• Biomarker
• Diagnosis
• Hepatocellular carcinoma
• Serum
• tRF-23-R9J89O9N9
• tRNA-derived small RNAs

• Humans
• Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/diagnosis
• Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/blood
• Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/genetics
• Liver Neoplasms/diagnosis
• Liver Neoplasms/blood
• Liver Neoplasms/genetics
• Biomarkers, Tumor/blood
• Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
• Male
• Female
• Middle Aged
• Liquid Biopsy
• Prognosis
• Aged

Gastric cancer (GC) has a high mortality rate, and robust diagnostic biomarkers are currently lacking. However, the clinical relevance of circular RNAs (circRNAs) as GC biomarkers remains largely unexplored.

To evaluate the potential of novel circRNA circ_0004592 in the early screening and prognosis of GC.

High-throughput sequencing of circRNAs was performed to screen for potential target molecules. Circ_0004592 expression was examined in GC tissues, cells, and plasma. Plasma samples were collected from healthy subjects’ patients, as well as from patients with benign lesions, precancerous lesions, and GC, whereafter the diagnostic accuracy of circ_0004592 was evaluated. The correlation between circ_0004592 levels in plasma and clinicopathological data of patients with GC was further analyzed.

Circ_0004592 was upregulated in both the tissue and plasma of patients with GC. Further, circ_0004592 expression was higher in patients with precancerous lesions than in healthy controls while being highest in patients with GC. In the same patient, the postoperative plasma level of circ_0004592 was lower than that in the preoperative period. Moreover, circ_0004592 level was significantly correlated with tumor differentiation, tumor depth, and lymph node metastasis. The area under the curve (AUC) of plasma circ_0004592 exhibited high sensitivity and specificity for differentiating patients with GC from healthy donors. Diagnosis based on circ_0004592, carcinoembryonic antigen, and cancer antigen 199 achieved a superior AUC and was highly sensitive.

Plasma circ_0004592 may represent a potential non-invasive auxiliary diagnostic biomarker for patients with GC.

• Biomarker
• Circular RNA
• Diagnosis
• Gastric cancer
• Plasma

• Biomarker
• Circular RNA
• Diagnosis
• Gastric cancer
• Plasma

• Biomarker
• Gastric cancer
• Liquid biopsy

• 2017R1A5A2015541 National Research Foundation of Korea

• Biomarkers
• Meta-analysis
• Pancreatic cancer
• Prognosis
• Surgery
• Systematic review

Gastric cancer (GC) remains a leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Less than half of GC cases are diagnosed at an advanced stage due to its lack of early symptoms. GC is a heterogeneous disease associated with a number of genetic and somatic mutations. Early detection and effective monitoring of tumor progression are essential for reducing GC disease burden and mortality. The current widespread use of semi-invasive endoscopic methods and radiologic approaches has increased the number of treatable cancers: However, these approaches are invasive, costly, and time-consuming. Thus, novel molecular noninvasive tests that detect GC alterations seem to be more sensitive and specific compared to the current methods. Recent technological advances have enabled the detection of blood-based biomarkers that could be used as diagnostic indicators and for monitoring postsurgical minimal residual disease. These biomarkers include circulating DNA, RNA, extracellular vesicles, and proteins, and their clinical applications are currently being investigated. The identification of ideal diagnostic markers for GC that have high sensitivity and specificity would improve survival rates and contribute to the advancement of precision medicine. This review provides an overview of current topics regarding the novel, recently developed diagnostic markers for GC.

