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1
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Martinez P, Sabatier JM. Rethinking corticosteroids use in oncology. Front Pharmacol 2025; 16:1551111. [PMID: 40206059 PMCID: PMC11979161 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2025.1551111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2025] [Indexed: 04/11/2025] Open
Abstract
Corticosteroids (CSs), widely used in oncology for their anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive properties, help manage cancer-related symptoms and side effects. However, their long-term use may negatively affect patient survival and exacerbate tumor progression. Elevated glucose and glutamine metabolism, disruption of vitamin D levels, and alterations in the microbiome are some of the key factors contributing to these adverse outcomes. Approaches such as ketogenic diets, fasting, sartans, and vitamin D supplementation have shown promise in providing similar benefits to CSs while mitigating the risks associated with the mechanisms identified as contributing to tumor progression. This perspective underscores the necessity for a reevaluation of CSs use in cancer care and advocates for further research into safer, more effective therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jean-Marc Sabatier
- Institut de NeuroPhysiopathologie (INP), CNRS UMR 7051, Marseille, France
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2
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Misnikova I, Kovaleva Y, Shokur S, LeBaron TW, Povarova O, Medvedev O. Hydrogen and Methane Detection in Breath in Response to Two Different Types of Dietary Fiber and Its Relationship to Postprandial Glucose Concentration in Obese Patients with Type 2 Diabetes and Normoglycemic Subjects. Nutrients 2025; 17:917. [PMID: 40077785 PMCID: PMC11902166 DOI: 10.3390/nu17050917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2024] [Revised: 03/02/2025] [Accepted: 03/03/2025] [Indexed: 03/14/2025] Open
Abstract
Background: The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between postprandial glycemic levels based on flashmonitoring and the production of intestinal hydrogen (H2) and methane (CH4) gases based on the measurement of the amount of these gases in exhaled air. Materials and Methods: We studied 14 subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and 14 individuals without diabetes (control) with two food load tests, including two types of dietary fiber (inulin and guar gum), with the simultaneous determination of gases in exhaled air and the assessment of glucose levels. Results: All subjects in the control group had a significant increase in exhaled H2. OR for increased hydrogen production in patients with T2DM was 0.17 (95% CI 0.031-0.93, p = 0.043). The level of H2 in exhaled breath after food load in patients with T2DM was lower than in normoglycemic subjects. There was an inverse correlation between maximum glucose rise and maximum H2 in exhaled air after food load in normoglycemic subjects (r = -0.569, p = 0.034). Patients with T2DM had direct correlations between the level of CH4 in exhaled air and the parameters of postprandial glycemia in the lactulose test (p < 0.05). Conclusions: The confirmation of a causal relationship between decreased H2 production, increased intestinal CH4 production, and more severe postprandial glycemia may identify new therapeutic targets in the correction of postprandial glycemia in patients with T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inna Misnikova
- M.F. Vladimirski Moscow Regional Research and Clinical Institute, Schepkina 61/2, 129110 Moscow, Russia; (I.M.); (Y.K.)
| | - Yulia Kovaleva
- M.F. Vladimirski Moscow Regional Research and Clinical Institute, Schepkina 61/2, 129110 Moscow, Russia; (I.M.); (Y.K.)
| | - Svetlana Shokur
- M.F. Vladimirski Moscow Regional Research and Clinical Institute, Schepkina 61/2, 129110 Moscow, Russia; (I.M.); (Y.K.)
| | - Tyler W. LeBaron
- Department of Kinesiology and Outdoor Recreation, Southern Utah University, Cedar City, UT 84720, USA;
- Molecular Hydrogen Institute, Enoch, UT 84721, USA
| | - Oxana Povarova
- Department of Pharmacology, M. V Lomonosov Moscow State University, Lomonosovsky Prospect 27-1, 119991 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Oleg Medvedev
- Department of Pharmacology, M. V Lomonosov Moscow State University, Lomonosovsky Prospect 27-1, 119991 Moscow, Russia;
- National Medical Research Center of Cardiology, Laboratory of Experimental Pharmacology, Academician Chazov Str., 15a, 121552 Moscow, Russia
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3
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Kuehnast T, Kumpitsch C, Mohammadzadeh R, Weichhart T, Moissl‐Eichinger C, Heine H. Exploring the human archaeome: its relevance for health and disease, and its complex interplay with the human immune system. FEBS J 2025; 292:1316-1329. [PMID: 38555566 PMCID: PMC11927051 DOI: 10.1111/febs.17123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
This Review aims to coalesce existing knowledge on the human archaeome, a less-studied yet critical non-bacterial component of the human microbiome, with a focus on its interaction with the immune system. Despite a largely bacteria-centric focus in microbiome research, archaea present unique challenges and opportunities for understanding human health. We examine the archaeal distribution across different human body sites, such as the lower gastrointestinal tract (LGT), upper aerodigestive tract (UAT), urogenital tract (UGT), and skin. Variability in archaeal composition exists between sites; methanogens dominate the LGT, while Nitrososphaeria are prevalent on the skin and UAT. Archaea have yet to be classified as pathogens but show associations with conditions such as refractory sinusitis and vaginosis. In the LGT, methanogenic archaea play critical metabolic roles by converting bacterial end-products into methane, correlating with various health conditions, including obesity and certain cancers. Finally, this work looks at the complex interactions between archaea and the human immune system at the molecular level. Recent research has illuminated the roles of specific archaeal molecules, such as RNA and glycerolipids, in stimulating immune responses via innate immune receptors like Toll-like receptor 8 (TLR8) and 'C-type lectin domain family 4 member E' (CLEC4E; also known as MINCLE). Additionally, metabolic by-products of archaea, specifically methane, have demonstrated immunomodulatory effects through anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative pathways. Despite these advancements, the mechanistic underpinnings of how archaea influence immune activity remain a fertile area for further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Torben Kuehnast
- D&R Institute for Hygiene, Microbiology and Environmental MedicineMedical University of GrazAustria
| | - Christina Kumpitsch
- D&R Institute for Hygiene, Microbiology and Environmental MedicineMedical University of GrazAustria
| | - Rokhsareh Mohammadzadeh
- D&R Institute for Hygiene, Microbiology and Environmental MedicineMedical University of GrazAustria
| | - Thomas Weichhart
- Institute of Medical GeneticsMedical University of ViennaAustria
| | - Christine Moissl‐Eichinger
- D&R Institute for Hygiene, Microbiology and Environmental MedicineMedical University of GrazAustria
- BioTechMed GrazAustria
| | - Holger Heine
- Research Center Borstel – Leibniz Lung CenterDivision of Innate Immunity, Airway Research Center North (ARCN), German Center for Lung Research (DZL)BorstelGermany
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4
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Li X, Mu C, Wu H, Zoetendal EG, Huang R, Yu K, Zhu W. Superior ability of dietary fiber utilization in obese breed pigs linked to gut microbial hydrogenotrophy. ISME COMMUNICATIONS 2025; 5:ycaf043. [PMID: 40144402 PMCID: PMC11937827 DOI: 10.1093/ismeco/ycaf043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2024] [Revised: 01/21/2025] [Accepted: 03/03/2025] [Indexed: 03/28/2025]
Abstract
Dietary fiber is widely recognized for its benefits to human health. Individual variations in the ability to degrade dietary fiber are influenced by the gut microbiome that may be associated with the host's metabolic phenotype and genetic diversity. This is exemplified by the distinct fiber digestibility observed in obese (e.g. Meishan) and lean-breed (e.g. Yorkshire) pigs. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. The present study found that with the same diet under the same environment, the obese-type Meishan pigs showed greater dietary fiber digestibility and harbored higher abundances of polysaccharide-degrading bacteria (Bacteroides, Treponema, and Paraprevotella) compared to lean-type Yorkshire pigs. Metatranscriptomic profiling revealed that the elevated presence of Bacteroides contributed to the enrichment of carbohydrate-active enzymes, particularly those degrading arabinoxylan, indicating a preference for arabinoxylan as a substrate in Meishan pigs. Further enzymatic-product measurements, combined with microbial enzyme profiles, validated greater microbial conversion of xylose into short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in Meishan pigs. Additionally, higher abundances of hydrogenotrophic microbes (Methanobrevibacter and Blautia) were detected in the Meishan gut, along with the enrichment of methanogenesis and acetogenesis pathways. To determine whether methanogenesis drives inter-breed variation in arabinoxylan degradation, an in vitro experiment using the methanogen inhibitor, 2-bromoethanesulfonate (BES) was performed. The results confirmed that Meishan gut microbiome effectively reduced hydrogen accumulation through methanogenesis, promoting arabinoxylan degradation. Conversely, inhibiting methanogenesis by BES led to hydrogen accumulation, reduced SCFAs, β-xylosidase activity, and Bacteroides abundances. These findings demonstrate that the Meishan pigs have a superior ability of dietary fiber utilization with greater microbial conversion to more SCFAs, which is linked to stronger hydrogenotrophic methanogenesis. This study reinforces the role of gut microbial hydrogenotrophy in dietary fiber utilization in pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Li
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, College of Animal Science & Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
- National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
| | - Chunlong Mu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Haiqin Wu
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, College of Animal Science & Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
- National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
| | - Erwin G Zoetendal
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, College of Animal Science & Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
- National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen 6700 HB, The Netherlands
| | - Ruihua Huang
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, College of Animal Science & Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
- National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
| | - Kaifan Yu
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, College of Animal Science & Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
- National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
| | - Weiyun Zhu
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, College of Animal Science & Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
- National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
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Flori L, Benedetti G, Martelli A, Calderone V. Microbiota alterations associated with vascular diseases: postbiotics as a next-generation magic bullet for gut-vascular axis. Pharmacol Res 2024; 207:107334. [PMID: 39103131 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2024.107334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2024] [Revised: 07/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024]
Abstract
The intestinal microbiota represents a key element in maintaining the homeostasis and health conditions of the host. Vascular pathologies and other risk factors such as aging have been recently associated with dysbiosis. The qualitative and quantitative alteration of the intestinal microbiota hinders correct metabolic homeostasis, causing structural and functional changes of the intestinal wall itself. Impairment of the intestinal microbiota, combined with the reduction of the barrier function, worsen the pathological scenarios of peripheral tissues over time, including the vascular one. Several experimental evidence, collected in this review, describes in detail the changes of the intestinal microbiota in dysbiosis associated with vascular alterations, such as atherosclerosis, hypertension, and endothelial dysfunction, the resulting metabolic disorders and how these can impact on vascular health. In this context, the gut-vascular axis is considered, for the first time, as a merged unit involved in the development and progression of vascular pathologies and as a promising target. Current approaches for the management of dysbiosis such as probiotics, prebiotics and dietary modifications act mainly on the intestinal district. Postbiotics, described as preparation of inanimate microorganisms and/or their components that confers health benefits on the host, represent an innovative strategy for a dual management of intestinal dysbiosis and vascular pathologies. In this context, this review has the further purpose of defining the positive effects of the supplementation of bacterial strains metabolites (short‑chain fatty acids, exopolysaccharides, lipoteichoic acids, gallic acid, and protocatechuic acid) restoring intestinal homeostasis and acting directly on the vascular district through the gut-vascular axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Flori
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, via Bonanno, Pisa 6-56120, Italy.
| | - Giada Benedetti
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, via Bonanno, Pisa 6-56120, Italy.
| | - Alma Martelli
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, via Bonanno, Pisa 6-56120, Italy; Interdepartmental Research Center Nutrafood "Nutraceuticals and Food for Health", University of Pisa, Pisa 56120, Italy; Interdepartmental Research Centre of Ageing Biology and Pathology, University of Pisa, Pisa 56120, Italy.
| | - Vincenzo Calderone
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, via Bonanno, Pisa 6-56120, Italy; Interdepartmental Research Center Nutrafood "Nutraceuticals and Food for Health", University of Pisa, Pisa 56120, Italy; Interdepartmental Research Centre of Ageing Biology and Pathology, University of Pisa, Pisa 56120, Italy.
