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Omori T, Yamamoto K, Hara H, Shinno N, Yamamoto M, Sugimura K, Wada H, Takahashi H, Yasui M, Miyata H, Ohue M, Yano M, Sakon M. A randomized controlled trial of single-port versus multi-port laparoscopic distal gastrectomy for gastric cancer. Surg Endosc 2020; 35:4485-4493. [PMID: 32886237 DOI: 10.1007/s00464-020-07955-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This prospective randomized trial compared the invasiveness of laparoscopic gastrectomy using a single-port approach with that of a conventional multi-port approach in the treatment of gastric cancer. The benefit of single-port laparoscopic gastrectomy (SLG) over multi-port laparoscopic gastrectomy (MLG) has yet to be confirmed in a well-designed study. METHODS One hundred and one patients who were scheduled to undergo laparoscopic distal gastrectomy for histologically confirmed clinical stage I gastric cancer between April 2016 and September 2018 were randomly allocated to SLG (n = 50) or MLG (n = 51). The primary endpoints were the postoperative visual analog scale pain scores. Secondary endpoints were frequency of use of analgesia, short-term outcomes, such as operating time, intraoperative blood loss, inflammatory reactions, postoperative morbidity, and 90-day mortality. RESULTS The postoperative pain score was significantly lower in the SLG group than in the MLG group (p < 0.001) on the operative day and the postoperative day 1-7. Analgesics were administered significantly less often in the SLG group than in the MLG group (1 vs. 3 days, p = 0.0078) and the duration of use of analgesics was significantly shorter in the SLG group (2 vs. 3 days, p = 0.0171). The operating time was significantly shorter in the SLG group than in the MLG group (169 vs. 182 min, p = 0.0399). Other surgical outcomes were comparable between the study groups. CONCLUSIONS SLG was shown to be safe and feasible in the treatment of gastric cancer with better short-term results in terms of less severe pain and may be suitable for treatment of cStage I gastric cancer. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION UMIN000022218.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Omori
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka International Cancer Institute, 3-1-69 Otemae, Chuo-ku, Osaka, 541-8567, Japan.
| | - Kazuyoshi Yamamoto
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka International Cancer Institute, 3-1-69 Otemae, Chuo-ku, Osaka, 541-8567, Japan
| | - Hisashi Hara
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka International Cancer Institute, 3-1-69 Otemae, Chuo-ku, Osaka, 541-8567, Japan
| | - Naoki Shinno
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka International Cancer Institute, 3-1-69 Otemae, Chuo-ku, Osaka, 541-8567, Japan
| | - Masaaki Yamamoto
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka International Cancer Institute, 3-1-69 Otemae, Chuo-ku, Osaka, 541-8567, Japan
| | - Keijirou Sugimura
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka International Cancer Institute, 3-1-69 Otemae, Chuo-ku, Osaka, 541-8567, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Wada
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka International Cancer Institute, 3-1-69 Otemae, Chuo-ku, Osaka, 541-8567, Japan
| | - Hidenori Takahashi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka International Cancer Institute, 3-1-69 Otemae, Chuo-ku, Osaka, 541-8567, Japan
| | - Masayoshi Yasui
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka International Cancer Institute, 3-1-69 Otemae, Chuo-ku, Osaka, 541-8567, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Miyata
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka International Cancer Institute, 3-1-69 Otemae, Chuo-ku, Osaka, 541-8567, Japan
| | - Masayuki Ohue
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka International Cancer Institute, 3-1-69 Otemae, Chuo-ku, Osaka, 541-8567, Japan
| | - Masahiko Yano
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka International Cancer Institute, 3-1-69 Otemae, Chuo-ku, Osaka, 541-8567, Japan
| | - Masato Sakon
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka International Cancer Institute, 3-1-69 Otemae, Chuo-ku, Osaka, 541-8567, Japan
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Ishibashi Y, Oka S, Kanda S, Yube Y, Kohira Y, Kaji S, Egawa H, Jianzhong W, Zhang S, Fukunaga T. Hemi-double stapling technique performed with a transorally inserted anvil for esophagojejunostomy in the surgical treatment of gastric cancer. Asian J Endosc Surg 2020; 13:168-174. [PMID: 31099183 DOI: 10.1111/ases.12716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2018] [Revised: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION A transorally inserted anvil has been developed to facilitate the creation of a stapled anastomosis without the need for a purse string to secure the anvil into place during laparoscopic total gastrectomy (LTG). We describe a hemi-double stapling technique and application of a transorally inserted anvil for esophagojejunostomy during LTG, and we report the results of a retrospective study in which we examined the feasibility and safety of this method. We also describe the key technical details of the method. METHODS Our anastomotic method has four chief features: (a) the esophagus is cut at a slant, and its left cut end is cut and punched for the hemi-double stapling technique; (b) the anvil and circular stapler are connected, placing the distal jejunum in cranial traction; (c) a single layer of sutures is used to correct dog-earing and overlapping, and these points are completely