• Gastric cancer
• Diagnostic biomarkers
• Early detection
• Liquid biopsy

• Humans
• Stomach Neoplasms/diagnosis
• Stomach Neoplasms/genetics
• Stomach Neoplasms/metabolism
• Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
• Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism
• Early Detection of Cancer/methods
• Cell-Free Nucleic Acids

• extracellular vesicle
• gastric cancer
• lncrna-gc1
• neoadjuvant chemotherapy

• Humans
• Stomach Neoplasms/drug therapy
• Stomach Neoplasms/genetics
• Neoadjuvant Therapy
• RNA, Long Noncoding/genetics
• Cohort Studies
• Disease-Free Survival

Gastric cancer (GC) poses a serious threat worldwide with unfavorable prognosis mainly due to late diagnosis and limited therapies. Therefore, precise molecular classification and search for potential targets are required for diagnosis and treatment, as GC is complicated and heterogeneous in nature. Accumulating evidence indicates that epigenetics plays a vital role in gastric carcinogenesis and progression, including histone modifications, DNA methylation and non-coding RNAs. Epigenetic biomarkers and drugs are currently under intensive evaluations to ensure efficient clinical utility in GC. In this review, key epigenetic alterations and related functions and mechanisms are summarized in GC. We focus on integration of existing epigenetic findings in GC for the bench-to-bedside translation of some pivotal epigenetic alterations into clinical practice and also describe the vacant field waiting for investigation.

• Gastric cancer
• Epigenetics
• Histone modifications
• DNA methylation
• Non-coding RNAs

• biological functions
• biomarker
• gastric cancer
• non-coding RNAs
• targeted therapy

Gastric cancer (GC) is a common cancer. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) regulate the pathogenesis of GC. This study aims to explore its potential as a GC biomarker.

The expression of hsa_circ_0006470 in GC tissues and GC cell lines was measured by quantitative reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction. The diagnostic value of hsa_circ_0006470 was estimated by the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve.

Compared with adjacent normal tissues, the expression of hsa_circ_0006470 in GC tissues was significantly lower. The expression levels of hsa_circ_0006470 in different TNM stages and different invasion degrees were significantly different. The area under the ROC curve was 0.783, with sensitivity and specificity 0.725 and 0.750, respectively.

Hsa_circ_0006470 has a high value as a diagnostic biomarker for GC.

• biomarker
• circular RNA
• diagnosis
• gastric cancer
• hsa_circ_0006470

• Biomarker
• Gastric cancer
• Long noncoding RNA
• Malignant transformation

Background: Mounting evidence has demonstrated that circular RNA (circRNA) plays crucial roles in the occurrence and development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the expression pattern and clinical application value of plasma circRNA in HCC are still largely unknown. Herein, we explored the role of plasma hsa_circ_0005397 in diagnosis and prognosis of HCC.

Methods: The expression level of plasma hsa_circ_0005397 was measured by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). The identification and origin of plasma hsa_circ_0005397 were confirmed by RNase R assay, Sanger sequencing and HCC cell culture. In addition, its diagnostic value was assessed by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and prognostic value was evaluated by dynamics monitoring and Kaplan–Meier curve analyses in HCC patients.

Results: The expression of plasma hsa_circ_0005397 was higher in patients with HCC than that in patients with benign liver diseases and healthy controls (both p < 0.05). Moreover, it was closely correlated with tumor size (p = 0.020) and TNM stage (p = 0.006) of HCC patients. The area under the ROC curve of plasma hsa_circ_0005397 was 0.737 and 95% confidence interval was 0.671–0.795. Furthermore, the combination of plasma hsa_cic_0005397, serum AFP and AFP-L3 could improve the diagnostic sensitivity of HCC. Additionally, dynamic monitoring plasma hsa_cic_0005397 might help us predict recurrence or metastasis in HCC patients after surgical resection. Besides, the increased plasma hsa_cic_0005397 was closely correlated with shorter overall survival of HCC patients (p = 0.007).

Conclusion: Plasma has_circ_0005397 represents a novel noninvasive biomarker for HCC. Moreover, the combination of plasma hsa_cic_0005397, serum AFP and AFP-L3 might improve the diagnostic value for HCC.

