor to diagnosis and often renders treatments ineffective. To address these issues, scientists are focusing on personalized medicine and discovering new ways to treat cancer patients. Emerging therapeutic options include the transient receptor potential (TRP) channels. Since their discovery, TRP channels have been shown to contribute significantly to the pathophysiology of various cancers, including gastric cancer. This review will summarize the current knowledge about gastric cancer and provide a synopsis of recent advancements on the role and involvement of TRP channels in gastric cancer as well as a discussion of the benefits of targeting TPR channel in the clinical management of gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andra M Sterea
- Departments of Physiology & Biophysics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Emmanuel E Egom
- Egom Clinical & Translational Research Services Ltd, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Yassine El Hiani
- Departments of Physiology & Biophysics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.
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41
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Morrison MEW, Joseph JM, McCann SE, Tang L, Almohanna HM, Moysich KB. Cruciferous Vegetable Consumption and Stomach Cancer: A Case-Control Study. Nutr Cancer 2019; 72:52-61. [PMID: 31094219 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2019.1615100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the association between regular cruciferous vegetable intake and stomach cancer.Methods: A hospital-based, case-control study was conducted at Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center in Buffalo, NY, which included 292 stomach cancer patients and 1168 cancer-free controls recruited between 1992 and 1998 as part of the Patient Epidemiology Data System (PEDS). Dietary and other epidemiologic and confounding variables were collected by questionnaire. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were utilized to estimate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for associations between usual pre-diagnostic cruciferous vegetable intake and stomach cancer, with adjustment for other stomach cancer risk factors and dietary characteristics.Results: We observed strong inverse associations between stomach cancer and highest versus lowest intakes of total cruciferous vegetables (OR = 0.59, 95% CI: 0.42-0.83), raw cruciferous vegetables (OR = 0.53, 95% CI: 0.38-0.73), raw broccoli (OR = 0.61, 95% CI: 0.43-0.86), raw cauliflower (OR = 0.51, 95% CI: 0.35-0.73), and Brussels sprouts (OR = 0.66, 95% CI = 0.48-0.91).Conclusions: These data suggest that consuming raw cruciferous vegetables may be associated with a lower odds of stomach cancer, even after considering other dietary characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maia E W Morrison
- Science Research Program, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Janine M Joseph
- Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Susan E McCann
- Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Li Tang
- Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Hani M Almohanna
- Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Kirsten B Moysich
- Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York, USA
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Stagnation in Decreasing Gastric Cancer Incidence and Mortality in Quito: Time Trend Analysis, 1985-2013. J Cancer Epidemiol 2019; 2019:1504894. [PMID: 30936917 PMCID: PMC6413390 DOI: 10.1155/2019/1504894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Revised: 12/27/2018] [Accepted: 01/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Despite the significant global decline in mortality and incidence, gastric cancer (GC) remains a very common cause of illness and death in the Latin American region. This article seeks to describe, in depth, the time trend of incidence and mortality of GC in the city of Quito, from 1985 to 2013. Methods Using data from the Quito Cancer Registry, annual sex-specific age-standardized incidence and mortality rates were calculated. The analysis included all types of GC together, as well as by histological subtype. Joinpoint regression analysis was performed to estimate the annual percentage change (EAPC). To evaluate cohort and period effects, Age-Period-Cohort (APC) modeling was performed. Results Over time, incidence rate decreased from 30.4 to 18.8 cases in men and from 20.1 to 12.9 cases in women. The mortality rate decreased from 17.5 to 14.4 deaths in men and from 14.2 to 10.9 deaths in women. The incidence trend was composed of a first period (1986-1999) of strong decline (EAPC Men= -2.6, 95% Confidence Interval [CI]: -4.2, -0.9; EAPC Women= -3.2, 95% CI: -4.6, -1.9), followed by a less important decrease in men (EAPC= -0.8, 95% CI:-2.5, 0.9) and a slight increase in women (EAPC= 0.7, 95% CI: -1.4; 2.8). Mortality rates were constantly decreasing in both men (EAPC= -0.5, 95% CI: -0.9, -0.1) and women (EAPC= -0.9, 95% CI: -1.7, -0.1) throughout the period of analysis. Conclusions The declines in incidence and mortality rates are stagnating. It is important to take measures to further reduce the high burden of GC.