closed with Lembert sutures; and (d) the jejunal limb is fixed to the duodenal stump to prevent kinking of the jejunal limb and to decrease tension on the anastomosis. RESULTS This method has been used in 53 patients thus far. LTG with Roux-en-Y reconstruction was successful in all patients, and there was no need for conversion to open surgery. The mean operative time was 313 minutes, and the mean blood loss was 106 mL. The mean postoperative hospital stay was 18 days. There was no anastomotic leakage or stenosis. CONCLUSION Hemi-double stapling technique with a transorally inserted anvil for LTG can be performed safely and easily and safely. It can also product good outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Ishibashi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Minimally Invasive Surgery, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinichi Oka
- Department of Gastroenterology and Minimally Invasive Surgery, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Kanda
- Department of Gastroenterology and Minimally Invasive Surgery, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yukinori Yube
- Department of Gastroenterology and Minimally Invasive Surgery, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Kohira
- Department of Gastroenterology and Minimally Invasive Surgery, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sanae Kaji
- Department of Gastroenterology and Minimally Invasive Surgery, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroki Egawa
- Department of Gastroenterology and Minimally Invasive Surgery, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Wu Jianzhong
- Department of Gastroenterology and Minimally Invasive Surgery, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shun Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Minimally Invasive Surgery, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tetsu Fukunaga
- Department of Gastroenterology and Minimally Invasive Surgery, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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The Safety and Feasibility of Single-Port Laparoscopic Gastrectomy for Advanced Gastric Cancer. J Gastrointest Surg 2019; 23:1329-1339. [PMID: 30187335 DOI: 10.1007/s11605-018-3937-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Single-port laparoscopic surgery maximizes the advantages of laparoscopic surgery by reducing damage of the abdominal wall. However, no comparative studies have addressed its application to gastrectomy for advanced gastric cancer (AGC). We therefore aimed to demonstrate the safety and feasibility of single-port laparoscopic gastrectomy (SLG) for the treatment of AGC by comparing it with conventional multi-port laparoscopic gastrectomy (MLG). METHODS We searched the prospective gastric cancer database of our institute for patients with AGC who underwent SLG or MLG between October 2007 and December 2013. Cases of R2 resection with distant metastasis or concurrent surgery for comorbid malignant lesions were excluded. One-to-one propensity score matching was performed to reduce bias from confounding patient-related variables, and the short- and long-term outcomes were compared between the two groups. RESULTS We identified 216 patients who underwent SLG (n = 100) or MLG (n = 116). After propensity score matching, we selected 73 pairs of patients who underwent SLG (distal gastrectomy, 49; total gastrectomy, 24) or MLG (distal gastrectomy, 45; total gastrectomy, 28). While the mean operative times were comparable between the groups, the SLG group had less blood loss, a lower postoperative morbidity, and shorter postoperative hospital stays. The 5-year survival rates were 74.2% in the SLG group and 60.2% in the MLG group (P = 0.081 by log-rank test). CONCLUSIONS SLG is shown to be safe and feasible for the treatment of AGC, with better short-term results and acceptable oncologic outcomes and may be applicable for AGC treatment.
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Du J, Xue H, Hua J, Zhao L, Zhang Z. Intracorporeal classic circular-stapled gastrojejunostomy and jejunojejunostomy during laparoscopic distal gastrectomy: A simple, safe "intraluminal poke technique" for anvil placement. J Surg Oncol 2018; 119:464-471. [PMID: 30582618 DOI: 10.1002/jso.25353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Totally laparoscopic distal gastrectomy is being increasingly performed. However, an optimal procedure to achieve intracorporeal gastrojejunostomy and jejunojejunostomy for Roux-en-Y reconstruction after laparoscopic distal gastrectomy remains to be established. Compared with the simple and preferable circular-stapled Roux-en-Y reconstruction in open gastrectomy, application of intracorporeal circular-stapled gastrojejunostomy and jejunojejunostomy of Roux-en-Y reconstruction during laparoscopic distal gastrectomy have been limited (no report of intracorporeal circular-stapled jejunojejunostomy) because of the difficulties of intracorporeal purse-string suture and anvil placement. To address these problems, a simple and safe intraluminal poke technique of universal surgical concept and procedure was introduced and evaluated. METHODS Between March 2018 and August 2018, 24 consecutive patients with gastric cancer underwent totally laparoscopic distal gastrectomy in our hospital. Roux-en-Y reconstruction of intracorporeal circular-stapled gastrojejunostomy and jejunojejunostomy with the intraluminal poke technique was performed in all patients. Demographic and clinicopathologic characteristics, perioperative details and postoperative outcomes were analyzed. RESULTS The mean operative time was 