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Schol J, Huang IH, Balsiger L, Tóth J, Van den Houte K, Verheyden A, Raymenants K, Broeders B, Vanuytsel T, Tack J. The effect of corticotropin-release hormone on duodenal permeability and immune activation in healthy volunteers in a double-blind placebo-controlled study. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2025; 328:G457-G464. [PMID: 40167262 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00130.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2024] [Revised: 08/28/2024] [Accepted: 02/10/2025] [Indexed: 04/02/2025]
Abstract
In functional dyspepsia, increased gut permeability, low-grade inflammation, and altered sensorimotor function have been reported. Both stress and corticotropin-release hormone (CRH) have been shown to increase small bowel permeability in a mast-cell-dependent manner. Moreover, eosinophil-derived CRH has been implicated in mast cell activation. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether CRH administration alters duodenal permeability and immune activation in healthy volunteers (HVs). An intravenous bolus of 100-µg CRH or placebo was administered in HVs in a crossover, double-blind, randomized manner. Two hours later, a gastroscopy was performed to measure permeability in Ussing chambers and to count mast cells and eosinophils on duodenal biopsies. Supernatant was assessed for eosinophil-derived neurotoxin (EDN), tryptase, and chymase. In addition, CRH was administrated ex vivo to baseline biopsies pretreated with or without lodoxamide. Results are described as means ± SD. P values < 0.05 were considered significant. Twenty HVs completed the study. Mast cell or eosinophil counts were not significantly altered after CRH versus Placebo (respectively P = 0.31 and P = 0.069). Tryptase, but not chymase, significantly decreased after CRH (respectively P = 0.037 and P = 0.44) with a trend for a decrease in EDN (P = 0.053). Permeability was unaltered comparing both conditions. Ex vivo, transepithelial electrical resistance significantly decreased after CRH exposure compared with baseline (P = 0.010), which was not prevented by pretreatment with lodoxamide. In vivo CRH administration reduced tryptase levels in the supernatant of duodenal biopsies without affecting permeability, whereas ex vivo duodenal permeability increased regardless of mast cell stabilization. These results suggest the involvement of mast cells in regulating gut permeability in HVs in response to CRH, possibly influenced by in vivo compensatory mechanisms.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Our investigation breaks new ground by directly examining the effects of corticotropin-release hormone (CRH) on duodenal alterations, including permeability and immune activation, in healthy subjects. Intriguingly, our findings highlight disparities between ex vivo and in vivo pathways affecting duodenal permeability, offering novel insights into the potential pathophysiology of CRH on the duodenum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jolien Schol
- Translational Research Center in Gastro-Intestinal Disorders, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - I-Hsuan Huang
- Translational Research Center in Gastro-Intestinal Disorders, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical CenterTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Lukas Balsiger
- Translational Research Center in Gastro-Intestinal Disorders, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Joran Tóth
- Translational Research Center in Gastro-Intestinal Disorders, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Karen Van den Houte
- Translational Research Center in Gastro-Intestinal Disorders, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Annelies Verheyden
- Translational Research Center in Gastro-Intestinal Disorders, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Karlien Raymenants
- Translational Research Center in Gastro-Intestinal Disorders, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Bert Broeders
- Translational Research Center in Gastro-Intestinal Disorders, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Tim Vanuytsel
- Translational Research Center in Gastro-Intestinal Disorders, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jan Tack
- Translational Research Center in Gastro-Intestinal Disorders, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Seetharaman J, Poddar U, Srivastava A, Sarma MS, Yachha SK. Spectrum of Functional Abdominal Pain Disorders in Children and Their Clinical, Social Characteristics: A Cross-Sectional Study. JGH Open 2025; 9:e70162. [PMID: 40236936 PMCID: PMC11998175 DOI: 10.1002/jgh3.70162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2024] [Revised: 01/29/2025] [Accepted: 04/03/2025] [Indexed: 04/17/2025]
Abstract
Background/Aims Pediatric functional abdominal pain disorders (FAPDs) subtypes; functional dyspepsia (FD), irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), functional abdominal pain-not otherwise specified (FAP-NOS), and abdominal migraine (AM) are influenced by demographic and social factors. The study aimed to evaluate the spectrum and demographic and social factors associated with FAPD subtypes. Methods Consecutive children (< 18 years) diagnosed with FAPD subtypes according to ROME-IV criteria between April 2018 and March 2020 were included. The clinical, demographic, and social parameters were analyzed between various subtypes of FAPD, and factors responsible for severe symptoms were studied. Results A total of 479 children (mean age 12.34 ± 3.82 years, 60% boys) were included. FAP-NOS (63%) was the most commonly diagnosed subtype followed by IBS (17.4%) and FD (15%). The age at presentation, site of pain, duration of symptoms, and associated symptoms were significantly different among the three main subtypes (p < 0.001). Stressors could be identified in 39.3% and academic pressure (22.3%) was the most common. Family members with functional disorders (OR: 2.21, 95% CI: 1.31-3.42, p = 0.02), presence of stressors (OR: 2.03, 95% CI: 1.14-3.65, p = 0.016), and rural origin (OR: 1.75, 95% CI: 1.08-2.83, p = 0.023) predicted severe symptoms. Conclusions FAP-NOS is the most common FAPD subtype in children in India. Children with FAP-NOS are much younger than other subtypes of FAPD. The presence of stressors and functional disorders in family members could be associated with severe symptoms. However, it mandates more prospective studies to validate the findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayendra Seetharaman
- Department of Pediatric GastroenterologySanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical SciencesLucknowIndia
| | - Ujjal Poddar
- Department of Pediatric GastroenterologySanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical SciencesLucknowIndia
| | - Anshu Srivastava
- Department of Pediatric GastroenterologySanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical SciencesLucknowIndia
| | - Moinak Sen Sarma
- Department of Pediatric GastroenterologySanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical SciencesLucknowIndia
| | - Surender Kumar Yachha
- Department of Pediatric GastroenterologySanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical SciencesLucknowIndia
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da Silva MKF, Nichi M, Borges MS, Landgraf RG, Pereira MFA, Crespilho AM. Influence of animal temperament on body and reproductive development of beef bulls. Anim Reprod Sci 2025; 274:107788. [PMID: 39891960 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2025.107788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2024] [Revised: 01/22/2025] [Accepted: 01/23/2025] [Indexed: 02/03/2025]
Abstract
Several studies have related reactive temperament to poorer productive and reproductive performance in cattle. However, no studies have aimed to investigate the effect of temperament on sexual development and precocity of male cattle. The objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that reactive animals exhibit delayed sexual development and poorer reproductive performance. For the study, 40 crossbred male cattle (Nellore x Santa Gertrudis) at 12 months were selected. The animals underwent behavioral evaluation and were divided into two groups: calm (CA; n = 24) and reactive (RE; n = 16). All steers were weighed to monitor weight gain, and blood samples were collected to measure cortisol and testosterone concentrations. Semen collections by electroejaculation were performed to determine the onset of puberty and assess sperm quality. Cryopreservation tests were conducted, and the samples were evaluated for kinetics and plasma membrane integrity. Ultrasound examinations assessed testicular development. Additionally, testicular biopsies were performed to evaluate spermatid and spermatozoa ratios. There was a trend toward higher cortisol production (P = 0.07) in RE animals. Higher total (P = 0.03), average (P = 0.07), and daily (P = 0.06) weight gains were observed for CA animals. RE steers produced a higher proportion of cells with minor sperm defects (P = 0.06). Greater vesicular glands development was observed in CA animals (P = 0.01). No effect of temperament was observed on sexual precocity, cryotolerance, or testosterone production. It was concluded that although temperament does not influence age at puberty, reactive bulls exhibit poorer performance in body development, vesicular glands development, and fresh semen quality compared to calm bulls.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marcilio Nichi
- Department of Animal Reproduction, São Paulo University (USP), São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Sant'Ana Borges
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Faculty of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Richardt Gama Landgraf
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), Diadema, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - André Maciel Crespilho
- Santo Amaro University (UNISA), São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Central Bela Vista (CRV® Group), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Yeo S, Lee C, Park H, Eo K, Yeom SC, Kim H, Huh CS. Overcrowding Stress in Livestock Production Alters Gut Microbiota Composition and Neuronal Nitric Oxide Synthase (nNOS) Expression in nNOS-HiBiT Knock-in Mouse Model. Food Sci Anim Resour 2025; 45:598-613. [PMID: 40093639 PMCID: PMC11907421 DOI: 10.5851/kosfa.2024.e117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2024] [Revised: 10/09/2024] [Accepted: 11/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2025] Open
Abstract
Overcrowding stress in livestock farming is a significant concern for animal health and livestock products such as meats, milk, and eggs. It affects gut health by altering microbiota and regulating neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS). This study aimed to investigate the effects of overcrowding stress on the gut microbiota composition and nNOS expression. We generated an nNOS-HiBiT knock-in mouse model using the HiBiT system, a highly sensitive tool for accurately quantifying gene expression. Overcrowding stress was induced by housing twenty mice per cage (MPC20) and compared with a control group of two mice per cage (MPC2). Overcrowding stress increases nNOS levels in the hypothalamus and ileum and serum corticosterone levels. Gut microbial composition differed between the control and overcrowding stress-induced groups in the ileum, cecum, and colon. Specifically, Bifidobacterium and Akkermansia decreased in all three regions of MPC20, whereas Helicobacter in the ileum and colon and Parasuterella in the cecum increased in MPC20. Notably, Bifidobacterium consistently decreased when nNOS and corticosterone expression were used as covariates under overcrowding stress. These regional variations reflect the differential impact of overcrowding stress on the intestinal tract, indicating complex interactions through nNOS expression within the brain-gut-microbiome axis. Importantly, the addition of probiotic feed, particularly those containing Bifidobacterium, may counteract these decreases, leading to enhanced gut health and improved quality of livestock food products. This study enhances our understanding of the correlation between overcrowding stress and the gut microbiota, providing valuable data for improving the management environment in livestock farming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soyoung Yeo
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology,
College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National
University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Chaewon Lee
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology,
College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National
University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Hyunjoon Park
- Research Institute of Eco-Friendly
Livestock Science, Institute of Green-Bio Science and Technology, Seoul
National University, Pyeongchang 25354, Korea
| | - Kyungsun Eo
- Graduate School of International
Agricultural Technology, Seoul National University,
Pyeongchang 25354, Korea
| | - Su Cheong Yeom
- Graduate School of International
Agricultural Technology, Seoul National University,
Pyeongchang 25354, Korea
| | - Heebal Kim
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology
and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National
University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Chul Sung Huh
- Research Institute of Eco-Friendly
Livestock Science, Institute of Green-Bio Science and Technology, Seoul
National University, Pyeongchang 25354, Korea
- Graduate School of International
Agricultural Technology, Seoul National University,
Pyeongchang 25354, Korea
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Guan X, Ni Q, Zhai Z, Sun Y, Zhang Y. Causal association between depression and constipation: A bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2024; 103:e40788. [PMID: 39654229 PMCID: PMC11630922 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000040788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2024] [Revised: 11/06/2024] [Accepted: 11/14/2024] [Indexed: 12/12/2024] Open
Abstract
There is currently insufficient research on the causal relationship between depression and constipation. This study aims to provide clear evidence for the positive and negative causal relationship between depression and constipation through bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis. MR is a statistical method used to evaluate the credible causal relationship between exposure and outcomes. In this study, we extracted corresponding genetic data from independent cohorts of patients with depression and constipation. Depression data was obtained from the Finngen database, while constipation data was obtained from the IEU OPEN genome-wide association study database. MR analysis was conducted using 5 methods: inverse variance weighted (IVW), MR-Egger, weighted median, simple mode, and weighted mode. In addition, we also used Cochran Q test, MR-Egger intercept test, and leave-one-out analysis to test for the existence of horizontal pleiotropy and evaluate the robustness of MR analysis results. In the analysis of the impact of depression on constipation, we identified 15 significant and statistically strong single nucleotide polymorphisms, and the IVW random effects analysis showed a causal relationship (OR = 1.005 [1.003, 1.007], P = 1.26 × 10-5). When analyzing the impact of constipation on depression, 10 significant and statistically strong single nucleotide polymorphisms were identified, but IVW analysis did not find a causal relationship (OR = 73.768 [0.004, 1.306 × 10-6], P = .389). There is no heterogeneity in the impact of depression on constipation in the bidirectional analysis results, and there is heterogeneity in the impact of constipation on depression, but there is no horizontal pleiotropy. Our bidirectional two-sample MR analysis identified a causal relationship between depression and constipation. This discovery may help clinical doctors to intervene in depression patients in a timely and effective manner when treating constipation patients, avoiding further deterioration of the condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Guan
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Third Hospital Affiliated to Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Qianyang Ni
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Third Hospital Affiliated to Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Ziqi Zhai
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Third Hospital Affiliated to Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yupei Sun
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Third Hospital Affiliated to Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Third Hospital Affiliated to Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
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Deng Z, Zeng X, Wang H, Bi W, Huang Y, Fu H. Causal relationship between major depressive disorder, anxiety disorder and constipation: a two-sample Mendelian randomization study. BMC Gastroenterol 2024; 24:434. [PMID: 39592920 PMCID: PMC11600672 DOI: 10.1186/s12876-024-03526-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2024] [Accepted: 11/19/2024] [Indexed: 11/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidemiological and other studies have shown correlations among major depressive disorder (MDD), anxiety disorder (AXD) and constipation. However, no consensus has been reached regarding their interdependence and pathogenesis. Herein, we sought to further explore the causal associations between them. METHODS Bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis was performed to confirm the causal link between MDD, AXD and constipation. Genetic instrumental variables for MDD, AXD, and constipation were obtained from publicly available genome-wide association studies (GWASs). In this MR analysis, inverse variance weighting (IVW) was used as the primary analysis method to evaluate the causal effect. Additionally, we employed Cochran's Q test, MR‒Egger intercept and MR-PRESSO analysis to examine heterogeneity and pleiotropy. Moreover, leave-one-out analysis was employed to investigate the stability of the associations. Finally, a reverse analysis of Mendelian randomization was conducted. RESULTS The results revealed a causal relationship between MDD and an increased risk of constipation (p = 0.0001), whereas AXD (p = 8.52 × 10-1) did not increase the risk of constipation. In the inverse MR analysis, no causal associations were found (constipation to MDD: p = 9.37 × 10-1; constipation to AXD: p = 8.51 × 10-1). CONCLUSION This MR study revealed genetic evidence supporting a causal relationship between MDD and constipation.