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Fei X, Lou Z, Christakos G, Ren Z, Liu Q, Lv X. The association between heavy metal soil pollution and stomach cancer: a case study in Hangzhou City, China. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2018; 40:2481-2490. [PMID: 29679198 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-018-0113-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Stomach cancer (SC) is a severe health burden, with nearly half of the world's cases found in China. Noticeably, the emissions of heavy metals into the environment have increased alongside rapid urbanization and industrialization in China. However, as regards carcinogenic associations, the relationship between heavy metals and SC is yet unclear. Based on 9378 newly diagnosed SC cases in Hangzhou City from 2009 to 2012, this work is concerned with the quantitative characterization of the spatial distribution pattern of SC incidence and its geographical association with soil heavy metals by means of a novel geographical model. The results show that (a) Cd is one of the severe soil pollutants in Hangzhou; (b) higher SC incidence clusters are in central Hangzhou, whereas lower clusters are found in the northeast and southwest with a male to female incidence ratio about 2.2:1; (c) although when considered separately, the heavy metals in this work do not have a considerable impact on the distribution of SC incidence in Hangzhou City, nevertheless, the joint effects of multiple heavy metals have significant impacts on SC risk. The present work calls for a rigorous quantitative assessment of the integrated heavy metal soil pollution and its effects on SC incidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xufeng Fei
- Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 198 Shiqiao Road, Hangzhou, 310021, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Information Traceability of Agricultural Products, Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhaohan Lou
- Institute of Islands and Coastal Ecosystems, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan, China
| | - George Christakos
- Institute of Islands and Coastal Ecosystems, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan, China
- Department of Geography, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Zhouqiao Ren
- Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 198 Shiqiao Road, Hangzhou, 310021, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Information Traceability of Agricultural Products, Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qingmin Liu
- Hangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaonan Lv
- Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 198 Shiqiao Road, Hangzhou, 310021, Zhejiang, China.
- Key Laboratory of Information Traceability of Agricultural Products, Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou, China.
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Swaminath S, Um CY, Prizment AE, Lazovich D, Bostick RM. Combined Mineral Intakes and Risk of Colorectal Cancer in Postmenopausal Women. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2018; 28:392-399. [PMID: 30464021 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-18-0412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Revised: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite considerable biological plausibility, other than for calcium, there are few reported epidemiologic studies on mineral intake-colorectal cancer associations, none of which investigated multiple minerals in aggregate. METHODS Accordingly, we incorporated 11 minerals into a mineral score and investigated its association with incident colorectal cancer in the Iowa Women's Health Study, a prospective cohort study of 55- to 69-year-old women who completed a food frequency questionnaire in 1986. In the analytic cohort (n = 35, 221), 1,731 incident colorectal cancer cases were identified via the State Health Registry of Iowa. Participants' calcium, magnesium, manganese, zinc, selenium, potassium, and iodine intakes were ranked 1 to 5, with higher ranks indicating higher, potentially anticarcinogenic, intakes, whereas for iron, copper, phosphorus, and sodium intakes, the rankings were reversed to account for their possible procarcinogenic properties. The rankings were summed to create each woman's mineral score. The mineral score-incident colorectal cancer association was estimated using multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression. RESULTS There was decreasing risk with an increasing score (P trend = 0.001). The hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for those in mineral score quintiles 2 to 5 relative to those in the lowest were 0.91 (CI, 0.88-1.08), 0.85 (CI, 0.75-0.95), 0.86 (CI, 0.75-0.97), and 0.75 (CI, 0.71-0.95), respectively. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that a predominance of putative anti- relative to pro-colorectal carcinogenic mineral intakes may be inversely associated with colorectal cancer risk. IMPACT These results support further investigation of colorectal cancer etiology using composite mineral intake scores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samyukta Swaminath
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Caroline Y Um
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Anna E Prizment
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota.,Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - DeAnn Lazovich
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota.,Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Roberd M Bostick
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia. .,Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