203.6±26.2min, both proximal and distal tumor-free margins were achieved in all patients. The time for anvil placement at stomach and intestine was 5.9±1.3min and 3.9±0.7min, respectively. Intracorporeal gastrojejunostomy and jejunojejunostomy were successively completed following anvil placement with no any anastomosis-related sutures. There were 5 postoperative complications. Morbidities included pancreas fistula (n=1), stasis (n=2), atelectasis (n=1), pneumonia (n=1). These all patients recovered after conservative treatment. No postoperative anastomosis-related complications, such as anastomotic bleeding and leakage, or stenosis occurred during the median follow-up of 6.5 months. CONCLUSION The initial results suggest that the technique allowing easy and common anvil placement at stomach and intestine may be a simple, safe, preferable and time-saving procedure to accomplish intracorporeal circular-stapled gastrojejunostomy and jejunojejunostomy of Roux-en-Y reconstruction in totally laparoscopic distal gastrectomy as open surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianjun Du
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongyuan Xue
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jin Hua
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lizhi Zhao
- Department of Digestive Surgery, Hanzhong Central Hospital, Hanzhong, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ziqiang Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital North, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Omori T, Moon JH, Yamamoto K, Yanagimoto Y, Sugimura K, Miyata H, Yano M, Sakon M. A modified efficient purse-string stapling technique (mEST) that uses a new metal rod for intracorporeal esophagojejunostomy in laparoscopic total gastrectomy. Transl Gastroenterol Hepatol 2017; 2:61. [PMID: 28815221 DOI: 10.21037/tgh.2017.06.01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Intracorporeal esophagojejunostomy after laparoscopic total gastrectomy is technically difficult because this procedure should be performed in a narrow surgical field in the upper abdomen even when completely laparoscopic approaches are used. The placement of the anvil of a circular stapling device into the esophagus and connection the instrument to the anvil are extremely difficult steps in this surgery. Therefore, we developed a simple technique for intracorporeal esophagojejunostomy using hemi-double stapling technique; we named this technique the efficient purse-string stapling technique (EST). More recently, we have developed a modified EST (mEST) that utilizes a new stainless steel anvil rod instead of a plastic rod. Relative to the plastic rod, the steel rod is reusable and shorter; thus, it was easier to perform anvil placement into the esophagus with the steel rod. Anvil preparation for mEST: a stainless steel rod is attached to the shaft of the anvil, and the needle and thread are sutured to the tip of the rod. After complete insertion of the anvil into the esophageal cavity, the needle and thread are used to penetrate the anterior esophageal wall, and the esophagus is then clamped using a linear stapler just distal to the site penetrated by the thread. The linear stapler is fired, and anvil placement in the esophagus is simultaneously accomplished. After the rod is removed from the anvil, the instrument is intracorporeally connected to the anvil and then fired to complete the gastrojejunostomy. This technique is simple and facilitates intracorporeal reconstruction procedures in laparoscopic total gastrectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Omori
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, Japan
| | - Jeong-Ho Moon
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kazuyoshi Yamamoto
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoshitomo Yanagimoto
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, Japan
| | - Keijirou Sugimura
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Miyata
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masahiko Yano
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masato Sakon
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, Japan
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Feasibility and Safety of Laparoscopy-Assisted Subtotal Gastrectomy for Gastric Cancer Invading the Upper Stomach. Int Surg 2016. [DOI: 10.9738/intsurg-d-15-00321.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated the feasibility and safety of laparoscopy-assisted subtotal gastrectomy preserving a minimal remnant stomach for clinical T1 gastric cancer invading the upper stomach. Forty-three consecutive patients who underwent laparoscopy-assisted subtotal gastrectomy preserving a minimal remnant stomach were examined. In addition to the conventional laparoscopy-assisted distal gastrectomy, some short and posterior gastric arteries were resected. A minimal remnant stomach-jejunum anastomosis was made by using a circular stapler with regular anvil or transoral anvil. Transoral anvil was selected in 19 patients, and regular anvil was used in 24 patients. The median operation time was 288 minutes, and the median blood loss was 50 mL. Conversion to open surgery was required in 2 patients due to bleeding. No patient required conversion to open surgery due to the difficulty of the anastomosis. Nine patients developed postoperative complications, including grade 3 duodenal stump leakage in 1 patient and grade 2 anastomotic bleeding in another patient. No mortality was observed. Laparoscopy-assisted subtotal gastrectomy preserving a minimal remnant stomach is safe and feasible for early gastric cancer invading the upper stomach.