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Mehravar S, Takakura W, Wang J, Pimentel M, Nasser J, Rezaie A. Symptom Profile of Patients With Intestinal Methanogen Overgrowth: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2024:S1542-3565(24)00716-X. [PMID: 39147218 DOI: 10.1016/j.cgh.2024.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 07/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Archaea constitute one of the main 3 domains of the tree of life, distinct from eukaryotes and bacteria. Excessive luminal loads of methanogenic archaea (intestinal methanogen overgrowth [IMO]) have been implicated in the pathophysiology of various diseases, including constipation. To elucidate the phenotypical presentation of IMO, we performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of the prevalence and severity of gastrointestinal symptoms in subjects with IMO as compared with subjects without IMO. METHODS Electronic databases, including OVID MEDLINE and Cochrane Database from inception until September 2023, were systematically searched. Prevalence rates, odds ratios (ORs), standardized mean difference (SMD), and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of symptoms were calculated. RESULTS Nineteen studies were included (1293 patients with IMO and 3208 controls). Patients with IMO exhibited various gastrointestinal symptoms, including bloating (78%), constipation (51%), diarrhea (33%), abdominal pain (65%), nausea (30%), and flatulence (56%). Patients with IMO had a significantly higher prevalence of constipation as compared with controls (47% vs 38%; OR, 2.04; 95% CI, 1.48-2.83; P < .0001) along with lower prevalence of diarrhea (37% vs 52%; OR, 0.58; 95% CI, 0.37-0.90; P = .01) and nausea (32% vs 45%; OR, 0.75; 95% CI, 0.60-0.94; P = .01). Patients with IMO had higher severity of constipation (SMD, 0.77; 95% CI, 0.11-1.43; P = .02) and lower severity of diarrhea (SMD, -0.71; 95% CI, -1.39 to -0.03; P = .04). Significant heterogeneity was detected. CONCLUSION Patients with IMO exhibit a higher rate and severity of constipation along with lower rate and severity of diarrhea. The distinct phenotype of patients with IMO should be incorporated in patient-reported outcome measures and further correlated with mechanistic microbiome studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sepideh Mehravar
- Medically Associated Science and Technology (MAST) Program, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Will Takakura
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Jiajing Wang
- Medically Associated Science and Technology (MAST) Program, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Mark Pimentel
- Medically Associated Science and Technology (MAST) Program, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California; Karsh Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai, Los Angeles, California
| | - Jason Nasser
- Medically Associated Science and Technology (MAST) Program, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California; Karsh Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai, Los Angeles, California
| | - Ali Rezaie
- Medically Associated Science and Technology (MAST) Program, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California; Karsh Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai, Los Angeles, California.
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7
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Kitaghenda FK, Hong J, Shao Y, Yao L, Zhu X. The Prevalence of Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth After Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass (RYGB): a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Obes Surg 2024; 34:250-257. [PMID: 38062344 DOI: 10.1007/s11695-023-06974-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
We reviewed the literature on the prevalence of small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB). Eight studies examining 893 patients were included. The mean age of the patients was 48.11 ± 4.89 years. The mean BMI before surgery and at the time of SIBO diagnosis was 44.57 ± 2.89 kg/m2 and 31.53 ± 2.29 kg/m2, respectively. Moreover, the results showed a 29% and 53% prevalence of SIBO at < 3-year and > 3-year follow-up after RYGB, respectively. Symptoms included abdominal pain, diarrhea, bloating, nausea, vomiting, constipation, soft stool, frequent defecation, flatulence, rumpling, dumping syndrome, and irritable bowel syndrome. SIBO is prevalent after RYGB; digestive symptoms should prompt the consideration of SIBO as a potential etiology. Antibiotic therapy has proven to be therapeutic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fidele Kakule Kitaghenda
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221002, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Hong
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221002, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Shao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221002, People's Republic of China
| | - Libin Yao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221002, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiaocheng Zhu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221002, People's Republic of China.
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8
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Novikova PV, Bhanu Busi S, Probst AJ, May P, Wilmes P. Functional prediction of proteins from the human gut archaeome. ISME COMMUNICATIONS 2024; 4:ycad014. [PMID: 38486809 PMCID: PMC10939349 DOI: 10.1093/ismeco/ycad014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
The human gastrointestinal tract contains diverse microbial communities, including archaea. Among them, Methanobrevibacter smithii represents a highly active and clinically relevant methanogenic archaeon, being involved in gastrointestinal disorders, such as inflammatory bowel disease and obesity. Herein, we present an integrated approach using sequence and structure information to improve the annotation of M. smithii proteins using advanced protein structure prediction and annotation tools, such as AlphaFold2, trRosetta, ProFunc, and DeepFri. Of an initial set of 873 481 archaeal proteins, we found 707 754 proteins exclusively present in the human gut. Having analysed archaeal proteins together with 87 282 994 bacterial proteins, we identified unique archaeal proteins and archaeal-bacterial homologs. We then predicted and characterized functional domains and structures of 73 unique and homologous archaeal protein clusters linked the human gut and M. smithii. We refined annotations based on the predicted structures, extending existing sequence similarity-based annotations. We identified gut-specific archaeal proteins that may be involved in defense mechanisms, virulence, adhesion, and the degradation of toxic substances. Interestingly, we identified potential glycosyltransferases that could be associated with N-linked and O-glycosylation. Additionally, we found preliminary evidence for interdomain horizontal gene transfer between Clostridia species and M. smithii, which includes sporulation Stage V proteins AE and AD. Our study broadens the understanding of archaeal biology, particularly M. smithii, and highlights the importance of considering both sequence and structure for the prediction of protein function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Polina V Novikova
- Systems Ecology, Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette L-4362, Luxembourg
| | - Susheel Bhanu Busi
- Systems Ecology, Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette L-4362, Luxembourg
- UK Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Wallingford, OX10 8 BB, United Kingdom
| | - Alexander J Probst
- Environmental Metagenomics, Department of Chemistry, Research Center One Health Ruhr of the University Alliance Ruhr, for Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology, University Duisburg-Essen, Duisburg 47057, Germany
| | - Patrick May
- Bioinformatics Core, Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette L-4362, Luxembourg
| | - Paul Wilmes
- Systems Ecology, Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette L-4362, Luxembourg
- Department of Life Sciences and Medicine, Faculty of Science, Technology and Medicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette L-4362, Luxembourg
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9
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Wielgosz-Grochowska JP, Domanski N, Drywień ME. Influence of Body Composition and Specific Anthropometric Parameters on SIBO Type. Nutrients 2023; 15:4035. [PMID: 37764818 PMCID: PMC10535553 DOI: 10.3390/nu15184035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent observations have shown that Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth (SIBO)affects the host through various mechanisms. While both weight loss and obesity have been reported in the SIBO population due to alterations in the gut microbiome, very little is known about the influence of SIBO type on body composition. This study aimed to evaluate whether there is a link between the three types of SIBO: methane dominant (M+), hydrogen dominant (H+), and methane-hydrogen dominant (H+/M+) and specific anthropometric parameters. This observational study included 67 participants (W = 53, M = 14) with gastrointestinal symptoms and SIBO confirmed by lactulose hydrogen-methane breath tests (LHMBTs) using the QuinTron device. Participants underwent a body composition assessment by Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis (BIA) using the InBody Analyzer. In the H+/M+ group, body weight (p = 0.010), BMI (p = 0.001), body fat in kg (p = 0.009), body fat in % (p = 0.040), visceral fat (p = 0.002), and mineral bone content (p = 0.049) showed an inverse correlation with hydrogen (H2) gas production. These findings suggest that body weight, BMI, body fat, and mineral bone content may be inversely linked to the production of hydrogen and the risk of hydrogen-methane SIBO.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nicole Domanski
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada;
| | - Małgorzata Ewa Drywień
- Department of Human Nutrition, Institute of Human Nutrition Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland;
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10
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Volmer JG, McRae H, Morrison M. The evolving role of methanogenic archaea in mammalian microbiomes. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1268451. [PMID: 37727289 PMCID: PMC10506414 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1268451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Methanogenic archaea (methanogens) represent a diverse group of microorganisms that inhabit various environmental and host-associated microbiomes. These organisms play an essential role in global carbon cycling given their ability to produce methane, a potent greenhouse gas, as a by-product of their energy production. Recent advances in culture-independent and -dependent studies have highlighted an increased prevalence of methanogens in the host-associated microbiome of diverse animal species. Moreover, there is increasing evidence that methanogens, and/or the methane they produce, may play a substantial role in human health and disease. This review addresses the expanding host-range and the emerging view of host-specific adaptations in methanogen biology and ecology, and the implications for host health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- James G. Volmer
- Centre for Microbiome Research, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
| | - Harley McRae
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland Frazer Institute, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
| | - Mark Morrison
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland Frazer Institute, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
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11
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Meiller L, Sauvinet V, Breyton AE, Ranaivo H, Machon C, Mialon A, Meynier A, Bischoff SC, Walter J, Neyrinck AM, Laville M, Delzenne NM, Vinoy S, Nazare JA. Metabolic signature of 13C-labeled wheat bran consumption related to gut fermentation in humans: a pilot study. Eur J Nutr 2023; 62:2633-2648. [PMID: 37222787 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-023-03161-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this pilot study was to analyze concomitantly the kinetics of production of 13C-labeled gut-derived metabolites from 13C-labeled wheat bran in three biological matrices (breath, plasma, stools), in order to assess differential fermentation profiles among subjects. METHODS Six healthy women consumed a controlled breakfast containing 13C-labeled wheat bran biscuits. H2, CH4 and 13CO2, 13CH4 24 h-concentrations in breath were measured, respectively, by gas chromatography (GC) and GC-isotope ratio mass spectrometry (GC-IRMS). Plasma and fecal concentrations of 13C-short-chain fatty acids (linear SCFAs: acetate, propionate, butyrate, valerate; branched SCFAs: isobutyrate, isovalerate) were quantified using GC-combustion-IRMS. Gut microbiota composition was assessed by16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis. RESULTS H2 and CH4 24 h-kinetics distinguished two groups in terms of fermentation-related gas excretion: high-CH4 producers vs low-CH4 producers (fasting concentrations: 45.3 ± 13.6 ppm vs 6.5 ± 3.6 ppm). Expired 13CH4 was enhanced and prolonged in high-CH4 producers compared to low-CH4 producers. The proportion of plasma and stool 13C-butyrate tended to be higher in low-CH4 producers, and inversely for 13C-acetate. Plasma branched SCFAs revealed different kinetics of apparition compared to linear SCFAs. CONCLUSION This pilot study allowed to consider novel procedures for the development of biomarkers revealing dietary fiber-gut microbiota interactions. The non-invasive assessment of exhaled gas following 13C-labeled fibers ingestion enabled to decipher distinct fermentation profiles: high-CH4 producers vs low-CH4 producers. The isotope labeling permits a specific in vivo characterisation of the dietary fiber impact consumption on microbiota metabolite production. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION The study has been registered under the number NCT03717311 at ClinicalTrials.gov on October 24, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laure Meiller
- Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine Rhône-Alpes, Univ-Lyon, INSERM, INRAe, Claude Bernard Lyon1 University, Centre Hospitalier Lyon Sud, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Pierre Bénite, France
| | - Valérie Sauvinet
- Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine Rhône-Alpes, Univ-Lyon, INSERM, INRAe, Claude Bernard Lyon1 University, Centre Hospitalier Lyon Sud, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Pierre Bénite, France
| | - Anne-Esther Breyton
- Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine Rhône-Alpes, Univ-Lyon, INSERM, INRAe, Claude Bernard Lyon1 University, Centre Hospitalier Lyon Sud, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Pierre Bénite, France
- CarMeN Laboratory, INSERM, INRAe, Claude Bernard Lyon1 University, Pierre Bénite, France
| | - Harimalala Ranaivo
- Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine Rhône-Alpes, Univ-Lyon, INSERM, INRAe, Claude Bernard Lyon1 University, Centre Hospitalier Lyon Sud, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Pierre Bénite, France
- CarMeN Laboratory, INSERM, INRAe, Claude Bernard Lyon1 University, Pierre Bénite, France
| | - Christelle Machon
- Service de Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Pierre Bénite, France
| | - Anne Mialon
- Service de Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Pierre Bénite, France
| | | | - Stephan C Bischoff
- Institute of Nutritional Medicine, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Jens Walter
- Department of Medicine, School of Microbiology, APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Audrey M Neyrinck
- Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Martine Laville
- Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine Rhône-Alpes, Univ-Lyon, INSERM, INRAe, Claude Bernard Lyon1 University, Centre Hospitalier Lyon Sud, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Pierre Bénite, France
- CarMeN Laboratory, INSERM, INRAe, Claude Bernard Lyon1 University, Pierre Bénite, France
- Service d'Endocrinologie Diabète Nutrition, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Pierre Bénite, France
| | | | - Sophie Vinoy
- Nutrition Research, Mondelez International, Saclay, France
| | - Julie-Anne Nazare
- Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine Rhône-Alpes, Univ-Lyon, INSERM, INRAe, Claude Bernard Lyon1 University, Centre Hospitalier Lyon Sud, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Pierre Bénite, France.
- CarMeN Laboratory, INSERM, INRAe, Claude Bernard Lyon1 University, Pierre Bénite, France.