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Affiliation(s)
- ZhiYu Deng
- Clinical Medical College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - XiaoYu Zeng
- Clinical Medical College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - HanYu Wang
- Clinical Medical College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Wei Bi
- Clinical Medical College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - YuMei Huang
- Clinical Medical College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Hao Fu
- Clinical Medical College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.
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Chang H, Ouyang J, Tian M, Yang J, Gao J, Yang M, Zhang M, Yuan H, Zheng Y, Wang Y, Chen Z. The associations between modifiable risk factors and constipation: a comprehensive mendelian randomization study. BMC Gastroenterol 2024; 24:370. [PMID: 39420266 PMCID: PMC11488088 DOI: 10.1186/s12876-024-03384-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2024] [Indexed: 10/19/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Early identification of modifiable risk factors is crucial for the prevention of constipation. This study systematically investigated the relationship between genetically predicted modifiable risk factors and constipation. METHODS The inverse variance weighting (IVW) method was employed as the primary analytical approach. For similar exposure indicators, the multivariate Mendelian randomization (MVMR) method was used to adjust for potential biases in univariate MR analysis. The robustness of the results was further evaluated using the MR-Egger intercept test, Cochran's Q test, and leave-one-out analysis. Bonferroni correction was applied to reduce the false positive rate in the results. RESULTS The IVW analysis indicated a significant causal association between genetically predicted gastroesophageal reflux disease [OR (95% CI) = 1.192 (1.079-1.315), P = 0.0005], atorvastatin use [OR (95% CI) = 16.995 (3.327-86.816), P = 0.0007], and constipation. Additionally, there was a potential causal association between education level [OR (95% CI) = 0.859 (0.767-0.964), P = 0.009], major depressive disorder [OR (95% CI) = 1.206 (1.041-1.399), P = 0.013], hypothyroidism [OR (95% CI) = 2.299 (1.327-3.985), P = 0.003], and aspirin use [OR (95% CI) = 4.872 (1.174-20.221), P = 0.029] with constipation. No causal associations were found for the other included indicators. Sensitivity analysis demonstrated the absence of evidence for heterogeneity and pleiotropy in any positive results. CONCLUSION This study identified several risk factors that could be targeted for the prevention of constipation, offering valuable insights for public health policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Chang
- Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, the First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Gansu Province Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, the First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jing Ouyang
- Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, the First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Gansu Province Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, the First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Meng Tian
- Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, the First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Gansu Province Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, the First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jin Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, the First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Gansu Province Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, the First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jie Gao
- Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, the First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Gansu Province Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, the First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Mengjiao Yang
- Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, the First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Gansu Province Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, the First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, the First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Gansu Province Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, the First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Hao Yuan
- Department of Gastroenterology, the First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Gansu Province Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, the First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Ya Zheng
- Department of Gastroenterology, the First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Gansu Province Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, the First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yuping Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, the First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Gansu Province Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, the First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zhaofeng Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, the First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.
- Gansu Province Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, the First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.
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Mogess WN, Mihretie TB, Habte ML, Feyisa TO, Areda BG, Ahmed ET, Diribsa GC, Zeleke M, Alemseged NM, Amentie E, Wodajo TB, Borushe TR. The magnitude of chronic constipation and associated factors among type 2 diabetic patients in Harar, Eastern Ethiopia. Clin Diabetes Endocrinol 2024; 10:33. [PMID: 39415289 PMCID: PMC11484241 DOI: 10.1186/s40842-024-00188-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 10/18/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Constipation, which affects 16% of adults worldwide, is a chronic health problem characterized by unsatisfactory frequency of bowel movements, causing pain, bloating or incomplete bowel movements. The study aims to assess the magnitude of chronic constipation and associated factors among T2DM patients attending the endocrinology outpatient clinic at Hiwot Fana Comprehensive Specialized University Hospital from January 1 to May 30, 2023. METHODS Hospital-based cross-sectional study design was carried out to assess the magnitude and associated factors of chronic constipation among T2DM patients at Hiwot Fana Comprehensive Specialized University Hospital. Using a single population formula 300 T2DM patients were enrolled in this study. The data was analyzed by using the Epi-Data 4.6 and SPSS version 25. Descriptive, bivariate, multivariate, and logistic regression were used. P < 0.05 was used to declare association. RESULTS 300 T2DM patients participated in this survey. Of these 137 (45.7%) were male and 163 (54.3%) were female and the mean age was 58.57 ± 11.09 SD years, the range from 35 to 85 years. The prevalence of constipation was 73 (24.3%) (95% CI: 0.196-0.296). Education status above high school (AOR: 0.151.95% CI: 0.032-0.718), less than 7 h of sleep per day (AOR: 12.39.95% CI: 2.712-56.69), frequent depression (AOR: 6, 84, 95% CI: 2.639-17.743), parents with constipation (AOR: 6.843.95% CI: 2.639-17.743), daily water intake < 1300 ml (AOR: 4.760.95% CI: 1.146-19.773), TAG levels below 150 mg/dl (AOR: 0.050, 95% CI: 0.015-0.166), HbAlc between 6 and 7% (AOR: 0.013.95% CI: 0.001-0.132) ,HbAlc between 7.1 and 8% (AOR: 0.006, 95% CI: 0.001-0.067), and LDL levels were significantly associated with chronic constipation in T2DM patients. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of chronic constipation was considerable in T2DM patients. Education level above high school, less than 7 h of sleep per day, frequent depression, parents with constipation, daily water intake < 1300 ml, TAG and HbAlc play a significant role in the development of chronic constipation in T2DM patients. T2DM patients can reduce the extent of constipation by treating the above problem in a timely and timely manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wubshet Nebiyu Mogess
- Department of Medical Anatomy, School of Medicine, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia.
| | - Tefera Belsty Mihretie
- Department of Medical Anatomy, School of Medicine, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Mezgebu Legesse Habte
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Teka Obsa Feyisa
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Bilisuma Girma Areda
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Ebsa Tofik Ahmed
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Getahun Chala Diribsa
- Department of Medical Physiology, School of Medicine, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Mastewal Zeleke
- Department of Medical Physiology, School of Medicine, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Natan Muluberhan Alemseged
- Department of Emergency Medicine and Critical Care, School of Medicine, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Eyobel Amentie
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Tegenu Balcha Wodajo
- Department of Nursing, School of Medicine, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Tewekel Reshid Borushe
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
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Verma A, Inslicht SS, Bhargava A. Gut-Brain Axis: Role of Microbiome, Metabolomics, Hormones, and Stress in Mental Health Disorders. Cells 2024; 13:1436. [PMID: 39273008 PMCID: PMC11394554 DOI: 10.3390/cells13171436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2024] [Revised: 08/19/2024] [Accepted: 08/23/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024] Open
Abstract
The influence of gut microbiome, metabolites, omics, hormones, and stress on general and mental health is increasingly being recognized. Ancient cultures recognized the importance of diet and gut health on the overall health of an individual. Western science and modern scientific methods are beginning to unravel the foundations and mechanisms behind some of the ancient beliefs and customs. The gut microbiome, an organ itself, is now thought to influence almost all other organs, ranging from the brain to the reproductive systems. Gut microbiome, metabolites, hormones, and biological sex also influence a myriad of health conditions that range from mental health disorders, obesity, gastrointestinal disorders, and cardiovascular diseases to reproductive health. Here, we review the history and current understanding of the gut-brain axis bidirectional talk in various mental health disorders with special emphasis on anxiety and depressive disorders, whose prevalence has increased by over 50% in the past three decades with COVID-19 pandemic being the biggest risk factor in the last few years. The vagal nerve is an important contributor to this bidirectional talk, but other pathways also contribute, and most remain understudied. Probiotics containing Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium species seem to have the most impact on improvement in mental health symptoms, but the challenge appears to be maintaining sustained levels, especially since neither Lactobacillus nor Bifidobacterium can permanently colonize the gut. Ancient endogenous retroviral DNA in the human genome is also linked to several psychiatric disorders, including depression. These discoveries reveal the complex and intricately intertwined nature of gut health with mental health disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankita Verma
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, University of California at San Francisco, 513 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA;
| | - Sabra S. Inslicht
- San Francisco VA Health Care System, San Francisco, CA 94121, USA;
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Aditi Bhargava
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, University of California at San Francisco, 513 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA;
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Zhong L, Liang Y, Chu H, Zhang X, Zhang J, Hou X, Xu Z. Potential Risk Factors of Disorders of Gut-Brain Interaction in Undergraduates and Postgraduates: Partially Mediated by Life Stress and Lifestyle. Dig Dis 2024; 42:391-398. [PMID: 38838657 DOI: 10.1159/000539552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of disorders of gut-brain interaction (DGBI) and life stress in college students, and explore risk factors of DGBI in college students and the role of life stress. METHODS A total of 2,578 college students filled up validated questionnaires assessing GI symptoms, lifestyle, and life stress. Participants were diagnosed as DGBI based on the Rome III criteria. Multivariate ordinal logistic regression analysis and mediation effect model were employed to explore potential risk factors of DGBI and the mediating role of life stress and lifestyle in DGBI. RESULTS A total of 437 of 2,578 (17.0%) college students were diagnosed with DGBI. College students with DGBI had higher levels of life stress, including eight specific categories. Females (1.709 [1.437, 2.033]), staying up late (1.519 [1.300, 1.776]), and life stress (1.008 [1.006, 1.010]) were risk factors for DGBI, while postgraduates (0.751 [0.578, 0.976]) and regular diet (0.751 [0.685, 0.947]) were protective factors. Males and poor family economic were associated with a higher risk of DGBI after controlling stress, while an association between grade and DGBI was mediated by stress, regular diet, and sleep habits. CONCLUSION DGBI was common among college students. Life stress and lifestyle were associated with DGBI and mediated partial association between grade and DGBI in college students. More attention should be paid to undergraduates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Likun Zhong
- Division of Gastroenterology, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
- Division of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yunxiao Liang
- Division of Gastroenterology, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
| | - Huikuan Chu
- Division of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiujing Zhang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jingzhi Zhang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaohua Hou
- Division of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhiyue Xu
- Division of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Petropoulos A, Anesiadou S, Michou M, Lymperatou A, Roma E, Chrousos G, Pervanidou P. Functional Gastrointestinal Symptoms in Children with Autism and ADHD: Profiles of Hair and Salivary Cortisol, Serum Leptin Concentrations and Externalizing/Internalizing Problems. Nutrients 2024; 16:1538. [PMID: 38794776 PMCID: PMC11124526 DOI: 10.3390/nu16101538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders (FGIDs) present a higher prevalence in individuals with Neurodevelopmental Disorders (NDDs). The Stress System and the Gut-Brain axis (GBA) may mediate these relations. We aimed to assess the prevalence and profile of FGIDs in a clinical sample of children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) compared to typically developing children (TD) as well as to investigate possible relations between stress-related biomarkers and internalizing/externalizing problems in children with NDDS. METHODS In total, 120 children, aged between 4 and 12 years old, formed three groups (N = 40, each): ADHD, ASD and TD. Salivary cortisol, hair cortisol and serum leptin were measured. RESULTS The ASD group had more FGID problems than the TD group (p = 0.001). The ADHD and ASD groups had higher total internalizing/externalizing problems than the TD group (p < 0.0001, p < 0.0001, p = 0.005, respectively). Children with FGIDs showed more total, internalizing and externalizing problems compared to children without FGIDs (p < 0.0001, p < 0.0001, p = 0.041, respectively). The ADHD group showed lower AUCg values (p < 0.0001), while the hair cortisol was higher for the TD group (p < 0.0001). CONCLUSION In conclusion, children with NDDs had more FGID symptoms and present higher internalizing and externalizing problems. Children with ADHD and FGIDs had more internalizing problems compared to those without FGIDs. No differences in stress-related biomarkers were shown to differentiate children with NDDs with and without FGIDs. Future prospective studies including a greater number of children may elucidate the biological pathways linking these comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Petropoulos
- Unit of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, First Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, “Aghia Sophia” Children’s Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece; (A.P.); (S.A.); (A.L.)
- School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, “Aghia Sophia” Children’s Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece; (E.R.); (G.C.)
| | - Sophia Anesiadou
- Unit of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, First Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, “Aghia Sophia” Children’s Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece; (A.P.); (S.A.); (A.L.)