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Omori T, Fujiwara Y, Moon J, Sugimura K, Miyata H, Masuzawa T, Kishi K, Miyoshi N, Tomokuni A, Akita H, Takahashi H, Kobayashi S, Yasui M, Ohue M, Yano M, Sakon M. Comparison of Single-Incision and Conventional Multi-Port Laparoscopic Distal Gastrectomy with D2 Lymph Node Dissection for Gastric Cancer: A Propensity Score-Matched Analysis. Ann Surg Oncol 2016; 23:817-824. [PMID: 27510844 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-016-5485-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Single-incision laparoscopic surgery maximizes the advantages of laparoscopic surgery by reducing abdominal trauma; however, few comparative studies have addressed its role in gastric cancer. PURPOSE This study sought to demonstrate the safety and feasibility of single-incision laparoscopic distal gastrectomy (SLDG) with radical D2 lymphadenectomy by comparing its short- and long-term outcomes with those of conventional multi-port laparoscopic surgery (MLDG). METHODS From October 2007 to December 2011, we identified 175 patients with clinical stage I-III gastric cancer who underwent SLDG with D2 lymphadenectomy (n = 90) and MLDG (n = 85) according to a review of our prospective gastric cancer database in our institute. One-to-one propensity score matching was performed to compare short-term outcomes and long-term survival between the two groups. RESULTS Mean operative time was similar between the two groups, while blood loss was significantly lower in the SLDG group than in the MLDG group. Postoperative recovery was faster in the SLDG group in terms of earlier initiation of oral intake, less use of analgesics, and shorter hospital stay. Serum C-reactive protein levels were significantly lower in the SLDG group than in the MLDG group on postoperative days 1, 3, and 7, and the 5-year overall survival rate was not significantly different between the two groups (93.7 vs. 87.6 %; p = 0.689). CONCLUSIONS This study shows that SLDG with D2 lymphadenectomy is safe and feasible for gastric cancer, with better short-term outcomes than MLDG and acceptable oncologic outcomes. Thus, SLDG may be an attractive surgical alternative in minimally invasive surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Omori
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka Medical Center for Cancer and Cardiovascular Diseases, Osaka, Japan.
| | - Yoshiyuki Fujiwara
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka Medical Center for Cancer and Cardiovascular Diseases, Osaka, Japan
| | - JeongHo Moon
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka Medical Center for Cancer and Cardiovascular Diseases, Osaka, Japan
| | - Keijiro Sugimura
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka Medical Center for Cancer and Cardiovascular Diseases, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Miyata
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka Medical Center for Cancer and Cardiovascular Diseases, Osaka, Japan
| | - Toru Masuzawa
- Department of Surgery, Osaka Police Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kentaro Kishi
- Department of Surgery, Osaka Police Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Norikatsu Miyoshi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka Medical Center for Cancer and Cardiovascular Diseases, Osaka, Japan
| | - Akira Tomokuni
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka Medical Center for Cancer and Cardiovascular Diseases, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Akita
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka Medical Center for Cancer and Cardiovascular Diseases, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hidenori Takahashi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka Medical Center for Cancer and Cardiovascular Diseases, Osaka, Japan
| | - Syougo Kobayashi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka Medical Center for Cancer and Cardiovascular Diseases, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masayoshi Yasui
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka Medical Center for Cancer and Cardiovascular Diseases, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masayuki Ohue
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka Medical Center for Cancer and Cardiovascular Diseases, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masahiko Yano
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka Medical Center for Cancer and Cardiovascular Diseases, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masato Sakon
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka Medical Center for Cancer and Cardiovascular Diseases, Osaka, Japan
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Kouzu K, Tsujimoto H, Hiraki S, Horiguchi H, Nomura S, Ito N, Kanematsu K, Yamazaki K, Aosasa S, Yamamoto J, Hase K. Efficacy of totally laparoscopic distal gastrectomy for gastric cancer in elderly patients. Mol Clin Oncol 2016; 4:976-982. [PMID: 27284432 DOI: 10.3892/mco.2016.843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2015] [Accepted: 12/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Elderly patients are often considered as high-risk for major abdominal surgery due to reduced functional reserve and increased comorbidities. We herein evaluated the efficacy of totally laparoscopic distal gastrectomy (TLDG) in elderly patients with gastric cancer by measuring the postoperative systemic responses and postoperative analgesic consumption. A total of 102 patients with gastric cancer [57 who underwent TLDG and 45 who underwent laparoscopy-assisted distal gastrectomy (LADG)] were enrolled in this study. The patients were classified as elderly (aged ≥75 years) and non-elderly (aged <75 years) groups. The surgical outcome and postoperative analgesic consumption were evaluated. The elderly group exhibited a higher incidence of comorbidities and a longer postoperative hospital stay compared with those of younger patients, although there was no difference in the incidence of postoperative complications. In addition, the total consumption of additional analgesics until postoperative day 5 in patients who underwent TLDG was significantly lower compared with that in patients who underwent LADG in the elderly group; there was no such difference in the non-elderly group. The results suggested that TLDG was better for the management of postoperative pain in elderly patients with gastric cancer, who exhibit the highest mortality rates in the adult surgical population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keita Kouzu
- Department of Surgery, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Saitama 359-8513, Japan
| | - Hironori Tsujimoto
- Department of Surgery, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Saitama 359-8513, Japan
| | - Shuichi Hiraki