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Yao Q, Yu Z, Meng Q, Chen J, Liu Y, Song W, Ren X, Zhou J, Chen X. The Role of Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth in Obesity and Its Related Diseases. Biochem Pharmacol 2023; 212:115546. [PMID: 37044299 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2023.115546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
Obesity has become a major public health problem worldwide and its occurrence is increasing globally. Obesity has also been shown to be involved in the occurrence and development of many diseases and pathological conditions, such as nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), insulin resistance (IR). In recent years, gut microbiota has received extensive attention as an important regulatory part involved in host diseases and health status. A growing body of evidence suggests that gut microbiota dysbiosis has a significant adverse effect on the host. Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO), a type of intestinal microbial dysbiosis, has been gradually revealed to be associated with obesity and its related diseases. The presence of SIBO may lead to the destruction of intestinal barrier integrity, increased intestinal permeability, increased endotoxin levels, activation of inflammatory responses, and translocation of bacteria from the colon to the small intestine. However, the causal relationship between SIBO and obesity and the specific mechanisms have not been well elucidated. This review discusses the cross-talk between SIBO and obesity and its related diseases, and expounds its potential mechanisms and interventions, which may help to discover new therapeutic targets for obesity and its related diseases and develop treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinyan Yao
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Anshan Road 154, Heping District, Tianjin 300052, China; Tianjin Institute of Digestive Disease, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Anshan Road 154, Heping District, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Zihan Yu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Anshan Road 154, Heping District, Tianjin 300052, China; Tianjin Institute of Digestive Disease, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Anshan Road 154, Heping District, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Qingguo Meng
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Anshan Road 154, Heping District, Tianjin 300052, China; Tianjin Institute of Digestive Disease, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Anshan Road 154, Heping District, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Jihua Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Anshan Road 154, Heping District, Tianjin 300052, China; Tianjin Institute of Digestive Disease, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Anshan Road 154, Heping District, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Yaxin Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Anshan Road 154, Heping District, Tianjin 300052, China; Tianjin Institute of Digestive Disease, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Anshan Road 154, Heping District, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Wenxuan Song
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Anshan Road 154, Heping District, Tianjin 300052, China; Tianjin Institute of Digestive Disease, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Anshan Road 154, Heping District, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Xiangfeng Ren
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Anshan Road 154, Heping District, Tianjin 300052, China; Tianjin Institute of Digestive Disease, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Anshan Road 154, Heping District, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Jinjie Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Anshan Road 154, Heping District, Tianjin 300052, China; Tianjin Institute of Digestive Disease, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Anshan Road 154, Heping District, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Anshan Road 154, Heping District, Tianjin 300052, China; Tianjin Institute of Digestive Disease, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Anshan Road 154, Heping District, Tianjin 300052, China.
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13
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Barlow GM, Celly S, Mathur R. Changes in the Gut Microbiome as Seen in Diabetes and Obesity. CLINICAL UNDERSTANDING OF THE HUMAN GUT MICROBIOME 2023:61-81. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-46712-7_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2025]
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14
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Aja-Cadena MG, Amieva-Balmori M, Taboada-Liceaga HA, Cobos-Quevedo OJ, Hernández-Ramírez GA, Reyes-Huerta J, Roesch-Dietlen F, Meixuerio-Daza A, Remes-Troche JM. Prevalence of methanogens and associated factors in patients with irritable bowel syndrome and healthy controls in a Southeastern Mexican population. REVISTA DE GASTROENTEROLOGIA DE MEXICO (ENGLISH) 2023; 88:50-56. [PMID: 34863643 DOI: 10.1016/j.rgmxen.2021.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Methane (CH4) is an inert gas produced by colonic anaerobes and has been associated with different intestinal diseases, including irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). According to geographic region, the prevalence of methanogens varies, being higher in Africa (80%) and lower in the United States (35-40%). In Mexico, the prevalence of methanogens is unknown. AIM To evaluate the prevalence of CH4 producers and associated factors in a group of patients with IBS and controls in a Mexican population. MATERIALS AND METHODS A baseline fasting measurement of alveolar H2 and CH4 gas was carried out, by gas chromatography (stationary phase), in consecutive patients diagnosed with IBS and a control group. Subjects with baseline levels of H2 of 0 ppm and CH4 ≥ 5 ppm were classified as methanogenic. RESULTS A total of 132 controls (53.8% women) and 67 patients with IBS (76% women) were included. The overall prevalence (n = 199) of methanogenic subjects was 38% (n = 76) (95% CI: 0.31-0.45) and they had a greater prevalence of overweight/obesity (56.5 vs 39.8%, P = .028). The prevalence of methanogens in the healthy controls was 41.6% (95% CI: 0.33-0.49), whereas, in the patients with IBS, it was 31.4% (n = 21, 71% IBS-C and 29% IBS-M). CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of methanogens in our study on a Mexican population was comparable to that reported in other populations and was associated with overweight/obesity. One-third of the patients with IBS presented with methanogens. Said microorganisms were particularlyassociated with the constipation-predominant IBS subtype.
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Affiliation(s)
- M G Aja-Cadena
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Digestiva y Motilidad Gastrointestinal, Instituto de Investigaciones Médico Biológicas, Universidad Veracruzana, Veracruz, Veracruz, Veracruz, Mexico
| | - M Amieva-Balmori
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Digestiva y Motilidad Gastrointestinal, Instituto de Investigaciones Médico Biológicas, Universidad Veracruzana, Veracruz, Veracruz, Veracruz, Mexico
| | - H A Taboada-Liceaga
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Digestiva y Motilidad Gastrointestinal, Instituto de Investigaciones Médico Biológicas, Universidad Veracruzana, Veracruz, Veracruz, Veracruz, Mexico
| | - O J Cobos-Quevedo
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Digestiva y Motilidad Gastrointestinal, Instituto de Investigaciones Médico Biológicas, Universidad Veracruzana, Veracruz, Veracruz, Veracruz, Mexico
| | - G A Hernández-Ramírez
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Digestiva y Motilidad Gastrointestinal, Instituto de Investigaciones Médico Biológicas, Universidad Veracruzana, Veracruz, Veracruz, Veracruz, Mexico
| | - J Reyes-Huerta
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Digestiva y Motilidad Gastrointestinal, Instituto de Investigaciones Médico Biológicas, Universidad Veracruzana, Veracruz, Veracruz, Veracruz, Mexico
| | - F Roesch-Dietlen
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Digestiva y Motilidad Gastrointestinal, Instituto de Investigaciones Médico Biológicas, Universidad Veracruzana, Veracruz, Veracruz, Veracruz, Mexico
| | - A Meixuerio-Daza
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Digestiva y Motilidad Gastrointestinal, Instituto de Investigaciones Médico Biológicas, Universidad Veracruzana, Veracruz, Veracruz, Veracruz, Mexico
| | - J M Remes-Troche
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Digestiva y Motilidad Gastrointestinal, Instituto de Investigaciones Médico Biológicas, Universidad Veracruzana, Veracruz, Veracruz, Veracruz, Mexico.
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15
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Khan MZ, Lyu R, McMichael J, Gabbard S. Chronic Intestinal Pseudo-Obstruction Is Associated with Intestinal Methanogen Overgrowth. Dig Dis Sci 2022; 67:4834-4840. [PMID: 35001241 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-021-07343-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction (CIP) is a rare motility disorder characterized by dilated small bowel in the absence of mechanical obstruction. CIP has a known association with small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO); however, data regarding association with specific subtypes such as methane-positive (M+) and hydrogen-positive (H+) SIBO are limited. Therefore, we conducted this study to characterize subtypes of SIBO in CIP and compare them with non-CIP patients. AIMS The aim is to explore the association and prevalence of hydrogen and methane subtypes of SIBO in patients with CIP. METHODS A retrospective chart review was conducted for 494 patients who underwent glucose breath tests (GBT) in 2019. CIP was diagnosed based on clinical suspicion and after ruling out mechanical obstruction. We also reviewed demographic data, including age, gender, body mass index, tobacco and alcohol history, medical comorbidities, use of proton pump inhibitors, and history of colectomy. RESULTS Among 494 patients, 7.7% (38) had CIP. The prevalence of M+ GBT in CIP patients was higher compared with non-CIP patients, and it was significant [52.6% (20/38) versus 11.8% (54/456), p < 0.001]. The prevalence of H+ GBT in our cohort of CIP patients was similar to that of non-CIP patients [23.7% (9/38) versus 25.7% (117/456), p = 0.941]. CONCLUSION The prevalence of methane-positive GBT was higher in CIP patients than in patients without CIP. This finding further strengthens the hypothesis that the relationship between motility disorders and methanogen overgrowth is facilitative.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ruishen Lyu
- Department of Health Sciences, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - John McMichael
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Digestive Diseases and Surgery Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Scott Gabbard
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Digestive Diseases and Surgery Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
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16
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Mafra D, Ribeiro M, Fonseca L, Regis B, Cardozo LFMF, Fragoso Dos Santos H, Emiliano de Jesus H, Schultz J, Shiels PG, Stenvinkel P, Rosado A. Archaea from the gut microbiota of humans: Could be linked to chronic diseases? Anaerobe 2022; 77:102629. [PMID: 35985606 DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2022.102629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
Archaea comprise a unique domain of organisms with distinct biochemical and genetic differences from bacteria. Methane-forming archaea, methanogens, constitute the predominant group of archaea in the human gut microbiota, with Methanobrevibacter smithii being the most prevalent. However, the effect of methanogenic archaea and their methane production on chronic disease remains controversial. As perturbation of the microbiota is a feature of chronic conditions, such as cardiovascular disease, neurodegenerative diseases and chronic kidney disease, assessing the influence of archaea could provide a new clue to mitigating adverse effects associated with dysbiosis. In this review, we will discuss the putative role of archaea in the gut microbiota in humans and the possible link to chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise Mafra
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences - Physiology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, (RJ), Brazil; Graduate Program in Nutrition Sciences, Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Niterói, Brazil; Graduate Program in Medical Sciences, Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Niterói, Brazil.
| | - Marcia Ribeiro
- Graduate Program in Nutrition Sciences, Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Niterói, Brazil
| | - Larissa Fonseca
- Graduate Program in Medical Sciences, Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Niterói, Brazil
| | - Bruna Regis
- Graduate Program in Cardiovascular Sciences, Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Niterói, Brazil
| | - Ludmila F M F Cardozo
- Graduate Program in Cardiovascular Sciences, Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Niterói, Brazil
| | | | | | - Junia Schultz
- Microbial Ecogenomics and Biotechnology Laboratory, Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Makkah, 23955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Paul G Shiels
- Wolfson Wohl Translational Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Bearsden, Glasgow, G61 1QH, UK
| | - Peter Stenvinkel
- Division of Renal Medicine and Baxter Novum, Department of Clinical Science, Technology and Intervention, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Alexandre Rosado
- Microbial Ecogenomics and Biotechnology Laboratory, Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Makkah, 23955, Saudi Arabia
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Li M, Bekö G, Zannoni N, Pugliese G, Carrito M, Cera N, Moura C, Wargocki P, Vasconcelos P, Nobre P, Wang N, Ernle L, Williams J. Human metabolic emissions of carbon dioxide and methane and their implications for carbon emissions. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 833:155241. [PMID: 35421492 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) are important greenhouse gases in the atmosphere and have large impacts on Earth's radiative forcing and climate. Their natural and anthropogenic emissions have often been in focus, while the role of human metabolic emissions has received less attention. In this study, exhaled, dermal and whole-body CO2 and CH4 emission rates from a total of 20 volunteers were quantified under various controlled environmental conditions in a climate chamber. The whole-body CO2 emissions increased with temperature. Individual differences were the most important factor for the whole-body CH4 emissions. Dermal emissions of CO2 and CH4 only contributed ~3.5% and ~5.5% to the whole-body emissions, respectively. Breath measurements conducted on 24 volunteers in a companion study identified one third of the volunteers as CH4 producers (exhaled CH4 exceeded 1 ppm above ambient level). The exhaled CH4 emission rate of these CH4 producers (4.03 ± 0.71 mg/h/person, mean ± one standard deviation) was ten times higher than that of the rest of the volunteers (non-CH4 producers; 0.41 ± 0.45 mg/h/person). With increasing global population and the expected large reduction in global anthropogenic carbon emissions in the next decades, metabolic emissions of CH4 (although not CO2) from humans may play an increasing role in regional and global carbon budgets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengze Li
- Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Hahn-Meitner-Weg 1, 55128 Mainz, Germany; Department of Climate and Space Sciences and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA.
| | - Gabriel Bekö
- International Centre for Indoor Environment and Energy, Department of Civil Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby 2800, Denmark; Department of Architecture, College of Architecture, Art and Design, Ajman University, Ajman, P.O. Box 346, United Arab Emirates
| | - Nora Zannoni
- Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Hahn-Meitner-Weg 1, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Giovanni Pugliese
- Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Hahn-Meitner-Weg 1, 55128 Mainz, Germany; Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Rostock University Medical Center, Schillingallee 35, 18057 Rostock, Germany
| | - Mariana Carrito
- Center for Psychology at University of Porto (CPUP), Faculty of Psychology and Education Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Nicoletta Cera
- Center for Psychology at University of Porto (CPUP), Faculty of Psychology and Education Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research (CIBIT), Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Catarina Moura
- Center for Psychology at University of Porto (CPUP), Faculty of Psychology and Education Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Pawel Wargocki
- International Centre for Indoor Environment and Energy, Department of Civil Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby 2800, Denmark
| | - Priscila Vasconcelos
- Center for Psychology at University of Porto (CPUP), Faculty of Psychology and Education Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Pedro Nobre
- Center for Psychology at University of Porto (CPUP), Faculty of Psychology and Education Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Nijing Wang
- Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Hahn-Meitner-Weg 1, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Lisa Ernle
- Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Hahn-Meitner-Weg 1, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Jonathan Williams
- Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Hahn-Meitner-Weg 1, 55128 Mainz, Germany.