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Westerik N, Reid G, Sybesma W, Kort R. The Probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus for Alleviation of Helicobacter pylori-Associated Gastric Pathology in East Africa. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:1873. [PMID: 30154777 PMCID: PMC6102400 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.01873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) can play a role in establishing a harmless relationship with Helicobacter pylori and reduce gastric pathology in East African populations. H. pylori has the ability to inhabit the surface of the mucous layer of the human stomach and duodenum. In the developing world, an estimated 51% of the population is carrier of H. pylori, while in some Western countries these numbers dropped below 20%, which is probably associated with improved sanitation and smaller family sizes. Colonization by H. pylori can be followed by inflammation of the gastric mucus layer, and is a risk factor in the development of atrophic gastritis, peptic ulcers and gastric cancer. Notwithstanding the higher prevalence of H. pylori carriers in developing countries, no equal overall increase in gastric pathology is found. This has been attributed to a less pro-inflammatory immune response to H. pylori in African compared to Caucasian populations. In addition, a relatively low exposure to other risk factors in certain African populations may play a role, including the use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, smoking, and diets without certain protective factors. A novel approach to the reduction of H. pylori associated gastric pathology is found in the administration of the probiotic bacterium Lactobacillus rhamnosus yoba 2012 (LRY), the generic variant of LGG. This gastro-intestinal isolate inhibits H. pylori by competition for substrate and binding sites as well as production of antimicrobial compounds such as lactic acid. In addition, it attenuates the host's H. pylori-induced apoptosis and inflammation responses and stimulates angiogenesis in the gastric and duodenal epithelium. The probiotic LRY is not able to eradicate H. pylori completely, but its co-supplementation in antibiotic eradication therapy has been shown to relieve side effects of this therapy. In Uganda, unlike other African countries, gastric pathology is relatively common, presumably resulting from the lack of dietary protective factors in the traditional diet. Supplementation with LRY through local production of probiotic yogurt, could be a solution to establish a harmless relationship with H. pylori and reduce gastric pathology and subsequent eradication therapy treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nieke Westerik
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Yoba for Life Foundation, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Gregor Reid
- Canadian R&D Centre for Human Microbiome and Probiotics, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON, Canada
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, and Surgery, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | | | - Remco Kort
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Yoba for Life Foundation, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Microbiology and Systems Biology, Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research, Zeist, Netherlands
- ARTIS-Micropia, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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Treatment Patterns Among Patients with Metastatic and/or Unresectable Gastric Cancer in Brazil. J Gastrointest Cancer 2018; 50:780-793. [PMID: 30078125 DOI: 10.1007/s12029-018-0145-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE In Brazil, patients with gastric cancer have not been systematically followed-up and evaluated, thus data regarding patterns of care and outcomes are scarce or missing. The objective of this study was to evaluate patterns of care of advanced gastric cancer in standard practice in Brazil. METHODS This was an observational, multicenter, retrospective study, which included patients with metastatic and/or unresectable gastric cancer (MGC) who underwent at least one line of treatment. RESULTS We analyzed data on 155 patients diagnosed with MGC, most are men (57.4%), with mean age of 61.9 years at diagnosis, with 99 (63.9%) from the public healthcare system and 56 (36.1%) from the private setting. Platinum- and/or fluoropyrimidine-containing regimens prevailed as first-line therapy, while irinotecan was the most used regimen in the second and in the third lines. More than 40% of patients underwent only one line of systemic therapy, of which around 40% either died during the treatment or went on to best supportive care (BSC) only. The remaining patients received further treatment lines. A fifth of the patients in the study died within two months after discontinuation of the first-line treatment. Adverse events, use of concomitant medications, support procedures, outpatient visits, and hospitalizations were reported for most patients, especially in the first and second lines of treatment and during exclusive BSC. CONCLUSIONS Survival during or after the first-line chemotherapy remains poor among patients with MGC. Adverse events and health resource use were common in the first and second lines of treatment and in exclusive BSC. These results suggest that there is space for improvement in the treatment of MGC in Brazil.
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Knowledge and behaviors regarding salt intake in Mozambique. Eur J Clin Nutr 2018; 72:1690-1699. [PMID: 29588530 DOI: 10.1038/s41430-018-0125-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Revised: 01/20/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Health education and regulatory measures may contribute to lower population salt intake. Therefore, we aimed to describe knowledge and behaviors related to salt intake in Mozambique. SUBJECTS/METHODS A cross-sectional evaluation of a representative sample of the population aged 15-64 years (n = 3116) was conducted in 2014/2015, following the Stepwise Approach to Chronic Disease Risk Factor Surveillance, including a 12-question module for evaluation of dietary salt. RESULTS Three dimensions were identified in the questionnaire, named "self-reported salt intake", "knowledge of health effects of salt intake", and "behaviors for control of salt intake". A total of 7.4% of the participants perceived that they consumed too much/far too much salt and 25.9% reported adding salt/salty seasoning often/always to prepared foods. The proportion considering that it was not important to decrease the salt contents of their diet was 8%, and 16.9% were not aware that high salt intake could be deleterious for health. Prevalences of lack of behaviors for reducing salt intake ranged from 74.9% for not limiting consumption of processed foods, to 95% for not buying low salt alternatives. There were few differences according to socio-demographic variables, but awareness of hypertension was, in general, associated with better knowledge and less frequent behaviors likely to contribute to a high salt intake. CONCLUSIONS Most Mozambicans were aware that high salt intake can cause health problems, but the self-reported salt intake and behaviors for its control show an ample margin for improvement. This study provides evidence to guide population level salt-reducing policies.