- Department of Surgery, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Saitama 359-8513, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Horiguchi
- Department of Surgery, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Saitama 359-8513, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Nomura
- Department of Surgery, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Saitama 359-8513, Japan
| | - Nozomi Ito
- Department of Surgery, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Saitama 359-8513, Japan
| | - Kyohei Kanematsu
- Department of Surgery, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Saitama 359-8513, Japan
| | - Kenji Yamazaki
- Department of Surgery, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Saitama 359-8513, Japan
| | - Suefumi Aosasa
- Department of Surgery, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Saitama 359-8513, Japan
| | - Junji Yamamoto
- Department of Surgery, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Saitama 359-8513, Japan
| | - Kazuo Hase
- Department of Surgery, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Saitama 359-8513, Japan
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Totally Laparoscopic Total Gastrectomy for Gastric Cancer at a Single Institutional Experience and Changes in Technique of Esophagojejunostomy. Indian J Surg 2016; 78:249-53. [PMID: 27358526 DOI: 10.1007/s12262-016-1471-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2015] [Accepted: 03/09/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The totally laparoscopic total gastrectomy (TLTG) for gastric cancer has not gained widespread acceptance due to its technical difficulties, especially with the intracorporeal esophagojejunostomy (IEJS). Various modified procedures for the IEJS have been devised, but an optimal method has not yet been standardized. A total of 32 consecutive patients (23 men and 9 women) underwent TLTGs for gastric cancer, between December of 2009 and December of 2014 at the Iwate Medical University Hospital, and were enrolled in this study. Here, we report our institution's experience with TLTGs, with changes in the IEJS. The study participants had a mean age of 66.8 years and a body mass index of 22.8 kg/m2. The mean operation time and blood loss were 356.1 min and 61.2 mL, respectively. According to the IEJS, there were 6 circular stapler (CS) (single and double stapling techniques) and 26 linear stapler (LS) (overlap technique and functional end-to-end anastomosis) procedures performed. Two patients, who had undergone IEJS by double stapling technique, developed anastomotic stenosis and required endoscopic balloon dilatations of the anastomotic sites. Therefore, we changed to LS to secure the abundant anastomotic diameter. In our institute, some problematic complications in the IEJS procedure occurred at the introduction of the TLTG. We have overcome these complications by changing and standardizing the IEJS techniques, and by cultivating the laparoscopic techniques.
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Akamatsu H, Tanemura M, Kishi K, Tei M, Masuzawa T, Wakasugi M. New approaches in laparoscopic surgery for colorectal diseases: The totally laparoscopic and single-incision approaches. World J Surg Proced 2015; 5:58-64. [DOI: 10.5412/wjsp.v5.i1.58] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2014] [Revised: 12/08/2014] [Accepted: 01/12/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
More than 20 years have passed since the first report of laparoscopic colectomy in 1991. Thereafter, laparoscopic surgery for the management of colorectal diseases has been widely accepted as a prevailing option because of improved cosmetic outcomes, less postoperative pain, and shorter hospital stay in comparison with open surgery. To further the principle of minimally invasive surgery, two new approaches have been developed in this rapidly evolving field. The first is the totally laparoscopic approach. Currently most of standard techniques inevitably involve an abdominal incision for retrieval of the specimen and preparation for anastomosis, which might compromise the benefits of laparoscopic surgery. The totally laparoscopic approach dispenses with this incision by combining completely intraperitoneal anastomosis with retrieval of the specimen via a natural orifice, such as the anus or the vagina. Our new and reliable technique for intraperitoneal anastomosis is also described in detail in this article. The second is the single-incision approach. While three to six ports are needed in standard laparoscopic surgery, the single-incision approach uses the umbilicus as the sole access to the abdominal cavity. All of the laparoscopic procedures are performed entirely through the umbilicus, in which the surgical scar eventually becomes hidden, achieving virtually scarless surgery. This article reviews the current status of these two approaches and discusses the future of minimally invasive surgery for colorectal diseases.
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Kim JH, Choi CI, Kim DI, Kim DH, Jeon TY, Kim DH, Park DY. Intracorporeal esophagojejunostomy using the double stapling technique after laparoscopic total gastrectomy: A retrospective case-series study. World J Gastroenterol 2015; 21:2973-2981. [PMID: 25780295 PMCID: PMC4356917 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v21.i10.2973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2014] [Revised: 12/08/2014] [Accepted: 02/05/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To introduce a simple and safe anvil insertion technique to esophagus during laparoscopic total gastrectomy (LTG).
METHODS: Between July 2010 and December 2012, 58 consecutive patients with early gastric cancer underwent LTG were enrolled. We performed a simple and safe Roux-en-Y esophagojejunostomy using the double stapling technique to all patients. Then patients’ characteristics, perioperative outcome and histopathologic data were analyzed retrospectively.
RESULTS: The mean age and body mass index were 59.3 ± 9.7 years and 22.7 ± 2.6 kg/m2. The mean operation, reconstruction and anvil insertion times (from gastric incision to linear stapling) were 251.8 ± 57.0, 43.1 ± 2.8 and 4.2 ± 1.9 min, respectively. Intraoperative blood loss was 204.6 ± 156.3 mL and there was no open conversion. The postoperative complications were in 8 cases (delayed gastric emptying in 4 cases, pulmonary complication in 2 cases, pancreatitis in 1 case, anastomotic stricture in 1 case). Anastomotic stricture occurred after discharge and was recovered by endoscopic intervention. The patients were discharged at a mean of 9.6 ± 2.0 d after surgery. Neither leakage nor bleeding from the esophagojejunostomy occurred postoperatively. The mean proximal margin of specimen was 2.7 ± 2.8 cm
CONCLUSION: Roux-en Y esophagojejunostomy using the double stapling technique is simple and rapid, and it may offer a solid, alternative reconstruction method for LTG or proximal gastrectomy.