- School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, “Aghia Sophia” Children’s Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece; (E.R.); (G.C.)
| | - Maria Michou
- Human Ecology Laboratory, Department of Home Economics and Ecology, Harokopio University, 17676 Athens, Greece;
| | - Aikaterini Lymperatou
- Unit of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, First Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, “Aghia Sophia” Children’s Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece; (A.P.); (S.A.); (A.L.)
- Postgraduate Program “The Science of Stress and Stress Promotion”, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, “Aghia Sophia” Children’s Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Eleftheria Roma
- School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, “Aghia Sophia” Children’s Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece; (E.R.); (G.C.)
| | - George Chrousos
- School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, “Aghia Sophia” Children’s Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece; (E.R.); (G.C.)
| | - Panagiota Pervanidou
- Unit of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, First Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, “Aghia Sophia” Children’s Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece; (A.P.); (S.A.); (A.L.)
- School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, “Aghia Sophia” Children’s Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece; (E.R.); (G.C.)
- Postgraduate Program “The Science of Stress and Stress Promotion”, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, “Aghia Sophia” Children’s Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece
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Sinen O, Akçalı İ, Akkan SS, Bülbül M. The role of hypothalamic Orexin-A in stress-induced gastric dysmotility: An agonistic interplay with corticotropin releasing factor. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2024; 36:e14719. [PMID: 38105366 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.14719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Central Orexin-A (OXA) modulates gastrointestinal (GI) functions and stress response. This study aimed to investigate whether OXA and CRF interact at hypothalamic level. METHODS Solid gastric emptying (GE), fecal output (FO), plasma corticosterone (CORT), and postprandial antro-pyloric motility were assessed in rats that underwent acute restraint stress (ARS) and pretreated with central OX1R and/or CRF receptor antagonists SB-334867 and alpha-helical CRF9,41 . Microdialysis was performed to assess ARS-induced release of OXA and CRF in PVN and LHA, respectively. Immunofluorescence labeling was performed to detect the stress-induced changes in OXA and to assess the hypothalamic distribution of OX1R and CRF1/2 receptors. ARS-induced c-Fos immunoreactivity was evaluated in PVN and LHA of rats received OX1R and CRF receptor antagonists. KEY RESULTS ARS delayed GE by disturbing the coordination of antro-pyloric contractions while stimulating FO and CORT secretion. ARS-induced alterations in GE, FO, plasma CORT, and antro-pyloric motility were attenuated by OX1R and/or CRF receptor antagonists, however, these changes were completely restored in rats received both antagonists. ARS stimulated release of OXA and CRF which were significantly attenuated by α-CRF9,41 and SB-334867, respectively. The OX1R was detected in CRF-immunoreactive cells, whereas dense expression of CRF2 receptor but not CRF1 was observed in LHA. ARS remarkably increased OXA immunoreactivity in LHA. ARS-induced c-Fos expression in LHA and PVN was abolished by α-CRF9,41 and SB-334867, respectively. CONCLUSIONS & INFERENCES Our findings suggest a reciprocal contribution of OXA and CRF which seems to be involved in the mediation of stress-induced alterations in neuroendocrine and GI motor functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osman Sinen
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
| | - İrem Akçalı
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Simla Su Akkan
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Bülbül
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
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Gomes LTDC, de Sena MO, Dantas PB, Barbosa AIDS, Holanda VAD, Oliveira JIN, Gavioli EC, da Silva Junior ED. Smooth muscle contraction of the fundus of stomach, duodenum and bladder from mice exposed to a stress-based model of depression. Physiol Behav 2023; 272:114374. [PMID: 37806511 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2023.114374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Several reports have demonstrated that depressive disorder is related to somatic symptoms including gastrointestinal or genitourinary alterations. The pathophysiological mechanisms underlying the gastrointestinal or genitourinary alterations associated with the depression are still not fully understood. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the motor activity of gastrointestinal (fundus of stomach and duodenum) and genitourinary tract (bladder) in a stress-based animal model of depression. Adult male mice were submitted to uncontrollable and unpredictable stress (learned helplessness model), controllable stress and non-stressful situations (control). Then, animals were euthanized and the fundus of stomach, duodenum segments or whole bladder were isolated and mounted in a standard organ bath preparation. We evaluated the contractile effects induced by KCl 80 mM for 5 min or carbachol (acetylcholine receptor agonist). The relaxant effects of isoproterenol (β-adrenoceptor agonist) were also checked. Animals submitted to the learned helplessness model developed a helpless (depressive-like behavior) or resilient (does not exhibit depressive-like behavior) phenotype. The contractions induced by carbachol were diminished in fundus of stomach isolated from helpless and resilient animals. The isoproterenol-induced fundus of stomach relaxation was reduced in resilient but not helpless mice. The contractions/relaxation of duodenum segments isolated from helpless or resilient animals were not altered. Both helpless and resilient animals showed an increase in the bladder contractions induced by carbachol while the relaxant effects of isoproterenol were reduced when compared to control. Conversely, mice underwent a controllable stress situation did not exhibit alterations in the fundus of stomach or duodenum contraction/relaxation induced by pharmacological agents although a decrease in the bladder contraction induced by carbachol was found. In conclusion, incontrollable and unpredictable stress and not depressive phenotype (helpless animals) or controllable stress could be related to the alterations in motor activity of the fundus of stomach and bladder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luana Talinne da Costa Gomes
- Department of Biophysics and Pharmacology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Av. Senador Salgado Filho, s/n Campus Universitário - Lagoa Nova, Natal, RN 59072-970, Brazil
| | - Maele Oliveira de Sena
- Department of Biophysics and Pharmacology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Av. Senador Salgado Filho, s/n Campus Universitário - Lagoa Nova, Natal, RN 59072-970, Brazil
| | - Pedro Brüch Dantas
- Department of Biophysics and Pharmacology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Av. Senador Salgado Filho, s/n Campus Universitário - Lagoa Nova, Natal, RN 59072-970, Brazil
| | - Aldemara Ingrid da Silva Barbosa
- Department of Biophysics and Pharmacology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Av. Senador Salgado Filho, s/n Campus Universitário - Lagoa Nova, Natal, RN 59072-970, Brazil
| | - Victor Anastácio Duarte Holanda
- Department of Biophysics and Pharmacology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Av. Senador Salgado Filho, s/n Campus Universitário - Lagoa Nova, Natal, RN 59072-970, Brazil
| | - Jonas Ivan Nobre Oliveira
- Department of Biophysics and Pharmacology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Av. Senador Salgado Filho, s/n Campus Universitário - Lagoa Nova, Natal, RN 59072-970, Brazil
| | - Elaine Cristina Gavioli
- Department of Biophysics and Pharmacology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Av. Senador Salgado Filho, s/n Campus Universitário - Lagoa Nova, Natal, RN 59072-970, Brazil
| | - Edilson Dantas da Silva Junior
- Department of Biophysics and Pharmacology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Av. Senador Salgado Filho, s/n Campus Universitário - Lagoa Nova, Natal, RN 59072-970, Brazil.
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Paspulati RM. Chronic Pelvic Pain: Role of Imaging in the Diagnosis and Management. Semin Ultrasound CT MR 2023; 44:501-510. [PMID: 37879545 DOI: 10.1053/j.sult.2023.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
Chronic pelvic pain (CPP) in women is not uncommon, and it may be difficult to identify the exact cause difficult to manage. It is major health problem for women that affects the quality of their daily lives. The etiology of chronic pelvic pain may be of gynecological or non-gynecological origin and associated with several predisposing and precipitating factors. Psychological and social factors also contribute to the syndrome of CPP and must be evaluated before managing these patients. Due to multifactorial etiology, CPP needs a multidisciplinary approach for diagnosis and management. A detailed history and physical examination supported by appropriate laboratory tests and imaging are the keys to diagnosis. In this paper, the role of imaging in diagnosis and management of CPP is reviewed. Imaging findings should be correlated with detailed clinical examination findings as there are imaging findings that may be unrelated and not the cause of CPP in a particular patient, imaging findings should be correlated with the clinical circumstances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raj Mohan Paspulati
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida; Department of Medical Oncology, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida.
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Mizoguchi A, Higashiyama M, Wada A, Nishimura H, Tomioka A, Ito S, Tanemoto R, Nishii S, Inaba K, Sugihara N, Hanawa Y, Horiuchi K, Okada Y, Kurihara C, Akita Y, Narimatu K, Komoto S, Tomita K, Kawauchi S, Sato S, Hokari R. Visceral hypersensitivity induced by mild traumatic brain injury via the corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor: An animal model. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2023; 35:e14634. [PMID: 37357384 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.14634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mild blast-induced traumatic brain injury (bTBI) induces various gut symptoms resembling human irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) as one of mental and behavioral disorders. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. We investigated whether the extremely localized brain impact extracranially induced by laser-induced shock wave (LISW) evoked IBS-like phenomenon including visceral hypersensitivity and intestinal hyperpermeability in rats. METHODS The rats were subjected to LISW on the scalp to shock the entire brain. Visceral hypersensitivity was evaluated by the threshold pressure of abdominal withdrawal reflex (AWR) using a colorectal distension test. Permeability was evaluated by the concentration of penetrating FITC-dextran from intestine and the mRNA expression levels of tight junction family proteins. Involvement of corticotropin-releasing factor receptor (CRFR) 1 and 2 was examined by evaluating mRNA expression and modulating CRFR function with agonist, recombinant CRF (10 μg/kg), and antagonist, astressin (33 μg/kg). High-throughput sequencing of the gut microbiota was performed by MiSeqIII instrument and QIIME tool. KEY RESULTS The thresholds of the AWR were significantly lowered after LISW. Permeability was increased in small intestine by LISW along with decreased expression of tight junction ZO-1. LISW significantly increased CRFR1 expression and decreased CRFR2 expression. Visceral hypersensitivity was significantly aggravated by CRFR agonist and suppressed by CRFR antagonist. The α- and β-diversity of the fecal microbiota was altered after LISW. CONCLUSIONS AND INFERENCES LISW provoked visceral hypersensitivity, small intestinal hyperpermeability, altered expression of CRFRs and changes in the microbiota, suggesting that genuine bTBI caused by LISW can induce a pathophysiology comparable to that of human IBS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akinori Mizoguchi
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical College, Saitama, Japan
| | - Masaaki Higashiyama
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical College, Saitama, Japan
| | - Akinori Wada
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical College, Saitama, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Nishimura
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical College, Saitama, Japan
| | - Akira Tomioka
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical College, Saitama, Japan
| | - Suguru Ito
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical College, Saitama, Japan
| | - Rina Tanemoto
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical College, Saitama, Japan
| | - Shin Nishii
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical College, Saitama, Japan
| | - Kenichi Inaba
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical College, Saitama, Japan
| | - Nao Sugihara
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical College, Saitama, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Hanawa
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical College, Saitama, Japan
| | - Kazuki Horiuchi
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical College, Saitama, Japan
| | - Yoshikiyo Okada
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical College, Saitama, Japan
| | - Chie Kurihara
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical College, Saitama, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Akita
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical College, Saitama, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Narimatu
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical College, Saitama, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Komoto
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical College, Saitama, Japan
| | - Kengo Tomita
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical College, Saitama, Japan
| | - Satoko Kawauchi
- Division of Bioinformation and Therapeutic Systems, National Defense Medical College Research Institute, Saitama, Japan
| | - Shunichi Sato
- Division of Bioinformation and Therapeutic Systems, National Defense Medical College Research Institute, Saitama, Japan
| | - Ryota Hokari
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical College, Saitama, Japan
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Wang Y, Shen X, Wang P. Constipation is associated with depression of any severity, but not with suicidal ideation: insights from a large cross-sectional study. Int J Colorectal Dis 2023; 38:231. [PMID: 37713119 DOI: 10.1007/s00384-023-04520-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The association between constipation and depression or suicidal ideation (SI) has not been adequately studied. This study aims to examine whether constipation is associated with depression or SI in US adults. METHOD 4,562 adults aged 20 and older were selected from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2009-2010 for the sample. The Bowel Health Questionnaire provided constipation information. Clinical depression and depression severity were assessed by the validated Patient Health Questionnaide-9 (PHQ-9), and item 9 of the PHQ-9 assessed SI. Adjusted odds ratios (ORs) were calculated using multivariate logistic regression models. Stability of the results was ensured by a subgroup analysis. RESULT After adjusting for covariates such as demographics, risk behaviors, associated comorbidities, dietary intake, and related medications, the PHQ-9 score and clinical depression were both significantly associated with constipation, with ORs and 95%CIs of 1.13 (1.10-1.16) and 3.76 (2.65-5.34). Depression of all severities was also significantly associated with constipation. The ORs and 95%CIs of constipation with mild depression, moderate depression, and moderately severe to severe depression were 2.21 (1.54-3.16), 3.69 (2.34-5.81) and 6.84 (4.19-11.15), respectively. Subgroup analyses showed no statistically significant interactions (P > 0.05), and the association was stronger in men than in women (OR: 7.81, 95%CI: 3.67-16.61 vs OR: 3.46, 95%CI: 2.31-5.19). The association between constipation and SI was not significant (OR: 1.36, 95%CI: 0.78-2.37). CONCLUSION In conclusion, constipation was significantly associated with depression of any severity, but not with SI, suggesting that enough attention should be paid to the emotional and psychological status of patients with constipation, especially male patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- Department of Oncology, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Guang' Anmen Hospital, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Xia Shen
- Department of Nursing, Wuxi Medical College, Jiangnan University, 1800 Li Hu Avenue, Wuxi, 214062, China
| | - Pengfei Wang
- Department of Anorectal Surgery, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Xiyuan Hospital, Beijing, 100091, China.