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Ranaivo H, Zhang Z, Alligier M, Van Den Berghe L, Sothier M, Lambert-Porcheron S, Feugier N, Cuerq C, Machon C, Neyrinck AM, Seethaler B, Rodriguez J, Roumain M, Muccioli GG, Maquet V, Laville M, Bischoff SC, Walter J, Delzenne NM, Nazare JA. Chitin-glucan supplementation improved postprandial metabolism and altered gut microbiota in subjects at cardiometabolic risk in a randomized trial. Sci Rep 2022; 12:8830. [PMID: 35614185 PMCID: PMC9132890 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-12920-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Chitin-glucan (CG), an insoluble dietary fiber, has been shown to improve cardiometabolic disorders associated with obesity in mice. Its effects in healthy subjects has recently been studied, revealing its interaction with the gut microbiota. In this double-blind, randomized, cross-over, twice 3-week exploratory study, we investigated the impacts of CG on the cardiometabolic profile and gut microbiota composition and functions in 15 subjects at cardiometabolic risk. They consumed as a supplement 4.5 g of CG daily or maltodextrin as control. Before and after interventions, fasting and postprandial metabolic parameters and exhaled gases (hydrogen [H2] and methane [CH4]) were evaluated. Gut microbiota composition (16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis), fecal concentrations of bile acids, long- and short-chain fatty acids (LCFA, SCFA), zonulin, calprotectin and lipopolysaccharide binding protein (LBP) were analyzed. Compared to control, CG supplementation increased exhaled H2 following an enriched-fiber breakfast ingestion and decreased postprandial glycemia and triglyceridemia response to a standardized test meal challenge served at lunch. Of note, the decrease in postprandial glycemia was only observed in subjects with higher exhaled H2, assessed upon lactulose breath test performed at inclusion. CG decreased a family belonging to Actinobacteria phylum and increased 3 bacterial taxa: Erysipelotrichaceae UCG.003, Ruminococcaceae UCG.005 and Eubacterium ventriosum group. Fecal metabolites, inflammatory and intestinal permeability markers did not differ between groups. In conclusion, we showed that CG supplementation modified the gut microbiota composition and improved postprandial glycemic response, an early determinant of cardiometabolic risk. Our results also suggest breath H2 production as a non-invasive parameter of interest for predicting the effectiveness of dietary fiber intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harimalala Ranaivo
- Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine Rhône-Alpes, Hospices Civils de Lyon, CENS, FCRIN/FORCE Network, Pierre-Bénite, France
- Univ-Lyon, CarMeN Laboratory, INSERM, INRAE, Université Claude Bernard Lyon-1, 69600, Oullins, France
| | - Zhengxiao Zhang
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Maud Alligier
- Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine Rhône-Alpes, Hospices Civils de Lyon, CENS, FCRIN/FORCE Network, Pierre-Bénite, France
- Univ-Lyon, CarMeN Laboratory, INSERM, INRAE, Université Claude Bernard Lyon-1, 69600, Oullins, France
| | - Laurie Van Den Berghe
- Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine Rhône-Alpes, Hospices Civils de Lyon, CENS, FCRIN/FORCE Network, Pierre-Bénite, France
- Univ-Lyon, CarMeN Laboratory, INSERM, INRAE, Université Claude Bernard Lyon-1, 69600, Oullins, France
| | - Monique Sothier
- Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine Rhône-Alpes, Hospices Civils de Lyon, CENS, FCRIN/FORCE Network, Pierre-Bénite, France
- Univ-Lyon, CarMeN Laboratory, INSERM, INRAE, Université Claude Bernard Lyon-1, 69600, Oullins, France
| | - Stéphanie Lambert-Porcheron
- Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine Rhône-Alpes, Hospices Civils de Lyon, CENS, FCRIN/FORCE Network, Pierre-Bénite, France
- Univ-Lyon, CarMeN Laboratory, INSERM, INRAE, Université Claude Bernard Lyon-1, 69600, Oullins, France
| | - Nathalie Feugier
- Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine Rhône-Alpes, Hospices Civils de Lyon, CENS, FCRIN/FORCE Network, Pierre-Bénite, France
- Univ-Lyon, CarMeN Laboratory, INSERM, INRAE, Université Claude Bernard Lyon-1, 69600, Oullins, France
| | - Charlotte Cuerq
- Univ-Lyon, CarMeN Laboratory, INSERM, INRAE, Université Claude Bernard Lyon-1, 69600, Oullins, France
- Service de Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire, Unité Médicale Dyslipidémies et Dysfonctions Nutritionnelles et Digestives, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Pierre-Bénite, France
| | - Christelle Machon
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Service de Biochimie, Centre de Biologie Sud, Hôpital Lyon Sud, Pierre-Bénite, France
| | - Audrey M Neyrinck
- Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, UCLouvain, Université Catholique de Louvain, Ottignies-Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Benjamin Seethaler
- Institute of Nutritional Medicine, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Julie Rodriguez
- Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, UCLouvain, Université Catholique de Louvain, Ottignies-Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Martin Roumain
- Bioanalysis and Pharmacology of Bioactive Lipids Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, UCLouvain, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Giulio G Muccioli
- Bioanalysis and Pharmacology of Bioactive Lipids Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, UCLouvain, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Véronique Maquet
- KitoZyme, Parc Industriel des Hauts-Sart, Zone 2, Rue de Milmort 680, 4040, Herstal, Belgium
| | - Martine Laville
- Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine Rhône-Alpes, Hospices Civils de Lyon, CENS, FCRIN/FORCE Network, Pierre-Bénite, France
- Univ-Lyon, CarMeN Laboratory, INSERM, INRAE, Université Claude Bernard Lyon-1, 69600, Oullins, France
| | - Stephan C Bischoff
- Institute of Nutritional Medicine, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Jens Walter
- Department of Medicine, and School of Microbiology, APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Nathalie M Delzenne
- Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, UCLouvain, Université Catholique de Louvain, Ottignies-Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Julie-Anne Nazare
- Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine Rhône-Alpes, Hospices Civils de Lyon, CENS, FCRIN/FORCE Network, Pierre-Bénite, France.
- Univ-Lyon, CarMeN Laboratory, INSERM, INRAE, Université Claude Bernard Lyon-1, 69600, Oullins, France.
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19
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Ivashkin VT, Medvedev OS, Poluektova EA, Kudryavtseva AV, Bakhtogarimov IR, Karchevskaya AE. Direct and Indirect Methods for Studying Human Gut Microbiota. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY, HEPATOLOGY, COLOPROCTOLOGY 2022; 32:19-34. [DOI: 10.22416/1382-4376-2022-32-2-19-34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2025]
Abstract
Aim: To review the main methods of intestinal microbiota studying.Key points. Currently, molecular genetic methods are used mainly for basic research and do not have a unified protocol for data analysis, which makes it difficult to implement them in clinical practice. Measurement of short chain fatty acids (SCFA) concentrations in plasma provides the data, which can serve as an indirect biomarker of the colonic microbiota composition. However, currently available evidence is insufficient to relate the obtained values (SCFA levels and ratio) to a particular disease with a high degree of certainty. Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) levels in the blood plasma and urine can also reflect the presence of specific bacterial clusters containing genes Cut, CntA/CntB and YeaW/YeaX. Therefore, further studies are required to reveal possible correlations between certain disorders and such parameters as the composition of gut microbiota, dietary patterns and TMAO concentration. Gas biomarkers, i.e. hydrogen, methane and hydrogen sulphide, have been studied in more detail and are better understood as compared to other biomarkers of the gut microbiome composition and functionality. The main advantage of gas biomarkers is that they can be measured multiple times using non-invasive techniques. These measurements provide information on the relative proportion of hydrogenic (i.e. hydrogen producing) and hydrogenotrophic (i.e. methanogenic and sulfate-reducing) microorganisms. In its turn, this opens up the possibility of developing new approaches to correction of individual microbiota components.Conclusions. Integration of the data obtained by gut microbiota studies at the genome, transcriptome and metabolome levels would allow a comprehensive analysis of microbial community function and its interaction with the human organism. This approach may increase our understanding of the pathogenesis of various diseases as well open up new opportunities for prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- V. T. Ivashkin
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)
| | - O. S. Medvedev
- M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University; National Medical Research Center of Cardiology
| | - E. A. Poluektova
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)
| | | | | | - A. E. Karchevskaya
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University); N.N. Burdenko National Medical Research Center of Neurosurgery; Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology
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20
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Djemai K, Drancourt M, Tidjani Alou M. Bacteria and Methanogens in the Human Microbiome: a Review of Syntrophic Interactions. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2022; 83:536-554. [PMID: 34169332 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-021-01796-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Methanogens are microorganisms belonging to the Archaea domain and represent the primary source of biotic methane. Methanogens encode a series of enzymes which can convert secondary substrates into methane following three major methanogenesis pathways. Initially recognized as environmental microorganisms, methanogens have more recently been acknowledged as host-associated microorganisms after their detection and initial isolation in ruminants in the 1950s. Methanogens have also been co-detected with bacteria in various pathological situations, bringing their role as pathogens into question. Here, we review reported associations between methanogens and bacteria in physiological and pathological situations in order to understand the metabolic interactions explaining these associations. To do so, we describe the origin of the metabolites used for methanogenesis and highlight the central role of methanogens in the syntrophic process during carbon cycling. We then focus on the metabolic abilities of co-detected bacterial species described in the literature and infer from their genomes the probable mechanisms of their association with methanogens. The syntrophic interactions between bacteria and methanogens are paramount to gut homeostasis. Therefore, any dysbiosis affecting methanogens might impact human health. Thus, the monitoring of methanogens may be used as a bio-indicator of dysbiosis. Moreover, new therapeutic approaches can be developed based on their administration as probiotics. We thus insist on the importance of investigating methanogens in clinical microbiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenza Djemai
- IRD, MEPHI, IHU Méditerranée Infection, Aix-Marseille-University, 19-12 Bd Jean Moulin, 13005, Marseille, France
- IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Michel Drancourt
- IRD, MEPHI, IHU Méditerranée Infection, Aix-Marseille-University, 19-12 Bd Jean Moulin, 13005, Marseille, France
| | - Maryam Tidjani Alou
- IRD, MEPHI, IHU Méditerranée Infection, Aix-Marseille-University, 19-12 Bd Jean Moulin, 13005, Marseille, France.
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21
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Jung H, Hwang J, Choe YS, Lee HS, Lee W. Highly Sensitive and Selective Detection of Hydrogen Using Pd-Coated SnO 2 Nanorod Arrays for Breath-Analyzer Applications. SENSORS 2022; 22:s22052056. [PMID: 35271202 PMCID: PMC8914855 DOI: 10.3390/s22052056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
We report a breath hydrogen analyzer based on Pd-coated SnO2 nanorods (Pd-SnO2 NRs) sensor integrated into a miniaturized gas chromatography (GC) column. The device can measure a wide range of hydrogen (1–100 ppm), within 100 s, using a small volume of human breath (1 mL) without pre-concentration. Especially, the mini-GC integrated with Pd-SnO2 NRs can detect 1 ppm of H2, as a lower detection limit, at a low operating temperature of 152 °C. Furthermore, when the breath hydrogen analyzer was exposed to a mixture of interfering gases, such as carbon dioxide, nitrogen, methane, and acetone, it was found to be capable of selectively detecting only H2. We found that the Pd-SnO2 NRs were superior to other semiconducting metal oxides that lack selectivity in H2 detection. Our study reveals that the Pd-SnO2 NRs integrated into the mini-GC device can be utilized in breath hydrogen analyzers to rapidly and accurately detect hydrogen due to its high selectivity and sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hwaebong Jung
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonseiro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Korea; (H.J.); (J.H.)
| | - Junho Hwang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonseiro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Korea; (H.J.); (J.H.)
| | - Yong-Sahm Choe
- Isenlab Inc., Halla Sigma Valley, Dunchon-daero 545, Jungwon-gu, Seongnam-si 13215, Korea;
| | - Hyun-Sook Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonseiro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Korea; (H.J.); (J.H.)
- Correspondence: (H.-S.L.); (W.L.)
| | - Wooyoung Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonseiro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Korea; (H.J.); (J.H.)
- Correspondence: (H.-S.L.); (W.L.)
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22
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Alterations of the Gut Microbiome Associated to Methane Metabolism in Mexican Children with Obesity. CHILDREN 2022; 9:children9020148. [PMID: 35204867 PMCID: PMC8870140 DOI: 10.3390/children9020148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Gut microbiota is associated with the development of metabolic disorders. To study its association with childhood obesity, we performed a cross-sectional study with 46 children (6–12 years old). We collected fecal samples, food-frequency questionnaires (FFQs), and anthropometric measurements. Shotgun metagenomics were used to obtain the microbial taxonomic diversity and metabolic potential. We identified two dietary profiles characterized by complex carbohydrates and proteins (pattern 1) and saturated fat and simple carbohydrates (pattern 2). We classified each participant into normal weight (NW) or overweight and obese (OWOB) using their body mass index (BMI) z-score. The ratio of Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes and alpha diversity were not different between the BMI groups. Genera contributing to beta diversity between NW and OWOB groups included Bacteroides rodentium, B. intestinalis, B. eggerthii, Methanobrevibacter smithii, Eubacterium sp., and Roseburia sp. B. rodentium was associated with lower BMI and dietary pattern 1 intake. Eubacterium sp. and Roseburia sp. were associated with BMI increments and high consumption of dietary pattern 2. Methane and energy metabolism were found enriched in under-represented KEGG pathways of NW group compared to OWOB. Complex dietary and microbiome interaction leads to metabolic differences during childhood, which should be elucidated to prevent metabolic diseases in adolescence and adulthood.