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12
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Shen G, Pan SB, Wu M, Zhang S, Xu XF, Chen G. Use of efficient purse-string stapling technique for esophagogastric anastomosis in minimally invasive Ivor Lewis esophagectomy. J Thorac Dis 2014; 5:898-901. [PMID: 24416510 DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.2072-1439.2013.12.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2013] [Accepted: 12/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Minimally invasive esophagectomy (MIE) is increasingly accepted in the treatment of locoregional or advanced esophageal cancer. Laparoscopic-thoracoscopic Ivor-Lewis esophagectomy has been proved to be effective in treating middle and distal esophageal cancer, however, intrathoracic esophagogastric anastomosis is technically complex. When using circular stapler for making intrathoracic anastomosis in MIE, both transoral and transthoracic methods are frequently used for delivering the anvil into the esophageal stump. Herein, we report a new method to construct a thoracoscopic esophagogastric anastomosis by using a circular stapler: efficient purse-string stapling technique (EST). This technique is easy to handle and especially good to be used in patients with distal esophageal cancer or expanded esophageal cavity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Shen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Sai-Bo Pan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Ming Wu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Sai Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Xiao-Fang Xu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, China
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Total Laparoscopic Distal Gastrectomy With Roux-en Y Reconstruction. Surg Laparosc Endosc Percutan Tech 2013; 23:349-53. [DOI: 10.1097/sle.0b013e3182773db8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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14
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Hiki N, Nunobe S, Kubota T, Jiang X. Function-preserving gastrectomy for early gastric cancer. Ann Surg Oncol 2013; 20:2683-92. [PMID: 23504120 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-013-2931-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The number of early gastric cancer (EGC) cases has been increasing because of improved diagnostic procedures. Applications of function-preserving gastric cancer surgery may therefore also be increasing because of its low incidence of lymph node metastasis, excellent survival rates, and the possibility of less-invasive procedures such as laparoscopic gastrectomy being used in combination. Pylorus-preserving gastrectomy (PPG) with radical lymph node dissection is one such function-preserving procedure that has been applied for EGC, with the indications, limitations, and survival benefits of PPG already reported in several retrospective studies. Laparoscopy-assisted proximal gastrectomy has also been applied for EGC of the upper third of the stomach, although this procedure can be associated with the 2 major problems of reflux esophagitis and carcinoma arising in the gastric stump. In the patient with EGC in the upper third of the stomach, laparoscopy-assisted subtotal gastrectomy with a preserved very small stomach may provide a better quality of life for the patients and fewer postoperative complications. Finally, the laparoscopy endoscopy cooperative surgery procedure combines endoscopic submucosal dissection with laparoscopic gastric wall resection, which prevents excessive resection and deformation of the stomach after surgery and was recently applied for EGC cases without possibility of lymph node metastasis. Function-preserving laparoscopic gastrectomy is recommended for the treatment of EGC if the indication followed by accurate diagnosis is strictly confirmed. Preservation of remnant stomach sometimes causes severe postoperative dysfunctions such as delayed gastric retention in PPG, esophageal reflux in PG, and gastric stump carcinoma in the remnant stomach. Moreover, these techniques present technical difficulties to the surgeon. Although many retrospective studies showed the functional benefit or oncological safety of function-preserving gastrectomy, further prospective studies using large case series are necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Hiki
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Cancer Institute Ariake Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.