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Wang P, Shen X, Wang Y, Jia X. Association between constipation and major depression in adult Americans: evidence from NHANES 2005-2010. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1152435. [PMID: 37654986 PMCID: PMC10465693 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1152435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Current studies on the association between constipation and depression is still insufficient. In this study, we investigated the detailed association between constipation and major depression among American adults. Methods In this cross-sectional study, 12,352 adults aged 20 and older were selected from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2005-2010 for the sample. Constipation was defined as fewer than three defecation frequencies per week. For the assessment of major depression, the validated Patient Health Questionnaire-9 was used. Adjusted odds ratios (ORs) were calculated using multivariate logistic regression models. A subgroup analysis was carried out to ensure that the results were stable. Results Of the 12,352 participants, 430 reported constipation, with a prevalence of 3.5%. Depression was reported in 1030 cases, indicating a prevalence rate of 8.3%. Patients with constipation were significantly more likely to have major depression (20.9%) than those without it (7.9%, p < 0.001). After adjusting for age, sex, race/ethnicity, marital status, education level, body mass index, vigorous physical activity, alcohol consumption, smoking status, poverty income ratio, diabetes, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor use, liver disease, heart disease, pulmonary disease, hypertension, arthritis, cancer, dietary fiber intake, moisture intake, total fat intake, carbohydrates intake, and protein intake, constipation is significantly associated with major depression (OR: 2.20, 95%CI: 1.68-2.87, p < 0.001). Subgroup analyses by age, sex, dietary intake, risk behaviors, and common complications showed no statistically significant interactions (p > 0.05). Conclusion In conclusion, this study showed that constipation were significantly associated with depression. When treating patients with constipation, it is necessary for clinicians to screen and evaluate depression, and provide timely and effective intervention for patients with depression to avoid further deterioration of the condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Wang
- Department of Anorectal Surgery, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Xiyuan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xia Shen
- Department of Nursing, Wuxi Medical College, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Oncology, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Guang’anmen Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoqiang Jia
- Department of Anorectal Surgery, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Xiyuan Hospital, Beijing, China
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Wu K, Li Y, Pan Y, Qiu J, Chen X, Fan Y, Xing Y, Zhou X. Impact of closed management on gastrointestinal function and mental health of Chinese university students during COVID-19. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:1219. [PMID: 37353824 PMCID: PMC10288672 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-16145-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The innovative closed management of universities may have influenced the physical and mental health of students during the fourth stage of the COVID-19 pandemic in China. The study aimed to assess the gastrointestinal and mental health status of students in this stage and to explore the possible risk factors and mechanisms to provide a reference for future school responses to similar stressful events. METHOD A multicenter, cross-sectional survey was administered to 598 college students from 10 Chinese universities. The study used the 7-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD-7), 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), Fear of COVID-19 Scale (FCV-19 S), and the Diagnostic Tendency of Functional Bowel Disease Scale (DT-FBD) to evaluate anxiety, depression, fear of COVID-19 and likelihood of being diagnose diagnosed with functional bowel disease (FBD), respectively. RESULTS A total of 516 college students completed the questionnaire. The proportions of students with more severe anxiety, more severe depression, greater fear of COVID-19, and a greater likelihood of being diagnosed with FBD were 49.8%, 57.0%, 49%, and 49%, respectively. These symptoms were significantly and positively correlated with the frequency of irregular sleep and eating (p < 0.05). Students in high-risk areas were more likely to experience anxiety and depression than students in areas with low/medium risk (odds ratio [OR] = 1.90, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.12-3.24, p = 0.017; OR = 2.14, 95% CI: 1.11-4.11, p = 0.022). A high likelihood of being diagnosed with FBD was positively associated with the severity of anxiety and depression symptoms and fear of COVID-19 (all p < 0.001). Moreover, mediation analysis revealed the following pathway in college students: fear of COVID-19 → depression and anxiety → poor diet → likelihood of being diagnosed with FBD. CONCLUSION College students generally exhibited higher more severe anxiety and depression symptoms and psychological symptoms with a greater higher propensity likelihood of being to be diagnosed with FBD. Good lifestyle habits, especially adequate sleep and a regular diet, can alleviate these problems. In addition, appropriate psychological intervention is very important.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaini Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Disease Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No. 17, Yongwaizheng Street, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Yi Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Disease Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No. 17, Yongwaizheng Street, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Yating Pan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Disease Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No. 17, Yongwaizheng Street, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Jianhao Qiu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Disease Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No. 17, Yongwaizheng Street, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Xiaqin Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Disease Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No. 17, Yongwaizheng Street, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Yuanping Fan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Disease Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No. 17, Yongwaizheng Street, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Yawei Xing
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Disease Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No. 17, Yongwaizheng Street, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi Province, China.
| | - Xiaodong Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Disease Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No. 17, Yongwaizheng Street, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi Province, China.
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19
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RECTAL PROLAPSE IN THE SULAWESI CRESTED BLACK MACAQUE ( MACACA NIGRA): MORBIDITY, MORTALITY, AND RISK FACTORS. J Zoo Wildl Med 2023; 53:722-732. [PMID: 36640074 DOI: 10.1638/2021-0143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Empirical data suggest that rectal prolapse (RP) is common in captive Sulawesi crested black macaques (Macaca nigra) in Europe, resulting in the euthanasia of animals that experience repeat occurrences. However, the prevalence, etiology, and risk factors of RP remain unidentified. The aims of this retrospective study were to assess the morbidity and mortality of RP, to provide an overview of management practices, and to identify risk factors for RP in this species. A questionnaire was sent to all European Ex situ Programme institutions that housed M. nigra between 01 January 2014 and 31 December 2020. Zoological Information Management System medical records and the studbook were used to obtain additional information. The questionnaire had a response rate of 65%, accounting for 204 animals. Of these animals, 25 (12.3%) suffered from at least one RP event during the study period and recurrence was noted in 72%. The majority of prolapses reverted naturally, but 28% of afflicted animals were euthanized for this ailment. Institutions with M. nigra with high frequencies of diarrhea (P= 0.035), those that provided diets of ≥90% vegetables and high-fiber pellet (P < 0.001), and those with more male than female M. nigra (P < 0.001) had increased odds of RP. Institutions that provided fruits daily (P < 0.002) had reduced odds of having RP cases. Although correlation of RP with diet was identified, confounding cannot be excluded, and a detailed dietary analysis needs to take place before altering feeding practices. Acute stressors and detection of protozoa in fecal samples were common findings before an RP event. Demographic analysis indicated that aged females, young males, and subordinate individuals were most affected by this condition. Where tested during an RP intervention, animals had low serum levels of vitamin D. Pedigree analysis hinted at genetic predisposition in this species and requires further investigation.
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20
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Bauer EE, Reed CH, Lyte M, Clark PJ. An evaluation of the rat intestinal monoamine biogeography days following exposure to acute stress. Front Physiol 2022; 13:1021985. [PMID: 36582358 PMCID: PMC9792511 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.1021985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Stress-induced abnormalities in gut monoamine levels (e.g., serotonin, dopamine, norepinephrine) have been linked to gastrointestinal (GI) dysfunction, as well as the worsening of symptoms in GI disorders. However, the influence of stress on changes across the entire intestinal monoamine biogeography has not been well-characterized, especially in the days following stress exposure. Therefore, the aim of this study was to comprehensively assess changes to monoamine neurochemical signatures across the entire rat intestinal tract days after exposure to an acute stressor. To the end, adult male F344 rats were subjected to an episode of unpredictable tail shocks (acute stress) or left undisturbed. Forty-eight hours later rats were euthanized either following a 12 h period of fasting or 30 min of food access to evaluate neurochemical profiles during the peri- and early postprandial periods. Monoamine-related neurochemicals were measured via UHPLC in regions of the small intestine (duodenum, jejunum, ileum), large intestine (cecum, proximal colon, distal colon), cecal contents, fecal contents, and liver. The results suggest a relatively wide-spread increase in measures of serotonin activity across intestinal regions can be observed 48 h after exposure to acute stress, however some evidence was found supporting localized differences in serotonin metabolization. Moreover, acute stress exposure reduced catecholamine-related neurochemical concentrations most notably in the ileum, and to a lesser extent in the cecal contents. Next, stress-related fecal serotonin concentrations were consistent with intestinal profiles. However, fecal dopamine was elevated in association with stress, which did not parallel findings in any other intestinal area. Finally, stress exposure and the food access period together only had minor effects on intestinal monoamine profiles. Taken together, these data suggest nuanced differences in monoaminergic profiles exist across intestinal regions the days following exposure to an acute stressor, highlighting the importance of assessments that consider the entire intestinal tract biogeography when investigating stress-related biological outcomes that may be relevant to GI pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ella E. Bauer
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Carter H. Reed
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
- Department of Kinesiology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Mark Lyte
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Peter J. Clark
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
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21
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Liang J, Zhao Y, Xi Y, Xiang C, Yong C, Huo J, Zou H, Hou Y, Pan Y, Wu M, Xie Q, Lin Q. Association between Depression, Anxiety Symptoms and Gut Microbiota in Chinese Elderly with Functional Constipation. Nutrients 2022; 14:5013. [PMID: 36501044 PMCID: PMC9740187 DOI: 10.3390/nu14235013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the relationship between anxiety, depression, and gut microbiota in elderly patients with FC. METHODS in this cross-sectional study, a total of 198 elderly participants (85 male and 113 female) aged over 60 years were recruited. The study was conducted in Changsha city, China. The participants completed an online questionnaire, including The Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7), The Patient Assessment of Symptoms (PAC-SYM), and The Patient Assessment of Quality of Life (PAC-QoL). We selected the 16S rDNA V3 + V4 region as the amplification region and sequenced the gut microbiota using the Illumina Novaseq PE250 high-throughput sequencing platform. RESULTS in total, 30.3% of patients with constipation had depression, while 21.3% had anxiety. The relative abundance of intestinal microbiota in the normal group was higher than that in the anxiety and depression group. According to LEfSe analysis, the relative abundance of g_Peptoniphilus and g_Geobacter in the people without depression and anxiety was higher. The relative abundance of g_Pseudoramibacter-Eubacterium and g_Candidatus-Solibacter in the depression group was lower, and the relative abundance of g_Bacteroides and g_Paraprevotella, g_Cc_115 in the anxiety group was higher. In addition, according to the correlation analysis, g_Aquicella and g_Limnohabitans were negatively correlated with constipation symptoms, anxiety, and depression. CONCLUSIONS this study found that gut microbiota composition may be associated with a higher incidence of anxiety and depression in patients with FC, thus providing insight into the mechanisms that ameliorate mood disorders in patients with FC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajing Liang
- Department of Nutrition Science and Food Hygiene, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, 110 Xiangya Rd, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Yueming Zhao
- Hyproca Nutrition Co., Ltd., Changsha 410011, China
| | - Yue Xi
- Department of Nutrition Science and Food Hygiene, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, 110 Xiangya Rd, Changsha 410078, China
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Caihong Xiang
- Department of Nutrition Science and Food Hygiene, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, 110 Xiangya Rd, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Cuiting Yong
- Department of Nutrition Science and Food Hygiene, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, 110 Xiangya Rd, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Jiaqi Huo
- Department of Nutrition Science and Food Hygiene, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, 110 Xiangya Rd, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Hanshuang Zou
- Department of Nutrition Science and Food Hygiene, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, 110 Xiangya Rd, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Yanmei Hou
- Hyproca Nutrition Co., Ltd., Changsha 410011, China
| | - Yunfeng Pan
- Department of Nutrition Science and Food Hygiene, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, 110 Xiangya Rd, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Minchan Wu
- Department of Nutrition Science and Food Hygiene, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, 110 Xiangya Rd, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Qingqing Xie
- Department of Nutrition Science and Food Hygiene, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, 110 Xiangya Rd, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Qian Lin
- Department of Nutrition Science and Food Hygiene, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, 110 Xiangya Rd, Changsha 410078, China
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22
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Zhang Y, Duan C, Wu S, Ma J, Liu Y, Li W, Wang T, Yang L, Cheng K, Zhuang R. Knockout of IL-6 mitigates cold water-immersion restraint stress-induced intestinal epithelial injury and apoptosis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:936689. [PMID: 36505466 PMCID: PMC9732082 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.936689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is essential for maintaining intestinal epithelial homeostasis. Although cold water-immersion restraint (CWIR) stress is commonly used to induce in vivo gastric injury, it also affects intestinal epithelial permeability. Although IL-6 is increased in response to acute physiological and psychological stress, its exact effects on the pathophysiology of the intestinal epithelium in response to acute CWIR stress remain unknown. Methods We used IL-6 knockout (KO) mice with acute CWIR modeling to investigate the effect of IL-6 deficiency on intestinal epithelial morphology and pathological damage using histological staining assays under the acute stress. We detected jejunal epithelial apoptosis using TUNEL and standard molecular experiments. Results CWIR caused intestinal epithelial damage, which was alleviated by the absence of IL-6, as evidenced by morphological changes and goblet cell and intestinal permeability alteration. IL-6 KO also reduced CWIR-mediated inflammatory levels and improved stress defense. Meanwhile, IL-6 deficiency decreased the intestinal epithelial apoptosis induced by CWIR administration. This IL-6 KO-led effect depended more on mitochondrial AIF signaling rather than the traditional caspase pathway. Conclusion As a result, we concluded that acute CWIR-induced severe intestinal damage and jejunal epithelium apoptosis could be alleviated by IL-6 deficiency, implying a protective effect of IL-6 deficiency on the intestines under acute stress. The findings shed new light on treating CWIR-induced intestinal disorders by inhibiting IL-6 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Zhang
- Institute of Medical Research, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Chujun Duan
- Department of Immunology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shuwen Wu
- Institute of Medical Research, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jingchang Ma
- Department of Immunology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yongming Liu
- Orthopedic Department of Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wenpeng Li
- Orthopedic Department of Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Tingting Wang
- Department of Immunology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lu Yang
- Department of Immunology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Kun Cheng
- Department of Immunology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ran Zhuang
- Institute of Medical Research, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China,Department of Immunology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China,*Correspondence: Ran Zhuang,
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23
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Saedpanah K, Ghasemi M, Akbari H, Adibzadeh A, Akbari H. Effects of workload and job stress on the shift work disorders among nurses: PLS SEM modeling. Eur J Transl Myol 2022; 33:10909. [PMID: 36412125 PMCID: PMC10141747 DOI: 10.4081/ejtm.2022.10909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Nurses, as the largest forces in the health system, are always challenged with various work responsibilities such as long working hours, lack of manpower and death of patients. This study aimed at providing a model of the relationship between workload and physical and mental health, sleep disorders, and individual and family problems by the mediation role of job stress. The present study is a cross-sectional study that was conducted on 300 nurses in a specialty and sub-specialty hospital in Tehran. For this reason, various questionnaires including demographic, survey of shift workers (SOS) and job stress questionnaires were used to collect the desired data. The proposed model was presented using structural equation modeling method based on Smart-PLS and SPSS-20 software. The results show that workload has an effect on job stress (β=0.747), mental health (β=-0.291), Physical health (β=-0.253), sleep quality (β=-0.234) and personal and family problems (β=-0.206). Also the results of this study show that job stress has an effect on mental health (β=-0.295), Physical health (β=-0.349), sleep quality (β=-0.295) and Personal and family problems (β=-0.441). In conclusion, results showed that the data fitted well with the model and that workload is associated with physical and mental problems, sleep disorders and individual and family problems both directly and indirectly through job stress mediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keivan Saedpanah
- Health Research Center, Life Style Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran.