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23
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Essa H, Hamdy S, Green D, Lal S, McLaughlin J, Hoffmann S, Leitao E, Paine P. Hydrogen and methane breath test results are negatively associated with IBS and may reflect transit time in post-surgical patients. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2021; 33:e14033. [PMID: 33184950 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.14033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Contention surrounds hydrogen and methane breath tests as putative measures of small intestinal bacterial overgrowth. We aimed to explore the clinical characteristics associated with positive and negative results to help clarify their role. METHODS 525 glucose hydrogen/methane breath tests completed over 3 years were analyzed to look for positively and negatively associated predictive factors. Characteristics such as height and weight and underlying medical conditions, medications, and surgical history were collated. KEY RESULTS There were 85 and 42 positive hydrogen and methane tests, respectively. Patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) (HR = 0.17, p = 0.004) and those with a higher body mass index (HR = 0.93, p = 0.004) were significantly less likely to have a positive test. Patients who underwent the test post-surgically were significantly more likely to have a positive test (HR = 2.76, p = 0.001). A sub-analysis of post-surgical patients by type and region of surgical resection demonstrated that none were statistically more likely than the next to have a positive test. However, for the surgical group as a whole the number of motility-depressing drugs taken (such as opioids) was associated with a significantly decreased likelihood of a positive test (HR = 0.752, p = 0.045). CONCLUSION Our data suggest that patients with a diagnosis of IBS are statistically less likely to have a positive test and it is of limited utility in this group. Post-surgical patients are more likely to have a positive test, possibly secondary to fast transit rather than bacterial overgrowth, as suggested by a significantly negative association with motility-suppressing drugs in this sub-group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hani Essa
- Department of Gastroenterology, Salford Royal Hospital, Salford, UK
| | - Shaheen Hamdy
- Department of Gastroenterology, Salford Royal Hospital, Salford, UK.,Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Gastroenterology, Centre for GI Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Darren Green
- Department of Renal Medicine, Salford Royal Hospital, Salford, UK
| | - Simon Lal
- Department of Gastroenterology, Salford Royal Hospital, Salford, UK.,Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Gastroenterology, Centre for GI Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - John McLaughlin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Salford Royal Hospital, Salford, UK.,Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Gastroenterology, Centre for GI Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Sandra Hoffmann
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Salford Royal Hospital, Salford, UK
| | - Eugena Leitao
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Salford Royal Hospital, Salford, UK
| | - Peter Paine
- Department of Gastroenterology, Salford Royal Hospital, Salford, UK.,Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Gastroenterology, Centre for GI Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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24
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Li P, Lu B, Gong J, Li L, Chen G, Zhang J, Chen Y, Tian X, Han B, Guo Y, Xie Z, Liao Q. Chickpea Extract Ameliorates Metabolic Syndrome Symptoms via Restoring Intestinal Ecology and Metabolic Profile in Type 2 Diabetic Rats. Mol Nutr Food Res 2021; 65:e2100007. [PMID: 33966342 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202100007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 03/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
SCOPE Chickpeas have been recognized as a natural Uyghur medicine in Xinjiang (China) for 2500 years. Although the phenotypic effect on obesity or diabetes was authenticated, the mechanism was unclear. This work aims to study the effect of chickpea extract (CE) on metabolic syndrome induced by type 2 diabetes and to reveal its related mechanisms, focusing on intestinal flora and metabolomics. METHODS AND RESULTS Diabetic rats are induced by a high-fat diet and intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin. CE supplementation (3 g kg-1 ) for 4 weeks improved the hyperglycemia, inflammatory state, and organ functions of diabetic rats. The metabolic profile trajectories of urine and faeces obtained by NMR have good separations among all groups, and CE significantly increases the contents of SCFAs in the cecum. Moreover, CE relieves intestinal dysbiosis by increasing the abundance of SCFAs-producing bacteria (e.g., Enterococcaceae) but reduces conditional pathogenic bacteria (e.g., Corynebacterium). PICRUSt predicts the functions of gut microbiome from the 16S rRNA gene sequences and metagenome, and finds that CE restored amino acids degradation, bile acids metabolism, and carbohydrate metabolism. CONCLUSION This study elucidates the role of CE from the perspective of metabolomics and the microbiota, which provides evidence for chickpea as a prebiotic to prevent diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Biyu Lu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Jing Gong
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Lin Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Guoping Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Jiaxian Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yongda Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Xing Tian
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Bo Han
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yake Guo
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Zhiyong Xie
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Qiongfeng Liao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
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25
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Chong KPL, Woo BKP. Emerging wearable technology applications in gastroenterology: A review of the literature. World J Gastroenterol 2021; 27:1149-1160. [PMID: 33828391 PMCID: PMC8006095 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v27.i12.1149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The field of gastroenterology has recently seen a surge in wearable technology to monitor physical activity, sleep quality, pain, and even gut activity. The past decade has seen the emergence of wearable devices including Fitbit, Apple Watch, AbStats, and ingestible sensors. In this review, we discuss current and future devices designed to measure sweat biomarkers, steps taken, sleep efficiency, gastric electrical activity, stomach pH, and intestinal contents. We also summarize several clinical studies to better understand wearable devices so that we may assess their potential benefit in improving healthcare while also weighing the challenges that must be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly PL Chong
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, United States
| | - Benjamin KP Woo
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Olive View - University of California Los Angeles Medical Center, Sylmar, CA 91342, United States
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26
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Baniel A, Amato KR, Beehner JC, Bergman TJ, Mercer A, Perlman RF, Petrullo L, Reitsema L, Sams S, Lu A, Snyder-Mackler N. Seasonal shifts in the gut microbiome indicate plastic responses to diet in wild geladas. MICROBIOME 2021; 9:26. [PMID: 33485388 PMCID: PMC7828014 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-020-00977-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adaptive shifts in gut microbiome composition are one route by which animals adapt to seasonal changes in food availability and diet. However, outside of dietary shifts, other potential environmental drivers of gut microbial composition have rarely been investigated, particularly in organisms living in their natural environments. RESULTS Here, we generated the largest wild nonhuman primate gut microbiome dataset to date to identify the environmental drivers of gut microbial diversity and function in 758 samples collected from wild Ethiopian geladas (Theropithecus gelada). Because geladas live in a cold, high-altitude environment and have a low-quality grass-based diet, they face extreme thermoregulatory and energetic constraints. We tested how proxies of food availability (rainfall) and thermoregulatory stress (temperature) predicted gut microbiome composition of geladas. The gelada gut microbiome composition covaried with rainfall and temperature in a pattern that suggests distinct responses to dietary and thermoregulatory challenges. Microbial changes were driven by differences in the main components of the diet across seasons: in rainier periods, the gut was dominated by cellulolytic/fermentative bacteria that specialized in digesting grass, while during dry periods the gut was dominated by bacteria that break down starches found in underground plant parts. Temperature had a comparatively smaller, but detectable, effect on the gut microbiome. During cold and dry periods, bacterial genes involved in energy, amino acid, and lipid metabolism increased, suggesting a stimulation of fermentation activity in the gut when thermoregulatory and nutritional stress co-occurred, and potentially helping geladas to maintain energy balance during challenging periods. CONCLUSION Together, these results shed light on the extent to which gut microbiota plasticity provides dietary and metabolic flexibility to the host, and might be a key factor to thriving in changing environments. On a longer evolutionary timescale, such metabolic flexibility provided by the gut microbiome may have also allowed members of Theropithecus to adopt a specialized diet, and colonize new high-altitude grassland habitats in East Africa. Video abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Baniel
- Department of Anthropology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA.
| | - Katherine R Amato
- Department of Anthropology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Jacinta C Beehner
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Department of Anthropology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Thore J Bergman
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Arianne Mercer
- Department of Psychology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Rachel F Perlman
- Interdepartmental Doctoral Program in Anthropological Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
| | - Lauren Petrullo
- Interdepartmental Doctoral Program in Anthropological Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
| | - Laurie Reitsema
- Department of Anthropology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Sierra Sams
- Department of Psychology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Amy Lu
- Department of Anthropology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA.
| | - Noah Snyder-Mackler
- Department of Psychology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA.
- Center for Evolution and Medicine, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85281, USA.
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA.
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA.
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27
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Miley D, Machado LB, Condo C, Jergens AE, Yoon KJ, Pandey S. Video Capsule Endoscopy and Ingestible Electronics: Emerging Trends in Sensors, Circuits, Materials, Telemetry, Optics, and Rapid Reading Software. ADVANCED DEVICES & INSTRUMENTATION 2021; 2021. [DOI: 10.34133/2021/9854040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2025]
Abstract
Real-time monitoring of the gastrointestinal tract in a safe and comfortable manner is valuable for the diagnosis and therapy of many diseases. Within this realm, our review captures the trends in ingestible capsule systems with a focus on hardware and software technologies used for capsule endoscopy and remote patient monitoring. We introduce the structure and functions of the gastrointestinal tract, and the FDA guidelines for ingestible wireless telemetric medical devices. We survey the advanced features incorporated in ingestible capsule systems, such as microrobotics, closed-loop feedback, physiological sensing, nerve stimulation, sampling and delivery, panoramic imaging with adaptive frame rates, and rapid reading software. Examples of experimental and commercialized capsule systems are presented with descriptions of their sensors, devices, and circuits for gastrointestinal health monitoring. We also show the recent research in biocompatible materials and batteries, edible electronics, and alternative energy sources for ingestible capsule systems. The results from clinical studies are discussed for the assessment of key performance indicators related to the safety and effectiveness of ingestible capsule procedures. Lastly, the present challenges and outlook are summarized with respect to the risks to health, clinical testing and approval process, and technology adoption by patients and clinicians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dylan Miley
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
| | | | - Calvin Condo
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
| | - Albert E. Jergens
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
| | - Kyoung-Jin Yoon
- Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
| | - Santosh Pandey
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
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28
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Fedorin M, Livzan M, Gaus O. IBS in overweight and obese individuals: a new disease phenotype? DOKAZATEL'NAYA GASTROENTEROLOGIYA 2021; 10:52. [DOI: 10.17116/dokgastro20211002152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/17/2024]
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29
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Wang B, Xu Y, Hou X, Li J, Cai Y, Hao Y, Ouyang Q, Wu B, Sun Z, Zhang M, Ban Y. Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth in Subclinical Hypothyroidism of Pregnant Women. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:604070. [PMID: 34108932 PMCID: PMC8181748 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.604070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) of subclinical hypothyroidism of pregnant women, and explore their possible relevance. METHODS In total, 224 pregnant women with subclinical hypothyroidism during pregnancy (study group) and 196 pregnant women whose thyroid function was normal (control group) were enrolled in this study. Lactulose-based hydrogen and methane breath test was performed to evaluate the growth of intestinal bacteria. The serum-free thyroid hormone (FT4), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPOAb), body mass index (BMI) and gastrointestinal symptoms were detected and recorded. RESULTS The positive rates of SIBO were 56.7% and 31.6% in study group and control group, respectively. The levels of C response protein (CRP), abdominal distension and constipation in study group were higher than those in the control group. The risk of abdominal distension and constipation in SIBO-positive pregnant women were higher than that in SIBO-negative pregnant women, and the BMI of SIBO-positive patients in the two groups was lower than that of SIBO-negative patients in each group. In addition, the TPOAb-positive rate and TSH levels were higher but the FT4 level was lower in SIBO-positive patients compared to SIBO-negative patients in study group. CONCLUSION The occurrence of subclinical hypothyroidism is related to SIBO, and the excessive growth of small intestinal bacteria may affect gastrointestinal symptoms. CLINICAL TRIAL http://www.chictr.org.cn/index.aspx, identifier ChiCTR1900026326.
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30
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Schneider C, Wutzke KD, Däbritz J. Methane breath tests and blood sugar tests in children with suspected carbohydrate malabsorption. Sci Rep 2020; 10:18972. [PMID: 33149229 PMCID: PMC7643139 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-75987-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbohydrate malabsorption and subsequent gastrointestinal symptoms are a common clinical problem in pediatrics. Hydrogen (H2) and methane (CH4) breath tests are a cheap and non-invasive procedure for diagnosing fructose and lactose malabsorption (FM/LM) but test accuracy and reliability as well as the impact of non-hydrogen producers (NHP) is unclear. CH4 breath tests (MBT), blood sugar tests (BST) and clinical symptoms were compared with H2 breath tests (HBT) for FM/LM. 187/82 tests were performed in children (2 to 18 years) with unclear chronic/recurrent abdominal pain and suspected FM/LM. In FM and LM, we found a significant correlation between HBT and MBT/BST. In LM, MBT differentiated most of the patients correctly and BST might be used as an exclusion test. However, additional MBT and BST had no diagnostic advantage in FM. NHP still remain a group of patients, which cannot be identified using the recommended CH4 cut-off values in FM or LM. Reported symptoms during breath tests are not a reliable method to diagnose FM/LM. Overall a combined test approach might help in diagnosing children with suspected carbohydrate malabsorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christof Schneider
- Department of Pediatrics, Rostock University Medical Center, Ernst-Heydemann-Str. 8, 18057, Rostock, Germany
| | - Klaus D Wutzke
- Department of Pediatrics, Rostock University Medical Center, Ernst-Heydemann-Str. 8, 18057, Rostock, Germany
| | - Jan Däbritz
- Department of Pediatrics, Rostock University Medical Center, Ernst-Heydemann-Str. 8, 18057, Rostock, Germany. .,Centre for Immunobiology, Blizard Institute, Barts Cancer Institute, The Barts & The London School of Medicine & Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.