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15
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Hosogi H, Kanaya S. Intracorporeal anastomosis in laparoscopic gastric cancer surgery. J Gastric Cancer 2012; 12:133-9. [PMID: 23094224 PMCID: PMC3473219 DOI: 10.5230/jgc.2012.12.3.133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2012] [Revised: 07/18/2012] [Accepted: 07/18/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Laparoscopic gastrectomy has become widely used as a minimally invasive technique for the treatment of gastric cancer. When it was first introduced, most surgeons preferred a laparoscopic-assisted approach with a minilaparotomy rather than a totally laparoscopic procedure because of the technical challenges of achieving an intracorporeal anastomosis. Recently, with improved skills and instruments, several surgeons have reported the safety and feasibility of a totally laparoscopic gastrectomy with intracorporeal anastomosis. This review describes the recent technical advances in intracorporeal anastomoses using circular and linear staplers that allow for totally laparoscopic distal, total, and proximal gastrectomies. Data that demonstrate advantages in early surgical outcomes of a total laparoscopic method compared to laparoscopic-assisted operations are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisahiro Hosogi
- Department of Surgery, Osaka Red Cross Hospital, Osaka, Japan
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16
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Totally laparoscopic Billroth II gastrectomy with a novel, safe, simple, and time-saving anastomosis by only stapling devices. J Gastrointest Surg 2012; 16:738-43. [PMID: 22160781 DOI: 10.1007/s11605-011-1796-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2011] [Accepted: 11/23/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Totally laparoscopic gastrectomy represents the evolution of laparoscopy-assisted gastrectomy. Most surgeons prefer laparoscopy-assisted gastrectomy rather than totally laparoscopic procedures because of technical difficulties of intracorporeal anastomosis. We created one novel stapling anastomosis without hand-sewn technique in totally laparoscopic Billroth II gastrectomy. The feasibility and early surgical outcomes of totally laparoscopic Billroth II gastrectomy with stapling anastomosis and with hand-sewn anastomosis were introduced in this study. METHODS We retrospectively analyzed early surgical outcomes in 70 patients who underwent totally laparoscopic Billroth II distal gastrectomy for gastric cancer between January 2010 and July 2011. The patients were divided into hand-sewn and device groups according to whether intracorporeal anastomosis was performed by only hand-sewn technique (n = 36) or only stapling devices (n = 34). In the device group, the gastrojejunostomy was performed using a circular stapler, and an additional side-to-side jejunojejunostomy was made at the site of jejunal enterotomy. RESULTS There was no difference in the mean number of lymph nodes retrieved in both groups. The blood loss (hand-sewn group 205.8 ± 37.4 vs. device group 201.2 ± 51.2 ml, p > 0.05) and hospital stay (hand-sewn group 6.5 ± 3.7 vs. device group 5.9 ± 4.1 days, p > 0.05) were similar in both groups. We found that intracorporeal anastomosis by totally stapling devices was associated with decreased operative time (hand-sewn group 239.0 ± 40.1 vs. device group 203.6 ± 27.9 min, p < 0.05). CONCLUSION We suggest that intracorporeal anastomosis using only stapling devices in the described method was as safe and feasible as by hand-sewn technique. Moreover, it is a simple and time-saving method without any difficult hand-sewn procedures.
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Hamabe A, Omori T, Tanaka K, Nishida T. Comparison of long-term results between laparoscopy-assisted gastrectomy and open gastrectomy with D2 lymph node dissection for advanced gastric cancer. Surg Endosc 2011; 26:1702-9. [PMID: 22207307 DOI: 10.1007/s00464-011-2096-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2011] [Accepted: 11/26/2011] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Laparoscopy-assisted gastrectomy (LAG) has been established as a low-invasive surgery for early gastric cancer. However, it remains unknown whether it is applicable also for advanced gastric cancer, mainly because the long-term results of LAG with D2 lymph node dissection for advanced gastric cancer have not been well validated compared with open gastrectomy (OG). METHODS A retrospective cohort study was performed to compare LAG and OG with D2 lymph node dissection. For this study, 167 patients (66 LAG and 101 OG patients) who underwent gastrectomy with D2 lymph node dissection for advanced gastric cancer were reviewed. Recurrence-free survival and overall survival time were estimated using Kaplan-Meier curves. Stratified log-rank statistical evaluation was used to compare the difference between the LAG and OG groups stratified by histologic type, pathologic T status, N status, and postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy. The adjusted Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to calculate the hazard ratios (HRs) of LAG. RESULTS The 5-year recurrence-free survival rate was 89.6% in the LAG group and 75.8% in the OG group (nonsignificant difference; stratified log-rank statistic, 3.11; P = 0.0777). The adjusted HR of recurrence for LAG compared with OG was 0.389 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.131-1.151]. The 5-year overall survival rate was 94.4% in the LAG group and 78.5% in the OG group (nonsignificant difference; stratified log-rank statistic, 0.4817; P = 0.4877). The adjusted HR of death for LAG compared with OG was 0.633 (95% CI 0.172-2.325). CONCLUSIONS The findings show that LAG with D2 lymph node dissection is acceptable in terms of long-term results for advanced gastric cancer cases and may be applicable for advanced gastric cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Hamabe
- Department of Surgery, Osaka Police Hospital, 10-31, Kitayama-cho, Tennoji-ku, Osaka 543-0035, Japan.