| | - Mohammad Ghasemi
- Health Research Center, Life Style Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran.
| | - Hesam Akbari
- Health Research Center, Life Style Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran.
| | - Amir Adibzadeh
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran.
| | - Hamed Akbari
- Health Research Center, Life Style Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran.
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24
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Müller-Lissner S, Andresen V, Corsetti M, Bustos Fernández L, Forestier S, Pace F, Valdovinos MA. Functional Abdominal Cramping Pain: Expert Practical Guidance. J Clin Gastroenterol 2022; 56:844-852. [PMID: 36149666 PMCID: PMC9553264 DOI: 10.1097/mcg.0000000000001764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
Functional abdominal cramping pain (FACP) is a common complaint, which may present either on its own or in association with a functional gastrointestinal disorder. It is likely caused by a variety of, probably partly unknown, etiologies. Effective management of FACP can be challenging owing to the lack of usable diagnostic tools and the availability of a diverse range of treatment approaches. Practical guidance for their selection and use is limited. The objective of this article is to present a working definition of FACP based on expert consensus, and to propose practical strategies for the diagnosis and management of this condition for physicians, pharmacists, and patients. A panel of experts on functional gastrointestinal disorders was convened to participate in workshop activities aimed at defining FACP and agreeing upon a recommended sequence of diagnostic criteria and management recommendations. The key principles forming the foundation of the definition of FACP and suggested management algorithms include the primacy of cramping pain as the distinguishing symptom; the importance of recognizing and acting upon alarm signals of potential structural disease; the recognition of known causes that might be addressed through lifestyle adjustment; and the central role of antispasmodics in the treatment of FACP. The proposed algorithm is intended to assist physicians in reaching a meaningful diagnostic endpoint based on patient-reported symptoms of FACP. We also discuss how this algorithm may be adapted for use by pharmacists and patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Maura Corsetti
- NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust
- School of Medicine, University of Nottingham and Nottingham Digestive Diseases Centre, Translational Medical Science, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | | | | | - Fabio Pace
- Bolognini Hospital, Seriate and University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Miguel A. Valdovinos
- Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición “Salvador Zubirán,” Tlalpan, Mexico
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25
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Adibi P, Abdoli M, Daghaghzadeh H, Keshteli AH, Afshar H, Roohafza H, Esmaillzadeh A, Feizi A. Relationship between Depression and Constipation: Results from a Large Cross-sectional Study in Adults. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY = TAEHAN SOHWAGI HAKHOE CHI 2022; 80:77-84. [PMID: 36004635 DOI: 10.4166/kjg.2022.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Accumulating evidence based on a few studies suggests a relationship between depression and functional constipation. This study examined whether depression is associated with a higher risk of functional constipation and whether it is gender specific. METHODS This cross-sectional study was carried out on 3,362 adults aged 18-55 years. In this study, functional gastrointestinal symptoms were determined using an Iranian reliable and valid version of the modified Rome III questionnaire. The Iranian validated version of the hospital anxiety and depression scale was used to evaluate the psychological health. Scores of eight or more on the depression subscale in the questionnaire were considered the presence of depression. Simple and multiple binary logistic regression were used for data analysis. RESULTS The mean±SD age of participants was 36.29±7.87 years, and 58.5% were female. The prevalence of depression and constipation in the study sample was 28.6% and 23.9%, respectively. In the full adjusted model, in the total sample, depressed people showed a significantly higher risk of constipation; adjusted OR (AOR), 1.69 (95% CI, 1.37-2.09). Although a significant association was observed between depression and constipation in both genders, the association was stronger in men than women (AOR, 2.28; 95% CI, 1.50, 3.63 vs. AOR, 1.55; 95% CI, 1.21, 1.99). CONCLUSIONS These study findings showed that depressed people are at a significantly higher risk of being affected by constipation. The current study findings justify the importance of mental health evaluations in all patients with functional gastrointestinal disorders, particularly among constipated individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peyman Adibi
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Maryam Abdoli
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Hamed Daghaghzadeh
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | | | - Hamid Afshar
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Hamidreza Roohafza
- Cardiac Rehabilitation Research Center, Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Ahmad Esmaillzadeh
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Awat Feizi
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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26
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Yamamoto Y, Furukawa S, Watanabe J, Kato A, Kusumoto K, Miyake T, Takeshita E, Ikeda Y, Yamamoto N, Kohara K, Saheki S, Saeki Y, Hiasa Y. Association Between Eating Behavior, Frequency of Meals, and Functional Dyspepsia in Young Japanese Population. J Neurogastroenterol Motil 2022; 28:418-423. [PMID: 35799235 PMCID: PMC9274477 DOI: 10.5056/jnm21146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Shinya Furukawa
- Health Services Center, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Ehime, Japan
| | - Junichi Watanabe
- Department of Rehabilitation, Ehime Prefectural Central Hospital, Matsuyama, Ehime, Japan
| | - Aki Kato
- Health Services Center, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Ehime, Japan
| | | | - Teruki Miyake
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime, Japan
| | - Eiji Takeshita
- Department of Inflammatory Bowel Diseases and Therapeutics, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime, Japan
| | - Yoshio Ikeda
- Endoscopy Center, Ehime University Hospital, Toon, Ehime, Japan
| | - Naofumi Yamamoto
- Faculty of Collaborative Regional Innovation, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Ehime, Japan
| | - Katsuhiko Kohara
- Department of Internal Medicine, Anbiru Hospital, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Syuichi Saheki
- Health Services Center, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Ehime, Japan
| | - Yuka Saeki
- Health Services Center, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Ehime, Japan
- Community Health Systems for Nursing, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Ehime, Japan
| | - Yoichi Hiasa
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime, Japan
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27
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Laroute V, Beaufrand C, Gomes P, Nouaille S, Tondereau V, Daveran-Mingot ML, Theodorou V, Eutamene H, Mercier-Bonin M, Cocaign-Bousquet M. Lactococcus lactis NCDO2118 exerts visceral antinociceptive properties in rat via GABA production in the gastro-intestinal tract. eLife 2022; 11:77100. [PMID: 35727704 PMCID: PMC9213000 DOI: 10.7554/elife.77100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Gut disorders associated to irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) are combined with anxiety and depression. Evidence suggests that microbially produced neuroactive molecules, like γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), can modulate the gut-brain axis. Two natural strains of Lactococcus lactis and one mutant were characterized in vitro for their GABA production and tested in vivo in rat by oral gavage for their antinociceptive properties. L. lactis NCDO2118 significantly reduced visceral hypersensitivity induced by stress due to its glutamate decarboxylase (GAD) activity. L. lactis NCDO2727 with similar genes for GABA metabolism but no detectable GAD activity had no in vivo effect, as well as the NCDO2118 ΔgadB mutant. The antinociceptive effect observed for the NCDO2118 strain was mediated by the production of GABA in the gastro-intestinal tract and blocked by GABAB receptor antagonist. Only minor changes in the faecal microbiota composition were observed after the L. lactis NCDO2118 treatment. These findings reveal the crucial role of the microbial GAD activity of L. lactis NCDO2118 to deliver GABA into the gastro-intestinal tract for exerting antinociceptive properties in vivo and open avenues for this GRAS (Generally Recognized As safe) bacterium in the management of visceral pain and anxious profile of IBS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valérie Laroute
- Toulouse Biotechnology Institute (TBI), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INRAE, INSA, Toulouse, France
| | - Catherine Beaufrand
- Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Pedro Gomes
- Toulouse Biotechnology Institute (TBI), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INRAE, INSA, Toulouse, France.,Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Sébastien Nouaille
- Toulouse Biotechnology Institute (TBI), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INRAE, INSA, Toulouse, France
| | - Valérie Tondereau
- Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Vassilia Theodorou
- Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Hélène Eutamene
- Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Muriel Mercier-Bonin
- Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Muriel Cocaign-Bousquet
- Toulouse Biotechnology Institute (TBI), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INRAE, INSA, Toulouse, France
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Impact of Music in Males and Females for Relief from Neurodegenerative Disorder Stress. CONTRAST MEDIA & MOLECULAR IMAGING 2022; 2022:3080437. [PMID: 35494208 PMCID: PMC9019444 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3080437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Neurological imbalance sometimes resulted in stress, which is experienced by the number of people at some moment in their life. A considerable measurement scheme can quantify the stress level in an individual, in which music has always been considered as the best therapy for stress relief in healthy human being as well in severe medical conditions. In this work, the impact of four types of music interventions with the lyrics of Hindi music and varying spectral centroid has been studied for an analysis of stress relief in males and females. The self-reported data for stress using state-trait anxiety (STA) and electroencephalography (EEG) signals for 14 channels in response to music interventions have been considered. Features such as Hjorth (activity, mobility, and complexity), variance, standard deviation, skew, kurtosis, and mean have been extracted from five bands (delta, theta, alpha, beta, and gamma) of each channel of the recorded EEG signals from 9 males and 9 females of the age category between 18 and 25 years. The support vector machine classifier has been used to classify three subsets: (i) male and female, (ii) baseline and female, and (iii) baseline and male. The noteworthy accuracy of 100% was found at the delta band for the first subset, beta and gamma bands for the second subset, and beta, gamma, and delta bands for the third subset. STA score has shown more deviation in the male category than in female, which gives a clear insight into the impact of music intervention with varying spectral centroid that has a higher impact to relieve stress in the male category than the female category.