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Kim JW, Park SY, Chung JO, Cho HA, Kim DH, Yoon JH, Park CH, Kim HS, Choi SK, Rew JS. [Influencing Factors on Lactulose Breath Test Results]. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY 2020; 75:23-28. [PMID: 31986570 DOI: 10.4166/kjg.2020.75.1.23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2019] [Revised: 12/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Background/Aims This study aimed to identify the demographic and clinical factors associated with positive breath-test results and to assess the relationship between hydrogen and methane production in patients with suspected irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Methods The demographic and clinical factors of 268 patients with suspected IBS, who had undergone a lactulose breath test, were analyzed. Results Of 268 patients included in this study, 143 (53.4%) were females. The median age and BMI of the patients was 58.0 years (range, 18.0-80.0 years) and 22.5 kg/m2 (range, 14.4-34.3 kg/m2), respectively. A weak positive correlation was observed between the BMI and baseline hydrogen level (rho=0.134, p=0.031). Women were significantly more likely to show a ≥20 ppm increase in hydrogen within 90 min (early hydrogen increase, p=0.049), a ≥10 ppm increase in methane within 90 min (early methane increase, p=0.001), and a ≥10 ppm increase in methane between 90 min and 180 min (late methane increase, p=0.002) compared to men. The baseline hydrogen level was related to the baseline methane level (rho=0.592, p<0.001) and the maximal hydrogen level within 90 min was related to maximal methane level within 90 min (rho=0.721, p<0.001). Patients with an early hydrogen increase (43.8%) were more likely to show a positive result for an early methane increase compared to patients without an early increase in hydrogen (0%, p<0.001). Conclusions Women were associated with high rates of positive lactulose breath-test results. In addition, methane production was correlated with hydrogen production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Won Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Seon-Young Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Jin Ook Chung
- Divisions of Gastroenterology and Endocrinology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Hyun A Cho
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Dong-Hyun Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Jae Hyun Yoon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Chang Hwan Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Hyun Soo Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Sung Kyu Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Jong Sun Rew
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
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32
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Li X, Li Z, He Y, Li P, Zhou H, Zeng N. Regional distribution of Christensenellaceae and its associations with metabolic syndrome based on a population-level analysis. PeerJ 2020; 8:e9591. [PMID: 32832265 PMCID: PMC7413085 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.9591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The link between the gut microbiota and metabolic syndrome (MetS) has attracted widespread attention. Christensenellaceae was recently described as an important player in human health, while its distribution and relationship with MetS in Chinese population is still unknown. This study sought to observe the association between Christensenellaceae and metabolic indexes in a large sample of residents in South China. A total of 4,781 people from the GGMP project were included, and the fecal microbiota composition of these individuals was characterized by 16S rRNA sequencing and analyzed the relation between Christensenellaceae and metabolism using QIIME (Quantitative Insight Into Microbial Ecology, Version 1.9.1). The results demonstrated that microbial richness and diversity were increased in the group with a high abundance of Christensenellaceae, who showed a greater complexity of the co-occurrence network with other bacteria than residents who lacked Christensenellaceae. The enriched bacterial taxa were predominantly represented by Oscillospira, Ruminococcaceae, RF39, Rikenellaceae and Akkermansia as the Christensenellaceae abundance increased, while the abundances of Veillonella, Fusobacterium and Klebsiella were significantly reduced. Furthermore, Christensenellaceae was negatively correlated with the pathological features of MetS, such as obesity, hypertriglyceridemia and body mass index (BMI). We found reduced levels of lipid biosynthesis and energy metabolism pathways in people with a high abundance of Christensenellaceae, which may explain the negative relationship between body weight and Christensenellaceae. In conclusion, we found a negative correlation between Christensenellaceae and MetS in a large Chinese population and reported the geographical distribution of Christensenellaceae in the GGMP study. The association data from this population-level research support the investigation of strains within Christensenellaceae as potentially beneficial gut microbes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Li
- Microbiome Medicine Center, Division of Laboratory Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong province, China
| | - Zewen Li
- Microbiome Medicine Center, Division of Laboratory Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong province, China
| | - Yan He
- Microbiome Medicine Center, Division of Laboratory Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong province, China
| | - Pan Li
- Microbiome Medicine Center, Division of Laboratory Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong province, China
| | - Hongwei Zhou
- Microbiome Medicine Center, Division of Laboratory Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong province, China
| | - Nianyi Zeng
- Microbiome Medicine Center, Division of Laboratory Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong province, China
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Pite H, Aguiar L, Morello J, Monteiro EC, Alves AC, Bourbon M, Morais-Almeida M. Metabolic Dysfunction and Asthma: Current Perspectives. J Asthma Allergy 2020; 13:237-247. [PMID: 32801785 PMCID: PMC7394599 DOI: 10.2147/jaa.s208823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The increasing knowledge of the mechanisms involved in metabolism is shifting the paradigms by which the pathophysiology of many pulmonary diseases is understood. Metabolic dysfunction is recognized in obesity-associated asthma, but other metabolic conditions have been shown to be independently related to asthma. Novel insights have also recently been brought by metabolomics in this filed. The purpose of this review is to discuss current perspectives regarding metabolic dysfunction in asthma, from obesity-related asthma to other metabolic conditions and the role of current pharmacological therapeutic strategies and lifestyle interventions. Obesity is a well-recognized risk factor for asthma across the lifespan, which is generally associated with poorer response to current available treatments, rendering a more severe, refractory disease status. Besides the epidemiological and clinical link, untargeted metabolomics studies have recently supported the obesity-associated asthma phenotype at the molecular level. Not only obesity-related, but also other aspects of metabolic dysregulation can be independently linked to asthma. These include hyperinsulinemia, dyslipidemia and hypertension, which need to be taken into account, even in the non-obese patient. Untargeted metabolomics studies have further highlighted several other metabolic pathways that can be altered in asthma, namely regarding oxidative stress and systemic inflammation, and also suggesting the importance of microbiota in asthma pathogenesis. Considering the reduced response to corticosteroids, other pharmacologic treatments have been shown to be effective regardless of body mass index. Non-pharmacologic treatments (namely weight reduction and dietary changes) may bring substantial benefit to the asthmatic patient. Taken together, this evidence points towards the need to improve our knowledge in this filed and, in particular, to address the influence of environmental factors in metabolic dysfunction and asthma development. Personalized medicine is definitely needed to optimize treatment, including a holistic view of the asthmatic patient in order to set accurate pharmacologic therapy together with dietary, physical exercise and lifestyle interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Pite
- Allergy Center, CUF Infante Santo Hospital/CUF Descobertas Hospital, Lisbon, Portugal.,CEDOC, Chronic Diseases Research Center, NOVA Medical School/Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Laura Aguiar
- Allergy Center, CUF Infante Santo Hospital/CUF Descobertas Hospital, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Judit Morello
- CEDOC, Chronic Diseases Research Center, NOVA Medical School/Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Emília C Monteiro
- CEDOC, Chronic Diseases Research Center, NOVA Medical School/Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ana Catarina Alves
- Department of Health Promotion and Chronic Diseases, National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Lisbon, Portugal.,Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute (BioISI), Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Mafalda Bourbon
- Department of Health Promotion and Chronic Diseases, National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Lisbon, Portugal.,Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute (BioISI), Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Mário Morais-Almeida
- Allergy Center, CUF Infante Santo Hospital/CUF Descobertas Hospital, Lisbon, Portugal
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Ozato N, Saito S, Yamaguchi T, Katashima M, Tokuda I, Sawada K, Katsuragi Y, Kakuta M, Imoto S, Ihara K, Nakaji S. Association between breath methane concentration and visceral fat area: a population-based cross-sectional study. J Breath Res 2020; 14:026008. [PMID: 31835267 DOI: 10.1088/1752-7163/ab61c6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
High visceral fat area (VFA) is a stronger predictor of cardiovascular disease and overall mortality, compared with body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC). Recent reports demonstrate that obesity is related to breath gas, which is produced by the intestinal microflora. However, these studies define obesity using BMI, not VFA. In this population-based cross-sectional study, we investigated the relationship between breath gases (methane and hydrogen) and both VFA and BMI. A total of 1033 participants (62% women; age [mean ± standard deviation] 54.4 ± 14.9 years) in the 2015 Iwaki Health Promotion Project in Japan were enrolled in the study. Breath samples were collected using a breath bag and analyzed by gas chromatography. VFA was measured using a visceral fat meter. The proportion of methanogenic bacteria to total intestinal microbiota was measured by polymerase chain reaction and 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis. Our analysis revealed a significant association between high VFA and low breath methane, even after adjusting for confounding factors (B = -0.024 and P = 0.004). To identify the association between breath methane and VFA in participants with methane-producing bacteria in their intestinal microflora, participants were divided into two groups based on the presence or absence of methanogenic bacteria in their stool. The Methanogen + group was further divided into two subgroups with breath methane higher (Methane-UP) or lower (Methane-LO) than the median breath methane concentration. VFA was significantly lower in the Methane-UP group than in the Methane-LO group. In participants with methanogenic bacteria, breath methane concentration might be an independent biomarker of visceral fat accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Ozato
- Department of Active Life Promotion Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki University, Japan. Health Care Food Research Laboratories, Kao Corporation, Japan
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Impact of commonly used drugs on the composition and metabolic function of the gut microbiota. Nat Commun 2020; 11:362. [PMID: 31953381 PMCID: PMC6969170 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-14177-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 455] [Impact Index Per Article: 91.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The human gut microbiota has now been associated with drug responses and efficacy, while chemical compounds present in these drugs can also impact the gut bacteria. However, drug–microbe interactions are still understudied in the clinical context, where polypharmacy and comorbidities co-occur. Here, we report relations between commonly used drugs and the gut microbiome. We performed metagenomics sequencing of faecal samples from a population cohort and two gastrointestinal disease cohorts. Differences between users and non-users were analysed per cohort, followed by a meta-analysis. While 19 of 41 drugs are found to be associated with microbial features, when controlling for the use of multiple medications, proton-pump inhibitors, metformin, antibiotics and laxatives show the strongest associations with the microbiome. We here provide evidence for extensive changes in taxonomy, metabolic potential and resistome in relation to commonly used drugs. This paves the way for future studies and has implications for current microbiome studies by demonstrating the need to correct for multiple drug use. Here, via a metagenomics analysis of population-based and disease cohorts, Vich Vila et al. study the impact of 41 commonly used medications on the taxonomic structures, metabolic potential and resistome of the gut microbiome, underscoring the importance of correcting for multiple drug use in microbiome studies.
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36
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Togo AH, Grine G, Khelaifia S, des Robert C, Brevaut V, Caputo A, Baptiste E, Bonnet M, Levasseur A, Drancourt M, Million M, Raoult D. Culture of Methanogenic Archaea from Human Colostrum and Milk. Sci Rep 2019; 9:18653. [PMID: 31819085 PMCID: PMC6901439 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-54759-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Archaeal sequences have been detected in human colostrum and milk, but no studies have determined whether living archaea are present in either of these fluids. Methanogenic archaea are neglected since they are not detected by usual molecular and culture methods. By using improved DNA detection protocols and microbial culture techniques associated with antioxidants previously developed in our center, we investigated the presence of methanogenic archaea using culture and specific Methanobrevibacter smithii and Methanobrevibacter oralis real-time PCR in human colostrum and milk. M. smithii was isolated from 3 colostrum and 5 milk (day 10) samples. M. oralis was isolated from 1 milk sample. For 2 strains, the genome was sequenced, and the rhizome was similar to that of strains previously isolated from the human mouth and gut. M. smithii was detected in the colostrum or milk of 5/13 (38%) and 37/127 (29%) mothers by culture and qPCR, respectively. The different distribution of maternal body mass index according to the detection of M. smithii suggested an association with maternal metabolic phenotype. M. oralis was not detected by molecular methods. Our results suggest that breastfeeding may contribute to the vertical transmission of these microorganisms and may be essential to seed the infant's microbiota with these neglected critical commensals from the first hour of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amadou Hamidou Togo
- IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
- Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, APHM, MEPHI, Marseille, France
| | - Ghiles Grine
- IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
- Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, APHM, MEPHI, Marseille, France
| | - Saber Khelaifia
- IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
- Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, APHM, MEPHI, Marseille, France
| | - Clotilde des Robert
- APHM, CHU Hôpital de la Conception, Service de médecine néonatale, F-13385, Marseille, France
| | - Véronique Brevaut
- APHM, CHU Hôpital Nord, Service de médecine néonatale, Marseille, France
| | - Aurelia Caputo
- IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
- Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, APHM, MEPHI, Marseille, France
| | - Emeline Baptiste
- IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
- Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, APHM, MEPHI, Marseille, France
| | - Marion Bonnet
- IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
- Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, APHM, MEPHI, Marseille, France
| | - Anthony Levasseur
- IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
- Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, APHM, MEPHI, Marseille, France
| | - Michel Drancourt
- IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
- Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, APHM, MEPHI, Marseille, France
| | - Matthieu Million
- IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
- Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, APHM, MEPHI, Marseille, France
| | - Didier Raoult
- IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France.
- Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, APHM, MEPHI, Marseille, France.