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Omori T, Tanaka K, Tori M, Ueshima S, Akamatsu H, Nishida T. Intracorporeal circular-stapled Billroth I anastomosis in single-incision laparoscopic distal gastrectomy. Surg Endosc 2011; 26:1490-4. [PMID: 22044985 DOI: 10.1007/s00464-011-2034-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2011] [Accepted: 10/15/2011] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The intracorporeal anastomotic procedure is one of the most difficult components in single-incision laparoscopic gastrectomy. We describe a simple surgical technique for intracorporeal circular-stapled Billroth I gastroduodenostomy with transumbilical introduction of the instrument. SURGICAL TECHNIQUE After standard laparoscopic mobilization of the distal stomach using a mini-loop retractor (diameter, 2 mm), a semi-circumference duodenotomy was made just distal to the pyloric ring. The anvil of a circular stapling device, secured with a Prolene suture with a needle, was introduced via the duodenotomy. The suture was advanced anteriorly such that an anvil shaft transfixed the anterior duodenal wall. The duodenum was staple-transected at this point, and the anvil shaft was removed from the duodenum by pulling the thread. The anvil shaft was advanced against the posterior wall of the stomach and tightly grasped by the mini-loop retractor to avoid slippage. After the cartridge-carrying instrument was introduced transumbilically with the pneumoperitoneum maintained using a surgical glove, the anvil shaft was connected with the center rod of the instrument under fine laparoscopic view. The instrument was fired to complete the circular-stapled gastroduodenostomy. RESULTS We employed this technique in 20 patients. Neither postoperative complications, including anastomotic leakage and stricture, nor postoperative mortality were observed. CONCLUSIONS Our modified technique for intracorporeal Billroth I reconstruction in single-incision laparoscopic distal gastrectomy is safe and feasible. This technique could be an attractive surgical option for all laparoscopic reconstructive procedures using circular stapling devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Omori
- Department of Surgery, Osaka Police Hospital, 10-31 Kitayama-cho, Tennoji-ku, Osaka, 543-0035, Japan.
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Laparoscopy-assisted subtotal gastrectomy with very small remnant stomach: a novel surgical procedure for selected early gastric cancer in the upper stomach. Gastric Cancer 2011; 14:194-9. [PMID: 21347820 DOI: 10.1007/s10120-011-0023-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2010] [Accepted: 12/01/2010] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Total gastrectomy or proximal gastrectomy is usually performed either as an open procedure or laparoscopically for the treatment of early gastric cancer (EGC) in the upper stomach. However, quality of life after either total or proximal gastrectomy is not so satisfactory. The authors report a novel surgical procedure, laparoscopy-assisted subtotal gastrectomy (LAsTG), by which a very small remnant stomach is preserved, for the surgery of selected EGCs in the upper stomach. Twenty-three patients with EGC in the upper stomach underwent LAsTG. After lymph node dissection and mobilization of the stomach, the stomach was transected about 2 cm proximal to the tumor and a very small remnant stomach was preserved. An anvil was inserted transorally into the remnant stomach by using the OrVil system. The reconstruction method was Roux-en-Y, and hemidouble-stapling gastrojejunostomy with a circular stapler was performed intracorporeally. There were no intraoperative complications or conversions to open surgery. Mean operation time and blood loss were 266.7 min and 54.6 ml, respectively. The overall incidence of early postoperative complications was 17.4%, and two patients underwent reoperation because of duodenal stump leakage and stenosis of the Y-anastomosis, respectively. During the follow-up period, two patients experienced gastrojejunostomy stenosis and both were treated successfully by endoscopic balloon dilation. LAsTG may be performed in selected patients with EGC in the upper stomach. With the described method, a very small remnant stomach can be preserved.
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Transumbilical single-incision laparoscopic distal gastrectomy for early gastric cancer. Surg Endosc 2011; 25:2400-4. [PMID: 21298524 DOI: 10.1007/s00464-010-1563-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2010] [Accepted: 12/29/2010] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Laparoscopic gastrectomy is a widely accepted procedure for treating early gastric cancers. This procedure is less invasive than conventional open approaches, and the oncologic outcomes are comparable. Single-incision laparoscopic surgery, developed to reduce the invasiveness of traditional laparoscopy, is applied to various abdominal surgical procedures. However, its application to laparoscopic gastrectomy for the treatment of gastric cancer has not been reported, mainly because of difficulties achieving adequate lymphadenectomy and reconstruction. The authors report their initial clinical experience with single-incision laparoscopic gastrectomy for early gastric cancer. METHODS A single vertical 2.5-cm intraumbilical incision was made, and three laparoscopic trocars were placed within the umbilicus. A 2-mm mini-loop retractor was inserted in the left upper and middle abdomen, and a roll of gauze was attached to its tip. This instrument is an atraumatic and useful tool for retracting various organs. Gastric mobilization and adequate dissection of lymph nodes were performed. The stomach and duodenum then were transected intracorporeally using linear staplers. Intracorporeal anastomosis was performed for reconstruction. RESULTS All seven single-incision laparoscopic distal gastrectomies with lymphadenectomy were performed without the use of additional trocars or conversion to laparotomy. The median time for gastric mobilization with lymphadenectomy was 155 min (range, 130-183 min). The median operative time was 344 min (range, 282-385 min), and the median estimated blood loss was 25 ml (range, 0-100 ml). A median total of 67 lymph nodes were retrieved. No serious perioperative complications occurred, and no mortalities were observed in this case series. CONCLUSIONS The authors' initial experience with single-incision laparoscopic distal gastrectomy showed that it is a feasible and safe procedure for early gastric cancer and gives a favorable cosmetic result. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first report describing successful single-incision laparoscopic gastrectomy for gastric cancer.
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