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Bouchoucha M, Devroede G, Deutsch D, Airinei G, Sabate JM, Benamouzig R. Self-Perceived Stress Is Associated With Chest Pain and Personality in Patients With Refractory Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders. J Nerv Ment Dis 2022; 210:342-347. [PMID: 34802013 DOI: 10.1097/nmd.0000000000001447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Stressful events are frequently associated with functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGID). This study aims to determine if the severity of self-perceived stress is associated with specific FGID and personality characteristics in 822 patients with FGID who have filled a Rome III questionnaire, Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory 2 (MMPI-2), and a 10-point Likert scale for self-perceived stress. According to stress severity, the patients were divided into three groups: low (<4; n = 183), moderate (4-6; n = 283), and severe stress (>6; n = 356). Female sex was more frequent in the severe stress group than in the low stress group (p = 0.001). Stress severity was strongly correlated with the two MMPI-2 posttraumatic stress scales. Clinically, chest pain was more frequently reported by severe stress patients than moderate stress patients. MMPI-2 clinical scales vary significantly according to the severity of stress, and "mild stress" patients have increased hysteria and depression scales and showed a higher frequency of irritable bowel syndrome-diarrhea. This study shows that severe stress severity is associated with a higher frequency of noncardiac chest pain and correlated with most personality items.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ghislain Devroede
- Département de Chirurgie, Faculté de Médecine, Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - David Deutsch
- Gastroenterology Department, Avicenne Hospital, Bobigny, France
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Huang ZP, Qiu H, Wang K, He JW, Chen H, Kong LW, Zou Y. Changes in esophagus interstitial cells of Cajal in response to acute stress. Scand J Gastroenterol 2022; 57:392-400. [PMID: 34978503 DOI: 10.1080/00365521.2021.2018490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thoracic trauma is common, and traffic accident-related traumatic injury can cause acute stress leading to esophageal motility disorders. Interstitial cells of Cajal (ICCs) are regarded as gastrointestinal pacemaker cells. AIM This study explored the mechanism underlying changes in lower esophagus ICCs under acute stress conditions. METHODS Fifty adult rabbits, randomly divided into one healthy control and four study groups, were subjected to right chest puncture using a Hopkinson bar. Thereafter, one group was immediately subjected to lower esophagectomy, whereas the other three groups were maintained for 24, 48 and 72 h after puncture and subjected to lower esophagectomy. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect ICC distribution, morphology and density, and TUNEL assays were used to determine ICC apoptosis. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) were used to measure cortisol, epinephrine, dopamine, IL-9, cholecystokinin (CCK) and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP). Western blotting and RT-PCR were performed to detect changes in SCF/c-kit and nNOS pathways. RESULTS After puncture, lung tissue was hemorrhaged, alveoli in puncture areas were destroyed, esophageal pH was decreased, and serum cortisol, epinephrine and dopamine levels increased. ICC numbers increased and apoptotic ICCs decreased in all stress groups after puncture (all p < .01). IL-9, CCK and VIP levels in lower esophagus tissue were increased after puncture (all p < .01). Moreover, SCF/c-kit and nNOS pathways were upregulated in response to stress (all p < .01). CONCLUSIONS Acute stress promotes increases in lower esophageal ICCs that might affect esophagus ICC functions and esophageal motility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Peng Huang
- Guangzhou Institute of Oncology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hu Qiu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ke Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jia-Wei He
- School of Public Health, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Hang Chen
- School of Public Health, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ling-Wang Kong
- School of Public Health, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yue Zou
- Department of Cancer Biology and Life Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
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Bülbül M, Sinen O. Centrally Administered Neuropeptide-S Alleviates Gastrointestinal Dysmotility Induced by Neonatal Maternal Separation. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2022; 34:e14269. [PMID: 34561917 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.14269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Revised: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuropeptide-S (NPS) regulates autonomic outflow, stress response, and gastrointestinal (GI) motor functions. This study aimed to investigate the effects of NPS on GI dysmotility induced by neonatal maternal separation (MS). METHODS MS was conducted by isolating newborn pups from dams from postnatal day 1 to day 14. In adulthood, rats were also exposed to chronic homotypic stress (CHS). Visceral sensitivity was assessed by colorectal distension-induced abdominal contractions. Gastric emptying (GE) was measured following CHS, whereas fecal output was monitored daily. NPS or NPS receptor (NPSR) antagonist was centrally applied simultaneously with electrocardiography and gastric motility recording. Immunoreactivities for NPS, NPSR, corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF), choline acetyltransferase (ChAT), tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), and c-Fos were assessed by immunohistochemistry. KEY RESULTS NPS alleviated the MS-induced visceral hypersensitivity. Under basal conditions, central exogenous or endogenous NPS had no effect on GE and gastric motility. NPS restored CHS-induced gastric and colonic dysmotility in MS rats while increasing sympatho-vagal balance without affecting vagal outflow. NPSR expression was detected in CRF-producing cells of hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus, and central amygdala, but not in Barrington's nucleus. Moreover, NPSR was present in ChAT-expressing neurons in dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus (DMV), and nucleus ambiguus (NAmb) in addition to the TH-positive neurons in C1/A1, and locus coeruleus (LC). Neurons adjacent to the adrenergic cells in LC were found to produce NPS. NPS administration caused c-Fos expression in C1/A1 cells, while no immunoreactivity was detected in DMV or NAmb. CONCLUSIONS NPS/NPSR system might be a novel target for the treatment of stress-related GI dysmotility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Bülbül
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Osman Sinen
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
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Involvement of Ghrelin Dynamics in Stress-Induced Eating Disorder: Effects of Sex and Aging. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111695. [PMID: 34769125 PMCID: PMC8583769 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Stress, a factor that affects appetite in our daily lives, enhances or suppresses appetite and changes palatability. However, so far, the mechanisms underlying the link between stress and eating have not been fully elucidated. Among the peripherally produced appetite-related peptides, ghrelin is the only orexigenic peptide, and abnormalities in the dynamics and reactivity of this peptide are involved in appetite abnormalities in various diseases and psychological states. This review presents an overview of the research results of studies evaluating the effects of various stresses on appetite. The first half of this review describes the relationship between appetite and stress, and the second half describes the relationship between the appetite-promoting peptide ghrelin and stress. The effects of sex differences and aging under stress on appetite are also described.
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Ferrier L, Eutamène H, Siegwald L, Marquard AM, Tondereau V, Chevalier J, Jacot GE, Favre L, Theodorou V, Vicario M, Rytz A, Bergonzelli G, Garcia-Rodenas CL. Human milk oligosaccharides alleviate stress-induced visceral hypersensitivity and associated microbiota dysbiosis. J Nutr Biochem 2021; 99:108865. [PMID: 34582967 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2021.108865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Pain-related functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs) are characterized by visceral hypersensitivity (VHS) associated with alterations in the microbiota-gut-brain axis. Since human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) modulate microbiota, gut and brain, we investigated whether HMOs impact VHS, and explored the role of gut microbiota. To induce VHS, C57BL/6JRj mice received hourly water avoidance stress (WAS) sessions for 10 d, or antibiotics (ATB) for 12 d. Challenged and unchallenged (Sham) animals were fed AIN93M diet (Cont) or AIN93M containing 1% of a 6-HMO mix (HMO6). VHS was assessed by monitoring the visceromotor response to colorectal distension. Fecal microbiome was analyzed by shotgun metagenomics. The effect of HMO6 sub-blends on VHS and nociceptive pathways was further tested using the WAS model. In mice fed Cont, WAS and ATB increased the visceromotor response to distension. HMO6 decreased WAS-mediated electromyographic rise at most distension volumes and overall Area Under Curve (AUC=6.12±0.50 in WAS/HMO6 vs. 9.46±0.50 in WAS/Cont; P<.0001). In contrast, VHS in ATB animals was not improved by HMO6. In WAS, HMO6 promoted most microbiota taxa and several functional pathways associated with low VHS and decreased those associated with high VHS. Among the sub-blends, 2'FL+DFL and LNT+6'SL reduced visceromotor response close to Sham/Cont values and modulated serotoninergic and CGRPα-related pathways. This research further substantiates the capacity of HMOs to modulate the microbiota-gut-brain communication and identifies mitigation of abdominal pain as a new HMO benefit. Ultimately, our findings suggest the value of specific HMO blends to alleviate pain associated FGIDs such as infantile colic or Irritable Bowel Syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Ferrier
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Nestle Research, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Hélène Eutamène
- Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRA, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Léa Siegwald
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Nestle Research, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Valerie Tondereau
- Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRA, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Julien Chevalier
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Nestle Research, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Guillaume E Jacot
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Nestle Research, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Laurent Favre
- Project Management, Nestle Research, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Vassilia Theodorou
- Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRA, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Maria Vicario
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Nestle Research, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Rytz
- Clinical Research Unit, Nestle Research, Lausanne, Switzerland
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Disability as a Determinant of Health:: Lessons from the Pandemic. Dela J Public Health 2021; 7:10-15. [PMID: 34467190 PMCID: PMC8352487 DOI: 10.32481/djph.2021.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Kim JY, Lim MH. Psychological factors to predict chronic diarrhea and constipation in Korean high school students. Medicine (Baltimore) 2021; 100:e26442. [PMID: 34232176 PMCID: PMC8270581 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000026442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Chronic diarrhea and constipation are common in adolescents and are associated with depression and anxiety. However, the association was not reported in adolescents adjusted for other psychological factors (resilience, personality traits, perceived stress, and suicidal ideation). Therefore, we investigated the significant psychological factors predicting chronic diarrhea and constipation in adjusted individuals for co-variables.A total of 819 Korean high school students who completed bowel health and psychological questionnaires were enrolled in this study. Depression and anxiety were assessed using validated questionnaires. We used multivariate analyses, controlling for demographic, dietary, lifestyle, and psychological variables to predict chronic diarrhea and constipation.Chronic diarrhea and constipation were more common in individuals with depression (22.3% and 18.6%, respectively) than in individuals with no depression (7.0% and 10.9%, respectively). In addition, they were more prevalent in individuals with anxiety (24.5% and 18.6%, respectively) than in individuals with no anxiety (9.1% and 12.7%, respectively). Multivariate analyses showed that resilience (adjusted risk ratio [aRR] = 0.98, adjusted 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.97-0.99), moderate (aRR = 6.77, adjusted 95% CI = 3.55-12.91), and severe depression (aRR = 7.42, adjusted 95% CI = 3.61-15.27) were associated with chronic diarrhea. Only mild depression was associated with chronic constipation (aRR = 2.14, adjusted 95% CI = 1.36-3.38). However, anxiety was not significantly associated with chronic diarrhea or constipation.Among the psychological factors predicting disordered bowel habits, resilience and moderate and severe depression were significant predictors of chronic diarrhea, but not anxiety. Furthermore, only mild depression was an independent predictor of chronic constipation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Young Kim
- Department of Psychology, Graduate School of Dankook University
| | - Myung Ho Lim
- Department of Psychology and Psychotherapy, College of Health Science
- Environmental Health Center, Dankook Medical Hospital, Dankook University, Cheonan, Korea
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Saarinen A, Keltikangas-Järvinen L, Viding E, Dobewall H, Kaseva K, Lehtimäki T, Raitakari O, Hintsanen M. Compassion protects against vital exhaustion and negative emotionality. MOTIVATION AND EMOTION 2021; 45:506-517. [PMID: 34720257 PMCID: PMC8550749 DOI: 10.1007/s11031-021-09878-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
We investigated (i) the predictive relationships of compassion with negative emotionality (a marker of susceptibility to stress) and vital exhaustion (a marker of chronic stress response) and (ii) the effect of compassion on the developmental courses of negative emotionality and vital exhaustion over a follow-up from early adulthood to middle age. We used the prospective Young Finns data (n = 1031-1495, aged 20-50). Compassion was evaluated in 1997, 2001, and 2012; and vital exhaustion and negative emotionality in 2001, 2007, and 2012. The predictive paths from compassion to vital exhaustion and negative emotionality were stronger than vice versa: high compassion predicted lower vital exhaustion and lower negative emotionality. The effect of high compassion on lower vital exhaustion and lower negative emotionality was evident from early adulthood to middle age. Overall, high compassion appears to protect against dimensions of stress from early adulthood to middle age, whereas this study found no evidence that dimensions of stress could reduce disposition to feel compassion for others' distress over a long-term follow-up. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11031-021-09878-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aino Saarinen
- Research Unit of Psychology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Essi Viding
- Division of Psychology and Language Sciences, University College London, London, UK
| | - Henrik Dobewall
- Research Unit of Psychology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Kaisa Kaseva
- Cicero Learning, Faculty of Educational Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Terho Lehtimäki
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, and Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center, Tampere, Finland
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Olli Raitakari
- Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Mirka Hintsanen
- Research Unit of Psychology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
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Presl J, Varga M, Mittermair C, Mitterwallner S, Weitzendorfer M, Gabersek A, Borhanian K, Heuberger A, Weiss H, Emmanuel K, von Rahden B, Koch OO. Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown on the utilization of acute surgical care in the State of Salzburg, Austria: retrospective, multicenter analysis. Eur Surg 2021; 53:48-54. [PMID: 33686347 PMCID: PMC7930888 DOI: 10.1007/s10353-021-00692-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Background Some medical disciplines have reported a strong decrease of emergencies during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic; however, the effect of the lockdown on general surgery emergencies remains unclear. Methods This study is a retrospective, multicenter analysis of general surgery emergency operations performed during the period from 1 March to 15th 2020 lockdown and in the same time period of 2019 in three medical centers providing emergency surgical care to the area Salzburg-North, Austria. Results In total 165 emergency surgeries were performed in the study period of 2020 compared to 287 in 2019. This is a significant decrease of 122 (42.5%) emergency surgeries during the COVID-19 lockdown (p = 0.005). The length of hospital stay was reduced to 3 days in 2020 compared to 4 in 2019. Appendectomy remained the most performed emergency surgery for both periods; however the number of surgeries was reduced to less than a half, with 72 cases in 2019 and 33 cases in 2020 (p = 0.118). Emergency colon surgery observed the strongest decrease of 75% from 17 cases in 2019 to 4 in 2020. In addition, the emergency abdominal wall hernia, cholecystectomies for acute cholecystitis, small surgeries and proctological emergencies recorded drops of 70%, 39%, 33% and 47% respectively. The strongest reduction in frequencies of emergency surgeries was reported from the designated COVID center in the examined region. Conclusions Emergency general surgery is an essential service that continues to run under all circumstances. Our data show that COVID-19-related restrictions have resulted in a significant decrease in the utilization of acute surgical care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaroslav Presl