• alpha-fetoprotein
• biomarker
• circular RNA
• hepatocellular carcinoma
• hsa_circ_0005397

• biomarker
• circulating
• diagnose
• digestive system cancers
• lncRNAs
• meta-analysis

• Biomarkers, Tumor
• Cell-Free Nucleic Acids
• Digestive System Neoplasms/blood
• Digestive System Neoplasms/diagnosis
• Digestive System Neoplasms/genetics
• Humans
• Liquid Biopsy/methods
• Liquid Biopsy/standards
• RNA, Long Noncoding
• Reproducibility of Results
• Sensitivity and Specificity

• Cancer treatment
• Chemoresistance
• Early diagnosis
• Gastric cancer
• LncRNA
• Precision medicine

• Animals
• Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use
• Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
• Disease Progression
• Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/genetics
• Humans
• Precision Medicine
• RNA, Untranslated/genetics
• RNA, Untranslated/metabolism
• Stomach Neoplasms/diagnosis
• Stomach Neoplasms/drug therapy
• Stomach Neoplasms/genetics

• National Natural Science Foundation of China
• Zhejiang Chinese Medical University
• Zhejiang Provincial Science and Technology Projects
• Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province
• Zhejiang Provincial Medical and Healthy Science and Technology Projects
• Program of Zhejiang Provincial TCM Sci-tech Plan

• biomarker
• diagnosis
• exosomes
• gastric cancer
• long noncoding RNA

• Gastric cancer
• NET1
• RhoA
• ceRNA
• lncRNA CTC-497E21.4
• miR-22

Solitary pulmonary nodules (SPNs) is a common radiographic finding and require further evaluation because of the possibility of lung cancer. This study aimed to determine the sensitivity and specificity of circulating tumour cells (CTCs) as a marker for the diagnosis of SPNs and the integration of CTCs, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and imaging findings to improve the sensitivity and specificity of diagnosis in patients with SPNs suspected of being lung cancer.

For the serum biomarker assay, the concentration of CEA was measured by an automated electrochemiluminescence analyzer. CTCs were collected from 6 ml of blood by the SE i-FISH method, which detects the gene copy number in eight chromosomes and the tumour-associated antigen CK18.

With a threshold of 6 CTC units, the method showed a sensitivity of 67.1% and a specificity of 56.5% in the diagnosis of NSCLC, especially in the upper lobe, in which the diagnostic strength was the highest (P < 0.01). CTCs, CEA and nodule type had the highest diagnostic efficacy (area under the curve, 0.827; 95% confidence interval, 0.752–0.901) in patients with SPNs being suspected lung cancer. Combining CTCs (cut-off value 12 units) with CEA (1.78 ng/ml), the method showed a sensitivity of 77.8% and a specificity of 90% in the diagnosis of NSCLC, especially in the upper lobe, subsolid nodules and nodules ≥8 mm.

Our results demonstrated that CTCs are feasible diagnostic biomarkers in patients with SPNs, especially in the upper lobe. Furthermore, CTCs combined with CEA showed higher diagnostic efficacy in the upper lobe, subsolid nodules and nodules ≥8 mm.

• CEA
• Circulating tumour cells
• Lung cancer
• Management
• Solitary pulmonary nodules

Gastric cancer (GC) is the third most common cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Advanced diagnosis and high rates of relapse and metastasis are associated with the poor prognosis of this disease. GC has a complex etiopathogenesis of which the underlying mechanisms remain to be explored. Studies on circular RNAs (circRNAs), noncoding RNAs that may be potential targets in GC, have made substantial progress over the past few years. CircRNAs exert important effects on the onset and progression of GC. Hence, this article aims to summarize the findings of recent studies of circRNAs related to GC and to describe the underlying mechanisms and potential applications. The findings indicate that circRNAs participate in GC regulation, proliferation, invasion, and metastasis through regulating microRNAs, proteins, genes, and signaling pathways. In addition, dysregulated circRNAs may be used as novel diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers or therapeutic targets. This review is expected to facilitate a better understanding of GC, and it suggests novel circRNA-based methods to inhibit or prevent GC.