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Poles MZ, Juhász L, Boros M. Methane and Inflammation - A Review (Fight Fire with Fire). Intensive Care Med Exp 2019; 7:68. [PMID: 31807906 PMCID: PMC6895343 DOI: 10.1186/s40635-019-0278-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammalian methanogenesis is regarded as an indicator of carbohydrate fermentation by anaerobic gastrointestinal flora. Once generated by microbes or released by a non-bacterial process, methane is generally considered to be biologically inactive. However, recent studies have provided evidence for methane bioactivity in various in vivo settings. The administration of methane either in gas form or solutions has been shown to have anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects in an array of experimental conditions, such as ischemia/reperfusion, endotoxemia and sepsis. It has also been demonstrated that exogenous methane influences the key regulatory mechanisms and cellular signalling pathways involved in oxidative and nitrosative stress responses. This review offers an insight into the latest findings on the multi-faceted organ protective activity of exogenous methane treatments with special emphasis on its versatile effects demonstrated in sepsis models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marietta Zita Poles
- Institute of Surgical Research, University of Szeged, Pulz u. 1., Szeged, H-6724, Hungary
| | - László Juhász
- Institute of Surgical Research, University of Szeged, Pulz u. 1., Szeged, H-6724, Hungary
| | - Mihály Boros
- Institute of Surgical Research, University of Szeged, Pulz u. 1., Szeged, H-6724, Hungary.
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Circadian misalignment imposed by nocturnal feeding tends to increase fat deposition in pigs. Br J Nutr 2019; 123:529-536. [PMID: 31771673 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114519003052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
AbstractMisalignment of day/night and feeding rhythms has been shown to increase fat deposition and the risk for metabolic disorders in humans and rodents. In most studies, however, food intake and intake patterns are not controlled. We studied the effects of circadian misalignment on energy expenditure in pigs while controlling for food intake as well as intake patterns. Twelve groups of five male pigs were housed in respiration chambers and fed either during the day (10.00–18.00 hours; DF) or night (22.00–06.00 hours; NF), bihourly the same sequential meals, representing 15, 10, 25, 30 and 20 % of the daily allowance. Paired feeding was applied to ensure equal gross energy intake between treatments. Apparent total tract digestibility, energy balances and heat partitioning were measured and analysed using a mixed linear model. Apparent total tract energy and DM digestibility tended to be lower for NF-pigs than DF-pigs (P < 0·10). Heat production was 3 % lower for NF-pigs than DF-pigs (P < 0·026), increasing fat retention by 7 % in NF-pigs (P = 0·050). NF-pigs were less active than DF-pigs during the feeding period, but more active during the fasting period. RMR was greater for DF-pigs than NF-pigs during the fasting period. Methane production was 30 % greater in NF-pigs than DF-pigs (P < 0·001). In conclusion, circadian misalignment has little effect on nutrient digestion, but alters nutrient partitioning, ultimately increasing fat deposition. The causality of the association between circadian misalignment and methane production rates remains to be investigated.
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Liu CJ, Liang X, Niu ZY, Jin Q, Zeng XQ, Wang WX, Li MY, Chen XR, Meng HY, Shen R, Sun SY, Luo YY, Yang E, Geng JW, Li XR. Is the delivery mode a critical factor for the microbial communities in the meconium? EBioMedicine 2019; 49:354-363. [PMID: 31685443 PMCID: PMC6945248 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2019.10.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Revised: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Mothers are the primary source of bacteria for newborns, but it is unclear whether mother-to-newborn transmission occurs prior to, during or after birth. Similarly, the effect of the delivery mode on neonatal microorganisms has been the focus of controversy. Methods Healthy maternal and neonatal pairs that underwent vaginal birth and caesarean section were enrolled in this study. Meconium, placenta, membrane and amniotic fluid samples for newborns and vaginal, rectal and oral samples for mothers were collected. All samples were amplified and sequenced by a 16S rRNA gene primer set targeting bacteria and archaea. Findings A total of 550 samples from 36 mother-neonate pairs with vaginal births and 42 mother-neonate pairs with caesarean sections were included in this study. The negative controls showed that the data analysis in this study was not affected by contamination. There was a high diversity of microbial communities in the pregnancy environment of the foetus. Meconium samples could be divided into three distinct types that were not influenced by the delivery method. Interpretation The distribution patterns of bacterial communities in the meconium, placenta, and foetal membranes were highly similar and had nothing to do with the mode of delivery. For approximately half of the placental microorganisms, the same sequence could be found in the vaginal, rectal, and oral samples of the mother.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Jian Liu
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Xiao Liang
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Hepatic Disease, the First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming 650032, Yunnan, China; Department of Infectious Diseases and Hepatic Disease, the Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650032, Yunnan, China
| | - Zhao-Yi Niu
- Obstetrics Department, Yan'an Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650051, Yunnan, China
| | - Qing Jin
- Obstetrics Department, Yan'an Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650051, Yunnan, China
| | - Xue-Qin Zeng
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Wen-Xue Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Hepatic Disease, the First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming 650032, Yunnan, China; Department of Infectious Diseases and Hepatic Disease, the Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650032, Yunnan, China
| | - Meng-Yue Li
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Xue-Rong Chen
- Obstetrics Department, Yan'an Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650051, Yunnan, China
| | - Hai-Yun Meng
- Obstetrics Department, Yan'an Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650051, Yunnan, China
| | - Ran Shen
- Obstetrics Department, Yan'an Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650051, Yunnan, China
| | - Shi-Yi Sun
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Yi-Yong Luo
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - En Yang
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Jia-Wei Geng
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Hepatic Disease, the First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming 650032, Yunnan, China; Department of Infectious Diseases and Hepatic Disease, the Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650032, Yunnan, China.
| | - Xiao-Ran Li
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, Yunnan, China.
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Bae HJ, Kim ST, Hong SG, Lee H, Choi HS, Cho YK, Kim TH, Chung SH. Risk Factors for Asymptomatic Colon Diverticulosis. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY 2019; 74:142-148. [PMID: 31554029 DOI: 10.4166/kjg.2019.74.3.142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Revised: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Backgrounds/Aims The etiology of colon diverticulosis is related to a range of genetic, biological, and environmental factors, but the risk factors for asymptomatic diverticulosis of the colon are unclear. This study examined the risk factors for asymptomatic colon diverticulosis. Methods This retrospective study included examinees who underwent a colonoscopy for screening at the health check-up center of SAM Hospital between January 2016 and December 2016. The examinees with colon diverticulosis found by colonoscopy were compared with those without diverticulosis. The comparison factors were age, gender, alcohol consumption, smoking status, medical history, lipid profile, body mass index, visceral fat area, waist-hip ratio, and severity of a fatty liver. Results This study included 937 examinees and the overall prevalence of diverticulosis was 8.1% (76/937). Fatty liver was found in 69.7% (53/76) in cases of colon diverticulosis and 50.3% (433/861) in the control group (p=0.001). The average waist-hip ratio was 0.92±0.051 in colon diverticulosis and 0.90±0.052 in the control group (p=0.052). Multivariate analysis revealed the waist-hip ratio (OR=1.035, 95% CI 1.000-1.070, p=0.043), moderate fatty liver (OR=2.238, 95% CI 1.026-4.882, p=0.043), and severe fatty liver (OR=5.519, 95% CI 1.236-21.803, p=0.025) to be associated with an increased risk of asymptomatic colon diverticulosis. Conclusions The waist-hip ratio, moderate fatty liver, and severe fatty liver are risk factors for asymptomatic colon diverticulosis. Central obesity, which can be estimated by the waist-hip ratio, and fatty liver might affect the pathogenesis of asymptomatic colon diverticulosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Jin Bae
- Department of Internal Medicine, Anyang SAM Hospital, Anyang, Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung Taek Kim
- Department of Radiology, Anyang SAM Hospital, Anyang, Korea
| | - Seung Goun Hong
- Department of Internal Medicine, Anyang SAM Hospital, Anyang, Korea
| | - Hyunjeong Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Anyang SAM Hospital, Anyang, Korea
| | - Hyo Sun Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Anyang SAM Hospital, Anyang, Korea
| | - Yoo-Kyung Cho
- Department of Internal Medicine, Anyang SAM Hospital, Anyang, Korea
| | - Tae Hyung Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Anyang SAM Hospital, Anyang, Korea
| | - Sook Hee Chung
- Department of Internal Medicine, Anyang SAM Hospital, Anyang, Korea
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41
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Singer-Englar T, Barlow G, Mathur R. Obesity, diabetes, and the gut microbiome: an updated review. Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2019; 13:3-15. [PMID: 30791839 DOI: 10.1080/17474124.2019.1543023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Obesity and diabetes are two of the most prevalent health problems and leading causes of death globally. As research on the intestinal microbiome increases, so does our understanding of its intricate relationship to these diseases, although this has yet to be fully elucidated. Areas covered: This review evaluates the role of the gut microbiome in obesity and diabetes, including the influences of internal and environmental factors. Literature searches were performed using the keywords 'diabetes,' 'insulin resistance,' 'gut microbiome,' 'gut microbes,' 'obesity,' and 'weight gain.' Expert commentary: Highlights of recent research include new findings regarding the effects of caloric restriction, which expound the importance of diet in shaping the gut microbiome, and studies reinforcing the lasting implications of antibiotic use for diabetes and obesity, particularly repeated doses in early childhood. Mechanistically, interactions between the microbiome and the host innate immune system, mediated by TLR4-LPS signaling, have been shown to meditate the metabolic benefits of caloric restriction. Further, gut microbes haven now been shown to regulate oxygen availability via butyrate production, thus protecting against the proliferation of pathogens such as E. coli and Salmonella. However, many microbial metabolites remain unidentified and their roles in obesity and diabetes remain to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahli Singer-Englar
- a Medically Associated Science and Technology (MAST) Program , Cedars-Sinai Medical Center , Los Angeles , CA , USA
| | - Gillian Barlow
- a Medically Associated Science and Technology (MAST) Program , Cedars-Sinai Medical Center , Los Angeles , CA , USA
| | - Ruchi Mathur
- a Medically Associated Science and Technology (MAST) Program , Cedars-Sinai Medical Center , Los Angeles , CA , USA
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Diet-Independent Correlations between Bacteria and Dysfunction of Gut, Adipose Tissue, and Liver: A Comprehensive Microbiota Analysis in Feces and Mucosa of the Ileum and Colon in Obese Mice with NAFLD. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 20:ijms20010001. [PMID: 30577415 PMCID: PMC6337295 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20010001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Revised: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 12/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is linked to obesity, adipose tissue inflammation, and gut dysfunction, all of which depend on diet. So far, studies have mainly focused on diet-related fecal microbiota changes, but other compartments may be more informative on host health. We present a first systematic analysis of microbiota changes in the ileum and colon using multiple diets and investigating both fecal and mucosal samples. Ldlr−/−.Leiden mice received one of three different energy-dense (ED)-diets (n = 15/group) for 15 weeks. All of the ED diets induced obesity and metabolic risk factors, altered short-chain fatty acids (SCFA), and increased gut permeability and NAFLD to various extents. ED diets reduced the diversity of high-abundant bacteria and increased the diversity of low-abundant bacteria in all of the gut compartments. The ED groups showed highly variable, partially overlapping microbiota compositions that differed significantly from chow. Correlation analyses demonstrated that (1) specific groups of bacteria correlate with metabolic risk factors, organ dysfunction, and NAFLD endpoints, (2) colon mucosa had greater predictive value than other compartments, (3) correlating bacteria differed per compartment, and (4) some bacteria correlated with plasma SCFA levels. In conclusion, this comprehensive microbiota analysis demonstrates correlations between the microbiota and dysfunctions of gut, adipose tissue, and liver, independent of a specific disease-inducing diet.
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43
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The human archaeome: methodological pitfalls and knowledge gaps. Emerg Top Life Sci 2018; 2:469-482. [PMID: 33525835 DOI: 10.1042/etls20180037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Revised: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Forty years ago, archaea were described as a separate domain of life, distinct from bacteria and eukarya. Although it is known for quite a long time that methanogenic archaea are substantial components of the human gastrointestinal tract (GIT) and the oral cavity, the knowledge on the human archaeome is very limited. Various methodological problems contribute to the invisibility of the human archaeome, resulting in severe knowledge gaps and contradictory information. Similar to the bacteriome, the archaeal biogeography was found to be site-specific, forming (i) the thaumarchaeal skin landscape, (ii) the (methano)euryarchaeal GIT landscape, (iii) a mixed skin/GIT landscape in nose, and (iv) a woesearchaeal lung landscape, including numerous unknown archaeal clades. Compared with so-called universal microbiome approaches, archaea-specific protocols reveal a wide diversity and high quantity of archaeal signatures in various human tissues, with up to 1 : 1 ratios of bacteria and archaea in appendix and nose samples. The archaeome interacts closely with the bacteriome and the human body cells, whereas the roles of the human-associated archaea with respect to human health are only sparsely described. Methanogenic archaea and methane production were correlated with many health issues, including constipation, periodontitis and multiple sclerosis. However, one of the most burning questions - do archaeal pathogens exist? - still remains obscure to date.