- Department of Surgery, Paracelsus Medical Private University (PMU) Salzburg, University Hospital Salzburg (SALK), Müllner Hauptstr. 48, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Martin Varga
- Department of Surgery, Paracelsus Medical Private University (PMU) Salzburg, University Hospital Salzburg (SALK), Müllner Hauptstr. 48, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Christof Mittermair
- Department of Surgery, Saint John of God Hospital, Teaching Hospital of the Paracelsus Medical Private University (PMU) Salzburg, Kajetanerpl. 1, 5010 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Stefan Mitterwallner
- Department of Surgery, Hospital Oberndorf, Teaching Hospital of the Paracelsus Medical Private University (PMU) Salzburg, Paracelsusstrasse 37, 5110 Oberndorf, Austria
| | - Michael Weitzendorfer
- Department of Surgery, Paracelsus Medical Private University (PMU) Salzburg, University Hospital Salzburg (SALK), Müllner Hauptstr. 48, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Ana Gabersek
- Department of Surgery, Paracelsus Medical Private University (PMU) Salzburg, University Hospital Salzburg (SALK), Müllner Hauptstr. 48, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Kurosch Borhanian
- Department of Surgery, Paracelsus Medical Private University (PMU) Salzburg, University Hospital Salzburg (SALK), Müllner Hauptstr. 48, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Andreas Heuberger
- Department of Surgery, Hospital Oberndorf, Teaching Hospital of the Paracelsus Medical Private University (PMU) Salzburg, Paracelsusstrasse 37, 5110 Oberndorf, Austria
| | - Helmut Weiss
- Department of Surgery, Saint John of God Hospital, Teaching Hospital of the Paracelsus Medical Private University (PMU) Salzburg, Kajetanerpl. 1, 5010 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Klaus Emmanuel
- Department of Surgery, Paracelsus Medical Private University (PMU) Salzburg, University Hospital Salzburg (SALK), Müllner Hauptstr. 48, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Burkhard von Rahden
- Department of Surgery, Paracelsus Medical Private University (PMU) Salzburg, University Hospital Salzburg (SALK), Müllner Hauptstr. 48, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Oliver Owen Koch
- Department of Surgery, Paracelsus Medical Private University (PMU) Salzburg, University Hospital Salzburg (SALK), Müllner Hauptstr. 48, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
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Goelen N, Morales JF, Tack J, Janssen P. Repeated Gastric Motility Measurement Affects Gastric Motility and Epigastric Symptom Sensation. Front Med (Lausanne) 2020; 7:172. [PMID: 32426361 PMCID: PMC7203461 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2020.00172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Gastric motility is an important determinant of gastric emptying, epigastric symptom generation, and intolerance to food. Motility is classically assessed directly using manometry or an intragastric balloon. These diagnostic methods are perceived as stressful and invasive, which, by itself might influence the readout of these assessments. Our hypothesis was that with repeated exposure to an invasive motility test the outcome would be different. Methods: Gastric motility was assessed with a custom-made orogastric balloon catheter in 10 healthy subjects naive to intubation. A motility index ranging from 0 (no motility) to 1 (maximum motility) was calculated in the fasted state for 3.5 h. Symptoms were surveyed with visual analog scales of 100 mm. Results are presented as median (interquartile range). Results: Motility index during visit 1 [0.40 (0.37–0.59)] was lower compared to visit 2 [0.50 (0.45–0.66); not significant] and 3 [0.63 (0.50–0.71); p = 0.016]. Nausea and pain scores were significantly higher during visit 1 (35 (2.8–126) and 103 (88–125) mm, respectively) compared with visit 3 [1 (2.8–26) mm (p = 0.016) and 75 (30–100) mm (p = 0.008), respectively]. No adverse events were observed. Conclusions: Repeated exposure to an invasive method to assess motility resulted in more vigorous motility and lower symptom scores. Caution is warranted when interpreting functional assessments, as prior exposure to invasive tests might confound the obtained results through habituation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nick Goelen
- Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - John F Morales
- Department of Electrical Engineering-ESAT, STADIUS Center for Dynamical Systems, Signal Processing and Data Analytics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jan Tack
- Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Pieter Janssen
- Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Theodorou V, Beaufrand C, Yvon S, Laforge G, Burmeister Y, Müller A, Seilheimer B, Bueno L, Eutamene H. The multicomponent medication Spascupreel attenuates stress-induced gut dysfunction in rats. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2020; 32:e13798. [PMID: 32059072 PMCID: PMC7217055 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.13798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Revised: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a common disorder worldwide. It is characterized by abdominal pain/discomfort and changes in bowel habits. Due to the multifactorial pathophysiology and the heterogeneity of IBS patients, appropriate treatment of IBS is still a challenge. Spascupreel (SP-11), as a multicomponent medication, has the potential to modulate multiple pathophysiological pathways simultaneously. Therefore, the objective of the current study was to investigate the effects of oral SP-11 treatment on stress-induced changes of peripheral and central functions in a rat model mimicking human IBS. METHODS Naïve Wistar rats were treated with SP-11 (0.9 tab/kg) or NaCl 0.9% by oral gavage for 4 days before 2-hour partial restraint stress (PRS) procedure. Twenty minutes after PRS, central and peripheral stress-induced changes affecting IBS were assessed. These include the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis response through plasma ACTH and corticosterone measurements, visceral pain in response to colorectal distension, gut permeability, colonic mast cell number, and sensitization as well as gut transit time. RESULTS Treatment with SP-11 reduced the HPA axis activation in response to PRS. At the gut level, a reduction in colonic hypersensitivity to colorectal distension, a normalization of gut transit time acceleration, a reduced mast cell sensitization, and a trend toward reduced gut hyperpermeability were observed. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that stress-induced IBS signs can be reduced using SP-11 in rats. The observed effects and the good tolerability of the drug make SP-11 an innovative candidate in the management of IBS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vassilia Theodorou
- INRAToxAlimUMR 1331Neuro‐Gastroenterology and Nutrition GroupENVTINP‐PurpanUPSUniversité de ToulouseToulouseFrance
| | - Catherine Beaufrand
- INRAToxAlimUMR 1331Neuro‐Gastroenterology and Nutrition GroupENVTINP‐PurpanUPSUniversité de ToulouseToulouseFrance
| | - Sophie Yvon
- INRAToxAlimUMR 1331Neuro‐Gastroenterology and Nutrition GroupENVTINP‐PurpanUPSUniversité de ToulouseToulouseFrance
| | - Guylaine Laforge
- INRAToxAlimUMR 1331Neuro‐Gastroenterology and Nutrition GroupENVTINP‐PurpanUPSUniversité de ToulouseToulouseFrance
| | | | | | | | | | - Helene Eutamene
- INRAToxAlimUMR 1331Neuro‐Gastroenterology and Nutrition GroupENVTINP‐PurpanUPSUniversité de ToulouseToulouseFrance
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Abstract
Gastrointestinal (GI) disturbances are common during training and competition, especially among endurance athletes. Historically, little attention has been paid to the psychobiological etiology of GI problems in sport. The aim of this review is to: (1) provide a physiological overview of how psychological stress and anxiety impact GI system function; (2) review the literature that has examined the role of stress and anxiety in GI distress in athletes; and (3) provide suggestions for future research. Animal and human studies have documented that psychological stressors reduce gastric motility and delay stomach emptying while simultaneously increasing large intestine motility. These functional changes are likely mediated through the secretion of corticotropin-releasing factor and subsequent alterations in autonomic nervous system activity, which act to reduce splanchnic blood flow and increase GI permeability. In addition, chronic stress and anxiety may worsen GI discomfort by increasing visceral hypersensitization. Still, only a couple of studies have found modest associations between stress, anxiety, and the occurrence/severity of GI distress in active populations. As such, future work should attempt to confirm that experimentally inducing psychological stress results in the aforementioned GI problems during exercise. Furthermore, studies are needed to determine how psychological stress impacts the tolerance to nutritional fueling and whether it worsens the GI permeability that normally occurs with exercise.
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Diwakarla S, Finkelstein DI, Constable R, Artaiz O, Di Natale M, McQuade RM, Lei E, Chai XY, Ringuet MT, Fothergill LJ, Lawson VA, Ellett LJ, Berger JP, Furness JB. Chronic isolation stress is associated with increased colonic and motor symptoms in the A53T mouse model of Parkinson's disease. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2020; 32:e13755. [PMID: 31709672 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.13755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Revised: 09/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic stress exacerbates motor deficits and increases dopaminergic cell loss in several rodent models of Parkinson's disease (PD). However, little is known about effects of stress on gastrointestinal (GI) dysfunction, a common non-motor symptom of PD. We aimed to determine whether chronic stress exacerbates GI dysfunction in the A53T mouse model of PD and whether this relates to changes in α-synuclein distribution. METHODS Chronic isolation stress was induced by single-housing WT and homozygote A53T mice between 5 and 15 months of age. GI and motor function were compared with mice that had been group-housed. KEY RESULTS Chronic isolation stress increased plasma corticosterone and exacerbated deficits in colonic propulsion and whole-gut transit in A53T mice and also increased motor deficits. However, our results indicated that the novel environment-induced defecation response, a common method used to evaluate colorectal function, was not a useful test to measure exacerbation of GI dysfunction, most likely because of the reported reduced level of anxiety in A53T mice. A53T mice had lower corticosterone levels than WT mice under both housing conditions, but single-housing increased levels for both genotypes. Enteric neuropathy was observed in aging A53T mice and A53T mice had a greater accumulation of alpha-synuclein (αsyn) in myenteric ganglia under both housing conditions. CONCLUSIONS & INFERENCES Chronic isolation stress exacerbates PD-associated GI dysfunction, in addition to increasing motor deficits. However, these changes in GI symptoms are not directly related to corticosterone levels, worsened enteric neuropathy, or enteric αsyn accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanti Diwakarla
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic., Australia.,Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Vic., Australia
| | - David I Finkelstein
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - Remy Constable
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - Olivia Artaiz
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - Madeleine Di Natale
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - Rachel M McQuade
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic., Australia.,Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Vic., Australia
| | - Enie Lei
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - Xin-Yi Chai
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - Mitchell T Ringuet
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic., Australia.,Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Vic., Australia
| | - Linda J Fothergill
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Vic., Australia
| | - Victoria A Lawson
- The Department of Pathology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Vic., Australia
| | - Laura J Ellett
- The Department of Pathology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Vic., Australia
| | - Joel P Berger
- Takeda Pharmaceuticals International, Inc, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - John B Furness
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic., Australia.,Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Vic., Australia
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Browning KN. Stress-induced modulation of vagal afferents. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2019; 31:e13758. [PMID: 31736236 PMCID: PMC6986320 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.13758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Vagally dependent gastric functions, including motility, tone, compliance, and emptying rate, play an important role in the regulation of food intake and satiation. Vagal afferent fibers relay sensory information from the stomach, including meal-related information, centrally and initiate co-ordinated autonomic efferent responses that regulate upper gastrointestinal responses. The purpose of this mini-review is to highlight several recent studies which have uncovered the remarkable degree of neuroplasticity within gastric mechanosensitive vagal afferents and the recent study by Li et al, in this issue of Neurogastroenterology and Motility, who show that the mechanosensitivity of gastric vagal afferents is dysregulated in a murine model of chronic stress. The authors demonstrate that both gastric mucosal and tension afferents are hypersensitive following chronic stress, and responses to mucosal stroking and muscle stretch are enhanced significantly. As gastric distension and volumetric signaling is important in satiety signaling and meal termination, this may provide a mechanistic basis for the gastric hypersensitivity associated with stress-associated clinical problems such as functional dyspepsia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsteen N. Browning
- Department of Neural and Behavioral Sciences Penn State College of Medicine Hershey Pennsylvania
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43
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Ballou S, Katon J, Singh P, Rangan V, Lee HN, McMahon C, Iturrino J, Lembo A, Nee J. Chronic Diarrhea and Constipation Are More Common in Depressed Individuals. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2019; 17:2696-2703. [PMID: 30954714 PMCID: PMC6776710 DOI: 10.1016/j.cgh.2019.03.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Revised: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Depression is a major health issue in the United States and is highly comorbid with gastrointestinal conditions. We collected data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), a representative sample of the US population, to study the relationship between depression and bowel habits. METHODS Using data from the NHANES (2009-2010), we identified 495 depressed and 4709 non-depressed adults who filled out the Bowel Health Questionnaire. Depression was defined according to a validated questionnaire. We used multivariable analysis, controlling for clinical and demographic variables, to evaluate the relationship between mood and bowel habits. RESULTS In our weighed sample, 24.6% of depressed individuals and 12.6% of non-depressed individuals reported disordered bowel habits. Chronic diarrhea was significantly more prevalent in depressed individuals (15.53%; 95% CI, 11.34%-20.90%) than non-depressed individuals (6.05%; 95% CI, 5.24%-6.98%; P = .0001). Chronic constipation was also more common in depressed individuals (9.10%; 95% CI, 7.02%-11.69%) than non-depressed individuals (6.55%; 95% CI, 5.55%-7.70% CI; P = .003). Mean depression scores in patients with chronic diarrhea (4.9 ± 5.8) and with chronic constipation (4.4 ± 4.93) were significantly higher than mean depression scores for individuals with normal bowel habits (3.2 ± 4.6) (P < .001). Moderate and severe depression were significantly associated with chronic diarrhea but not chronic constipation. Only mild depression was significantly associated with chronic constipation. CONCLUSIONS In an analysis of the NHANES database, we found a higher proportion of depressed individuals to have chronic diarrhea and constipation than non-depressed individuals; chronic diarrhea was more strongly associated with depression. Our findings provide support for the relationship between mood and specific bowel habits, accounting for multiple co-variables in a large sample of the general US population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Ballou
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts.