• biomarkers
• circular RNA
• diagnosis
• gastric cancer
• prognosis

• body fluids
• liquid biopsy
• long noncoding RNAs
• microRNAs
• noncoding RNAs
• piRNAs

• . Estate of C. G. Johnson, Jr
• year 2018 Fulbright Research Scholarships (year 2018)
• . UPR/MDACC Partnership for Excellence in Cancer Research 2016 Pilot Project
• #CA096297 U54
• n° D15D18000410001 Ministero dell'Istruzione, dell'Università e della Ricerca - MIUR project "Dipartimenti di Eccellenza 2018 - 2022"
• 2017 grant Sister Institution Network Fund (SINF)
• CA160445P1 Team DOD
• UH3TR00943-01 NIH HHS
• 1R01 CA182905-01 NCI NIH HHS
• CA17118 COST action STSM fellowship
• #CA096300 U54
• U54 CA096297 NCI NIH HHS
• . Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Moonshot Flagship project
• rif 2018.0648 Fondazione CRT
• U54 CA096300 NCI NIH HHS
• 1R01CA222007-01A1 NCI NIH HHS
• 1R01GM122775-01 NIGMS NIH HHS

• Drug resistance
• Epithelial-mesenchymal transition
• Gastric cancer
• Metastasis
• Noncoding RNAs
• Therapy

Gastric cancer (GC) is the fourth most frequent malignancy all over the world. The diagnosis of GC is challenging and the prognosis of GC is very unfavorable. Accumulating evidence reveals that serum long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) can function as biomarkers in various types of cancers, including GC.

To explore the level and molecular mechanism of the lncRNA HOXA11-AS in GC and the diagnostic and prognostic significance of serum HOXA11-AS in GC.

HOXA11-AS levels in GC tissue, cell lines, and serum samples were measured. The correlation between HOXA11-AS expression and clinicopathological characteristics was analyzed. The role of HOXA11-AS in the diagnosis and prognosis of GC was evaluated. Cell function assays were performed for exploration of the roles of HOXA11-AS in GC cells. Moreover, Western blot was performed to explore the target regulated by HOXA11-AS in GC cells.

Up-regulation of HOXA11-AS was found in GC tissues, cell lines, and serum samples. In GC patients, decreased serum HOXA11-AS levels were negatively related with tumor size, TNM stage, and lymph node metastasis. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of serum HOXA11-AS in the diagnosis of GC was 0.924 (95%CI: 0.881-0.967; sensitivity, 0.787; specificity 0.978). Results of the Kaplan-Meier survival curves suggested the GC patients with a lower HOXA11-AS level having a better overall survival rate. HOXA11-AS promoted GC cell proliferation and invasion. SRSF1 may be the target regulated by HOXA11-AS in GC cells.

HOXA11-AS promotes GC cell proliferation and invasion via SRSF1 and may function as a promising marker in GC.

• Long noncoding RNA
• HOXA11-AS
• SRSF1
• Gastric cancer
• Biomarker

• Adult
• Aged
• Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
• Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism
• Case-Control Studies
• Cell Line, Tumor
• Cell Movement/genetics
• Cell Proliferation/genetics
• Cell-Free Nucleic Acids/blood
• Cell-Free Nucleic Acids/metabolism
• Female
• Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
• Healthy Volunteers
• Humans
• Kaplan-Meier Estimate
• Male
• Middle Aged
• Neoplasm Invasiveness/genetics
• Prognosis
• RNA, Long Noncoding/blood
• RNA, Long Noncoding/metabolism
• Serine-Arginine Splicing Factors/genetics
• Stomach/pathology
• Stomach Neoplasms/blood
• Stomach Neoplasms/genetics
• Stomach Neoplasms/mortality
• Survival Rate
• Up-Regulation