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Xia Y, Zhang X, Bo A, Sun J, Li M. Sodium citrate inhibits the proliferation of human gastric adenocarcinoma epithelia cells. Oncol Lett 2018; 15:6622-6628. [PMID: 29616124 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.8111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2016] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of the present study was to investigate the cytotoxic effects of sodium citrate on human gastric adenocarcinoma epithelia AGS cells. Numerous cytotoxicity-associated sodium citrate-induced effects were assessed, including cell viability and proliferation, cytokine expression and caspase activity. In vitro studies demonstrated that incubation with sodium citrate (>3.125 mM) inhibited AGS cell viability and proliferation in a dose-dependent manner. Incubation with sodium citrate for 24 h revealed that the levels of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-8 and tumor necrosis factor increased with an increasing of dose of sodium citrate, whereas the IL-6 levels exhibited only a slight alteration. In addition, increases in caspase-3 and -9 activities were associated with increased duration of treatment and dosage of sodium citrate. Collectively, the results of the present study demonstrated that treatment with sodium citrate at higher concentrations or for longer durations exerts a cytotoxic effect on AGS cells via the induction of the intrinsic apoptosis pathway and the alteration in the levels of certain cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Xia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region 010021, P.R. China.,School of Public Health, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region 010110, P.R. China
| | - Xulong Zhang
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, P.R. China
| | - Agula Bo
- School of Public Health, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region 010110, P.R. China
| | - Juan Sun
- School of Public Health, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region 010110, P.R. China
| | - Minhui Li
- Department of National Medicine, Inner Mongolia Institute of Chinese Medicine, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region 010059, P.R. China
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Burkitt MD, Duckworth CA, Williams JM, Pritchard DM. Helicobacter pylori-induced gastric pathology: insights from in vivo and ex vivo models. Dis Model Mech 2017; 10:89-104. [PMID: 28151409 PMCID: PMC5312008 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.027649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric colonization with Helicobacter pylori induces diverse human pathological conditions, including superficial gastritis, peptic ulcer disease, mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma, and gastric adenocarcinoma and its precursors. The treatment of these conditions often relies on the eradication of H. pylori, an intervention that is increasingly difficult to achieve and that does not prevent disease progression in some contexts. There is, therefore, a pressing need to develop new experimental models of H. pylori-associated gastric pathology to support novel drug development in this field. Here, we review the current status of in vivo and ex vivo models of gastric H. pylori colonization, and of Helicobacter-induced gastric pathology, focusing on models of gastric pathology induced by H. pylori, Helicobacter felis and Helicobacter suis in rodents and large animals. We also discuss the more recent development of gastric organoid cultures from murine and human gastric tissue, as well as from human pluripotent stem cells, and the outcomes of H. pylori infection in these systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael D Burkitt
- Gastroenterology Research Unit, Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GE, UK
| | - Carrie A Duckworth
- Gastroenterology Research Unit, Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GE, UK
| | - Jonathan M Williams
- Pathology and Pathogen Biology, Royal Veterinary College, North Mymms AL9 7TA, UK
| | - D Mark Pritchard
- Gastroenterology Research Unit, Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GE, UK
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Zaidi SF, Ahmed K, Saeed SA, Khan U, Sugiyama T. Can Diet Modulate Helicobacter pylori-associated Gastric Pathogenesis? An Evidence-Based Analysis. Nutr Cancer 2017; 69:979-989. [PMID: 28937799 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2017.1359310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori is involved in the pathogenesis of gastritis, peptic ulcer, and gastric cancer. The infection is prevalent in more than half of the world's population. Although the infection may lead to detrimental consequences, still the majority of the infected individuals only develop mild gastritis. Several factors are behind this paradoxical outcome including virulence of the infecting H. pylori strains, genetic background of the host, and factors related to lifestyle such as dietary habits. Among these, lifestyle including dietary factors was not in the limelight, until recently, as one of the important factors that could modulate H. pylori-linked gastric diseases. This review is directed to gather and elucidate the role of dietary components in augmenting or attenuating pathological processes initiated by H. pylori. Available evidence strongly supports the notion that the diet may play a critical role in defining the final outcome of H. pylori infection particularly if certain dietary components are taken on a regular basis for a long time. Despite a recent surge in research related to the role of dietary ingredients, further studies involving large-scale clinical trials are required to gain a better understanding of the precise role played by the dietary ingredients in H. pylori-associated pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Faisal Zaidi
- a Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine , King Saud bin Abdulaziz University of Health Sciences , Jeddah , Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Kanwal Ahmed
- a Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine , King Saud bin Abdulaziz University of Health Sciences , Jeddah , Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Sheikh Abdul Saeed
- a Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine , King Saud bin Abdulaziz University of Health Sciences , Jeddah , Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Usmanghani Khan
- b Faculty of Pharmacy , Jinnah University for Women , Karachi , Pakistan
| | - Toshiro Sugiyama
- c Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine , University of Toyama , Toyama , Japan
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