| | - Jesse Katon
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, 330 Brookline Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - Prashant Singh
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, 330 Brookline Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - Vikram Rangan
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, 330 Brookline Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - Ha Neul Lee
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, 330 Brookline Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - Courtney McMahon
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, 330 Brookline Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - Johanna Iturrino
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, 330 Brookline Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - Anthony Lembo
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, 330 Brookline Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - Judy Nee
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, 330 Brookline Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
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Li H, Buisman-Pijlman FTA, Nunez-Salces M, Christie S, Frisby CL, Inserra A, Hatzinikolas G, Lewis MD, Kritas S, Wong ML, Page AJ. Chronic stress induces hypersensitivity of murine gastric vagal afferents. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2019; 31:e13669. [PMID: 31241809 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.13669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Revised: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stress exposure is known to trigger and exacerbate functional dyspepsia (FD) symptoms. Increased gastric sensitivity to food-related stimuli is widely observed in FD patients and is associated with stress and psychological disorders. The mechanisms underlying the hypersensitivity are not clear. Gastric vagal afferents (GVAs) play an important role in sensing meal-related mechanical stimulation to modulate gastrointestinal function and food intake. This study aimed to determine whether GVAs display hypersensitivity after chronic stress, and whether its interaction with leptin was altered by stress. METHODS Eight-week-old male C57BL/6 mice were exposed to unpredictable chronic mild stress or no stress (control) for 8 weeks. The metabolic rate, gastric emptying rate, and anxiety- and depression-like behaviors were determined. GVA mechanosensitivity, and its modulation by leptin, was determined using an in vitro single fiber recording technique. QRT-PCR was used to establish the levels of leptin and leptin receptor mRNA in the stomach and nodose ganglion, respectively. KEY RESULTS The stressed mice had lower body weight and food intake, and increased anxiety-like behavior compared to the control mice. The mechanosensitivity of mucosal and tension-sensitive GVAs was higher in the stressed mice. Leptin potentiated mucosal GVA mechanosensitivity in control but not stressed mice. The expression of leptin mRNA in the gastric mucosa was lower in the stressed mice. CONCLUSIONS AND INFERENCES In conclusion, chronic stress enhances GVA mechanosensitivity, which may contribute to the gastric hypersensitivity in FD. In addition, the modulatory effect of leptin on GVA signaling is lost after chronic stress exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Li
- Vagal Afferent Research Group, Centre for Nutrition and Gastrointestinal Disease, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,Nutrition, Diabetes and Metabolism, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Femke T A Buisman-Pijlman
- Behavioural Neuroscience, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Maria Nunez-Salces
- Vagal Afferent Research Group, Centre for Nutrition and Gastrointestinal Disease, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,Nutrition, Diabetes and Metabolism, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Stewart Christie
- Vagal Afferent Research Group, Centre for Nutrition and Gastrointestinal Disease, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,Nutrition, Diabetes and Metabolism, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Claudine L Frisby
- Vagal Afferent Research Group, Centre for Nutrition and Gastrointestinal Disease, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,Nutrition, Diabetes and Metabolism, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Antonio Inserra
- Neuropsychiatric Laboratory of Mental Health Disorder, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - George Hatzinikolas
- Vagal Afferent Research Group, Centre for Nutrition and Gastrointestinal Disease, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,Nutrition, Diabetes and Metabolism, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Martin D Lewis
- Neuropsychiatric Laboratory of Mental Health Disorder, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
| | - Stamatiki Kritas
- Women's and Children's Hospital, North Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Ma-Li Wong
- Neuropsychiatric Laboratory of Mental Health Disorder, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Amanda J Page
- Vagal Afferent Research Group, Centre for Nutrition and Gastrointestinal Disease, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,Nutrition, Diabetes and Metabolism, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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45
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Gonzalez-Rivas PA, Chauhan SS, Ha M, Fegan N, Dunshea FR, Warner RD. Effects of heat stress on animal physiology, metabolism, and meat quality: A review. Meat Sci 2019; 162:108025. [PMID: 31841730 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2019.108025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 245] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Heat stress is one of the most stressful events in the life of livestock with harmful consequences for animal health, productivity and product quality. Ruminants, pigs and poultry are susceptible to heat stress due to their rapid metabolic rate and growth, high level of production, and species-specific characteristics such as rumen fermentation, sweating impairment, and skin insulation. Acute heat stress immediately before slaughter stimulates muscle glycogenolysis and can result in pale, soft and exudative (PSE) meat characterized by low water holding capacity (WHC). By contrast, animals subjected to chronic heat stress, have reduced muscle glycogen stores resulting in dark, firm and dry (DFD) meat with high ultimate pH and high WHC. Furthermore, heat stress leads to oxidative stress, lipid and protein oxidation, and reduced shelf life and food safety due to bacterial growth and shedding. This review discusses the scientific evidence regarding the effects of heat stress on livestock physiology and metabolism, and their consequences for meat quality and safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula A Gonzalez-Rivas
- School of Agriculture and Food, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Science, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia.
| | - Surinder S Chauhan
- School of Agriculture and Food, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Science, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Minh Ha
- School of Agriculture and Food, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Science, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Narelle Fegan
- Agriculture and Food, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, 39 Kessels Road, Coopers Plains, QLD 4108, Australia
| | - Frank R Dunshea
- School of Agriculture and Food, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Science, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Robyn D Warner
- School of Agriculture and Food, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Science, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
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46
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Hadji-Michael M, McAllister E, Reilly C, Heyman I, Bennett S. Alexithymia in children with medically unexplained symptoms: a systematic review. J Psychosom Res 2019; 123:109736. [PMID: 31376873 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2019.109736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Revised: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Adult research investigating the link between alexithymia and medically unexplained symptoms (MUS) has found a significant relationship between increased alexithymia and MUS. This difficulty in expressing emotions is likely to begin in childhood so the objective of this paper is to present a quantitative review of studies focussing on the association between MUS and alexithymia in children. METHODS Databases were searched with predefined terms relating to alexithymia and MUS in children (0-17 years). Two reviewers independently assessed abstracts, extracted data and undertook quality analyses. Systematic review methods were used in accordance with Cochrane guidelines. RESULTS Ten studies met the criteria for inclusion in the review. Seven of the eight studies which focused on a comparison between children with MUS and healthy controls, found higher levels of self-reported alexithymia in the children with MUS. However, in the two studies where children were asked to complete tasks that objectively measure alexithymia, significant differences were not found. Results of studies comparing alexithymia in children with MUS and children with medical/psychiatric controls were inconsistent; there was some evidence of increased anxiety and depression in young people with alexithymia and MUS but inconsistency of measures across studies makes drawing conclusions difficult. CONCLUSION There is preliminary evidence that children with MUS have significantly higher levels of alexithymia than controls based on self-report measures; however, this finding was not replicated in objective tasks of alexithymia. Future studies should include validated tasks that objectively measure emotion recognition abilities and focus on possible mediating factors such as neurodevelopmental and mental health difficulties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Hadji-Michael
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health (ICH),30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, UK; Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Trust, Great Ormond Street, London WC1N 3JH, UK.
| | - Eve McAllister
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health (ICH),30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, UK; Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Trust, Great Ormond Street, London WC1N 3JH, UK
| | - Colin Reilly
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health (ICH),30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, UK; Research Department, Young Epilepsy, Lingfield, Surrey RH7 6PW, UK
| | - Isobel Heyman
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health (ICH),30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, UK; Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Trust, Great Ormond Street, London WC1N 3JH, UK
| | - Sophie Bennett
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health (ICH),30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, UK; Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Trust, Great Ormond Street, London WC1N 3JH, UK
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Continuous Stress Detection Using Wearable Sensors in Real Life: Algorithmic Programming Contest Case Study. SENSORS 2019; 19:s19081849. [PMID: 31003456 PMCID: PMC6515276 DOI: 10.3390/s19081849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2019] [Revised: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The negative effects of mental stress on human health has been known for decades. High-level stress must be detected at early stages to prevent these negative effects. After the emergence of wearable devices that could be part of our lives, researchers have started detecting extreme stress of individuals with them during daily routines. Initial experiments were performed in laboratory environments and recently a number of works took a step outside the laboratory environment to the real-life. We developed an automatic stress detection system using physiological signals obtained from unobtrusive smart wearable devices which can be carried during the daily life routines of individuals. This system has modality-specific artifact removal and feature extraction methods for real-life conditions. We further tested our system in a real-life setting with collected physiological data from 21 participants of an algorithmic programming contest for nine days. This event had lectures, contests as well as free time. By using heart activity, skin conductance and accelerometer signals, we successfully discriminated contest stress, relatively higher cognitive load (lecture) and relaxed time activities by using different machine learning methods.
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48
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Can YS, Arnrich B, Ersoy C. Stress detection in daily life scenarios using smart phones and wearable sensors: A survey. J Biomed Inform 2019; 92:103139. [PMID: 30825538 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbi.2019.103139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Revised: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Stress has become a significant cause for many diseases in the modern society. Recently, smartphones, smartwatches and smart wrist-bands have become an integral part of our lives and have reached a widespread usage. This raised the question of whether we can detect and prevent stress with smartphones and wearable sensors. In this survey, we will examine the recent works on stress detection in daily life which are using smartphones and wearable devices. Although there are a number of works related to stress detection in controlled laboratory conditions, the number of studies examining stress detection in daily life is limited. We will divide and investigate the works according to used physiological modality and their targeted environment such as office, campus, car and unrestricted daily life conditions. We will also discuss promising techniques, alleviation methods and research challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yekta Said Can
- Bogazici University, Computer Engineering Department, Turkey.
| | - Bert Arnrich
- Hasso Plattner Institute, University of Potsdam, Germany
| | - Cem Ersoy
- Bogazici University, Computer Engineering Department, Turkey
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49
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Asif A, Majid M, Anwar SM. Human stress classification using EEG signals in response to music tracks. Comput Biol Med 2019; 107:182-196. [PMID: 30836290 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2019.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Revised: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Stress is inevitably experienced by almost every person at some stage of their life. A reliable and accurate measurement of stress can give an estimate of an individual's stress burden. It is necessary to take essential steps to relieve the burden and regain control for better health. Listening to music is a way that can help in breaking the hold of stress. This study examines the effect of music tracks in English and Urdu language on human stress level using brain signals. Twenty-seven subjects including 14 males and 13 females having Urdu as their first language, with ages ranging from 20 to 35 years, voluntarily participated in the study. The electroencephalograph (EEG) signals of the participants are recorded, while listening to different music tracks by using a four-channel MUSE headband. Participants are asked to subjectively report their stress level using the state and trait anxiety questionnaire. The English music tracks used in this study are categorized into four genres i.e., rock, metal, electronic, and rap. The Urdu music tracks consist of five genres i.e., famous, patriotic, melodious, qawali, and ghazal. Five groups of features including absolute power, relative power, coherence, phase lag, and amplitude asymmetry are extracted from the preprocessed EEG signals of four channels and five bands, which are used by the classifier for stress classification. Four classifier algorithms namely sequential minimal optimization, stochastic decent gradient, logistic regression (LR), and multilayer perceptron are used to classify the subject's stress level into two and three classes. It is observed that LR performs well in identifying stress with the highest reported accuracy of 98.76% and 95.06% for two- and three-level classification respectively. For understanding gender, language, and genre related discriminations in stress, a t-test and one-way analysis of variance is used. It is evident from results that English music tracks have more influence on stress level reduction as compared to Urdu music tracks. Among the genres of both languages, a noticeable difference is not found. Moreover, significant difference is found in the scores reported by females as compared to males. This indicates that the stress behavior of females is more sensitive to music as compared to males.
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50
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Mukhtar K, Nawaz H, Abid S. Functional gastrointestinal disorders and gut-brain axis: What does the future hold? World J Gastroenterol 2019; 25:552-566. [PMID: 30774271 PMCID: PMC6371005 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v25.i5.552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Revised: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite their high prevalence, lack of understanding of the exact pathophysiology of the functional gastrointestinal disorders has restricted us to symptomatic diagnostic tools and therapies. Complex mechanisms underlying the disturbances in the bidirectional communication between the gastrointestinal tract and the brain have a vital role in the pathogenesis and are key to our understanding of the disease phenomenon. Although we have come a long way in our understanding of these complex disorders with the help of studies on animals especially rodents, there need to be more studies in humans, especially to identify the therapeutic targets. This review study looks at the anatomical features of the gut-brain axis in order to discuss the different factors and underlying molecular mechanisms that may have a role in the pathogenesis of functional gastrointestinal disorders. These molecules and their receptors can be targeted in future for further studies and possible therapeutic interventions. The article also discusses the potential role of artificial intelligence and machine learning and its possible role in our understanding of these scientifically challenging disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kashif Mukhtar
- Centre of Excellence in Women and Child Health, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Sindh 74800, Pakistan
| | - Hasham Nawaz
- Department of Medicine, Section of Gastroenterology, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Sindh 74800, Pakistan
| | - Shahab Abid
- Department of Medicine, Section of Gastroenterology, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Sindh 74800, Pakistan
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