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44
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The gut microbiome of Mexican children affected by obesity. Anaerobe 2018; 55:11-23. [PMID: 30366118 DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2018.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Revised: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is a metabolic disorder and global health issue. In Mexico 34.4% of children between 5 and 11 years-old are overweight or obese. Here we address this issue studying the gut microbiome in a sample of Mexican children affected by obesity. We performed metagenomic shotgun-sequencing of DNA isolated from fecal samples from a cohort of normal weight and obese Mexican children using Illumina platform with HiSeq 2500. We also examined their metabolic factors and fecal short-chain fatty acids concentration. The results show that a remarkable dysbiosis of bacteria, archaea and viruses was not observed in the obese children group compared to the normal weight group; however, the archaeal community exhibited an increase of unclassified Methanobrevibacter spp. in obese children. The bacterial communities of all participants were clustered into three different enterotypes. Most normal weight children have a gut bacterial community dominated by Ruminococcus spp. (Enterotype 3), while most obese children had a community dominated by Prevotella spp. (Enterotype 2). On the other hand, changes in the gut microbiome were correlated with clinical metadata and could be used to stratify individuals based on their phenotype. The species Megamonas spp. were over-represented in obese children, whereas members of the family Oscillospiraceae were depleted in the same individuals and negatively correlated with levels of serum cholesterol. A microbiome comparative metabolic pathway analysis showed that two KEGG pathway modules of glycolysis, Glycolysis I (from Glucose 6-Phosphate), and Glycolysis II (from Fructose 6-Phosphate) were significantly overrepresented in normal weight children. Our results establish specific alterations in the gut microbiome of Mexican children affected of obesity, along with clinical alterations, providing information on the microbiome composition that may be useful for prognosis, diagnosis, and treatment.
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Atkinson FS, Hancock D, Petocz P, Brand-Miller JC. The physiologic and phenotypic significance of variation in human amylase gene copy number. Am J Clin Nutr 2018; 108:737-748. [PMID: 30239565 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqy164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Salivary α-amylase gene (AMY1) copy number (CN) correlates with the amount of salivary α-amylase, but beyond this, the physiologic significance is uncertain. Objective We hypothesized that individuals with higher AMY1 CN would digest starchy foods faster and show higher postprandial responses and lower breath hydrogen excretion compared with those with low CN. Design Four linked studies were conducted. In Study 1, we genotyped 201 healthy subjects with the use of real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and determined glucose tolerance, insulin sensitivity, salivary α-amylase activity, body mass index (BMI), and macronutrient intake. In Study 2, a pool of 114 subjects tested 6 starchy foods, 3 sugary foods, 1 mixed meal, and 2 reference glucose solutions, containing either 50 or 25 g of available carbohydrate. In Study 3, we compared glycemic and insulin responses to starchy foods with responses to glucose in 40 individuals at extremes of high and low CN. In Study 4, we compared breath hydrogen and methane responses over 8 h in 30 individuals at extremes of CN. Results AMY1 CN correlated positively with salivary α-amylase activity (r = 0.62, P < 0.0001, n = 201) but not with BMI, glucose tolerance, or insulin sensitivity. However, CN was strongly correlated with normalized glycemic responses to all starchy foods (explaining 26-61% of interindividual variation), but not to sucrose or fruit. Individuals in the highest compared with the lowest decile of CN produced modestly higher glycemia (+15%, P = 0.018), but not insulinemia, after consuming 2 starchy foods. Low-CN individuals displayed >6-fold higher breath methane levels in the fasting state and after starch ingestion than high-CN individuals (P = 0.001), whereas hydrogen excretion was similar. Conclusions Starchy foods are digested faster and produce higher postprandial glycemia in individuals with high AMY1 CN. In contrast, having low CN is associated with colonic methane production. This trial was registered at www.anzctr.org.au as ACTRN12617000670370.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona S Atkinson
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences and Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Dale Hancock
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences and Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Peter Petocz
- Department of Statistics, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jennie C Brand-Miller
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences and Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Berean KJ, Ha N, Ou JZ, Chrimes AF, Grando D, Yao CK, Muir JG, Ward SA, Burgell RE, Gibson PR, Kalantar-Zadeh K. The safety and sensitivity of a telemetric capsule to monitor gastrointestinal hydrogen production in vivo in healthy subjects: a pilot trial comparison to concurrent breath analysis. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2018; 48:646-654. [PMID: 30067289 DOI: 10.1111/apt.14923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Revised: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intestinal gases are currently used for the diagnosis of disorders including small intestinal bacterial overgrowth and carbohydrate malabsorption. AIM To compare the performance of measuring hydrogen production within the gut directly with the telemetric gas-sensing capsule with that of indirect measurement through breath testing. METHODS Using standard breath testing protocols, the capsules and breath tests were simultaneously evaluated in a single-blinded trial in 12 healthy subjects. Eight received a single dose of 1.25-40 g inulin and four 20 or 40 g glucose. Safety and reliability of the capsules were also assessed. RESULTS There were no reported adverse events. All capsules were retrieved and operated without failure. Capsule measurements were in agreement with breath test measurements in magnitude but not in timing; minimal hydrogen production was observed after glucose ingestion and capsule measurements correlated with breath hydrogen after ingestion of 40 g inulin. A dose-dependent increase in concentration of hydrogen was observed from the capsule following ingestion of inulin as low as 1.25 g compared with >10 g for breath measurements. Specifically, the capsule measured >3000 times higher concentrations of hydrogen compared to breath tests, resulting in a signal-to-noise ratio of 23.4 for the capsule compared to 4.2 for the breath test. CONCLUSIONS The capsule showed high sensitivity and signal-to-noise ratio in measuring luminal hydrogen concentrations, provided information on the site of intestinal gas production, and demonstrated safety and reliability. The capsule has potential for improving diagnostic precision for disorders such as small intestinal bacterial overgrowth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle J Berean
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Nam Ha
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jian Zhen Ou
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Adam F Chrimes
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Danilla Grando
- School of Science, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Chu K Yao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Alfred Health and Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jane G Muir
- Department of Gastroenterology, Alfred Health and Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Stephanie A Ward
- Monash School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Rebecca E Burgell
- Department of Gastroenterology, Alfred Health and Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Peter R Gibson
- Department of Gastroenterology, Alfred Health and Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kourosh Kalantar-Zadeh
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Kensington, Victoria, Australia
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Peters BA, Shapiro JA, Church TR, Miller G, Trinh-Shevrin C, Yuen E, Friedlander C, Hayes RB, Ahn J. A taxonomic signature of obesity in a large study of American adults. Sci Rep 2018; 8:9749. [PMID: 29950689 PMCID: PMC6021409 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-28126-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 192] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Animal models suggest that gut microbiota contribute to obesity; however, a consistent taxonomic signature of obesity has yet to be identified in humans. We examined whether a taxonomic signature of obesity is present across two independent study populations. We assessed gut microbiome from stool for 599 adults, by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. We compared gut microbiome diversity, overall composition, and individual taxon abundance for obese (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2), overweight (25 ≤ BMI < 30), and healthy-weight participants (18.5 ≤ BMI < 25). We found that gut species richness was reduced (p = 0.04), and overall composition altered (p = 0.04), in obese (but not overweight) compared to healthy-weight participants. Obesity was characterized by increased abundance of class Bacilli and its families Streptococcaceae and Lactobacillaceae, and decreased abundance of several groups within class Clostridia, including Christensenellaceae, Clostridiaceae, and Dehalobacteriaceae (q < 0.05). These findings were consistent across two independent study populations. When random forest models were trained on one population and tested on the other as well as a previously published dataset, accuracy of obesity prediction was good (~70%). Our large study identified a strong and consistent taxonomic signature of obesity. Though our study is cross-sectional and causality cannot be determined, identification of microbes associated with obesity can potentially provide targets for obesity prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandilyn A Peters
- Department of Population Health, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jean A Shapiro
- Division of Cancer Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Timothy R Church
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - George Miller
- Department of Surgery, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- NYU Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Chau Trinh-Shevrin
- Department of Population Health, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- NYU Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | | | | | - Richard B Hayes
- Department of Population Health, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- NYU Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jiyoung Ahn
- Department of Population Health, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
- NYU Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND The possible relationship between obesity and the risk of colonic diverticulosis has been suggested by recent epidemiologic studies, although the results were inconsistent. OBJECTIVE This systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to summarize all of the available data. DATA SOURCES A comprehensive literature review was conducted using the MEDLINE and EMBASE databases through January 2017. STUDY SELECTION Studies that compared the risk of colonic diverticulosis among subjects with obesity versus those without obesity were included. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Effect estimates from each study were extracted and combined together using a random-effect, generic inverse variance method. RESULTS Of 2989 potentially eligible articles, 10 studies (9 cross-sectional studies and 1 prospective cohort study) with 53,520 participants met the eligibility criteria and were included in the meta-analysis. The risk of colonic diverticulosis in obese subjects was significantly higher than in those without obesity, with a pooled OR of 1.41 (95% CI, 1.20-1.65). The statistical heterogeneity was high, with an I of 75%. LIMITATIONS High statistical heterogeneity and publication bias in favor of positive studies may have been present in this meta-analysis. CONCLUSIONS A significant association between colonic diverticulosis and obesity was shown in this study. However, additional studies are still required to determine the causality. See Video Abstract at http://links.lww.com/DCR/A500.
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49
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Sakai D, Hirooka Y, Kawashima H, Ohno E, Ishikawa T, Suhara H, Takeyama T, Koya T, Tanaka H, Iida T, Nishio R, Suzuki H, Uetsuki K, Matsushita M, Yamamura T, Furukawa K, Funasaka K, Nakamura M, Miyahara R, Watanabe O, Ishigami M, Tsuruta A, Shin W, Goto H. Increase in breath hydrogen concentration was correlated with the main pancreatic duct stenosis. J Breath Res 2018; 12:036004. [PMID: 29445052 DOI: 10.1088/1752-7163/aaaf77] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hydrogen is produced from unabsorbed carbohydrates in the intestine through degradation and metabolism by hydrogenase of intestinal bacteria. The hydrogen is then partially diffused into blood flow and released and detected in exhaled breath. Pancreatic juice production is decreased in patients with reduced pancreatic exocrine function, including those with pancreatic cancer, thus decreasing digestion and absorption of nutrients including carbohydrates, which may increase undigested carbohydrates in the intestine and increase breath hydrogen concentration (BHC). The aim of this study was to investigate the association between BHC and pancreatic diseases. METHODS A retrospective study was designed and 68 patients underwent morning fasting breath hydrogen test. Since there is no clear standard, normal BHC, the median of the measured values from the subjects (9 ppm) was adopted as the standard. The subjects were classified into those with a value exceeding the median (BHC high group: 32 patients) and a value equal to or below the median (BHC low group: 36 patients). Patients characteristics, blood test results and imaging findings characteristic of pancreatic diseases were compared between the groups. RESULTS The age was significantly higher (P = 0.010) and the incidences of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma and autoimmune pancreatitis were significantly higher (P = 0.018 and P = 0.004, respectively) in the BHC high group. With respect to the blood test items, the Alb level was significantly lower in the BHC high group (P = 0.005). With respect to the characteristic imaging findings of pancreatic diseases, the proportions of patients with pancreatic enlargement, the main pancreatic duct (MPD) stenosis, and the MPD dilatation were significantly higher in the BHC high group (P = 0.022, P < 0.001, and P = 0.002, respectively). On univariate analysis, only the MPD stenosis was extracted as an independent factor (P = 0.014). CONCLUSION It was suggested that the fasting BHC is associated with pancreatic diseases causing stenosis of the MPD, including pancreatic cancer (UMIN000020777).
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Sakai
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
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50
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Biasini B, Marchi L, Angelino D, Bedogni G, Zavaroni I, Pruneti C, Galli D, Mirandola P, Vitale M, Dei Cas A, Bonadonna RC, Passeri G, Ventura M, Del Rio D, Martini D. Claimed effects, outcome variables and methods of measurement for health claims on foods related to the gastrointestinal tract proposed under regulation (EC) 1924/2006. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2018; 69:771-804. [PMID: 29376748 DOI: 10.1080/09637486.2018.1427220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice Biasini
- Department of Food and Drugs, The Laboratory of Phytochemicals in Physiology, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Laura Marchi
- Department of Food and Drugs, The Laboratory of Phytochemicals in Physiology, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Donato Angelino
- Department of Food and Drugs, The Laboratory of Phytochemicals in Physiology, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Giorgio Bedogni
- Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Liver Research Center, Trieste, Italy
| | - Ivana Zavaroni
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Division of Endocrinology, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
- Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Carlo Pruneti
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Clinical Psychology Unit, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Daniela Galli
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Sport and Exercise Medicine Centre (SEM), University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Prisco Mirandola
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Sport and Exercise Medicine Centre (SEM), University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Marco Vitale
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Sport and Exercise Medicine Centre (SEM), University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Alessandra Dei Cas
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Division of Endocrinology, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
- Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Riccardo C. Bonadonna
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Division of Endocrinology, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
- Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Giovanni Passeri
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Unit of Andrology, Metabolic Bone Diseases and Endocrinology, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Marco Ventura
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Probiogenomics, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Daniele Del Rio
- Department of Food and Drugs, The Laboratory of Phytochemicals in Physiology, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Daniela Martini
- Department of Food and Drugs, The Laboratory of Phytochemicals in Physiology, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
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