• Staphylococcus aureus
• biofilm
• catheter
• gentamicin
• lock therapy
• vancomycin

• Antibiotic lock therapy
• Bloodstream infection
• Catheter salvage
• Hematological malignancy
• Peripherally inserted central venous catheter

• Humans
• Retrospective Studies
• Hematologic Neoplasms/therapy
• Hematologic Neoplasms/complications
• Hematologic Neoplasms/drug therapy
• Male
• Female
• Middle Aged
• Catheter-Related Infections/drug therapy
• Catheter-Related Infections/etiology
• Catheter-Related Infections/microbiology
• Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use
• Anti-Bacterial Agents/administration & dosage
• Aged
• Adult
• Bacteremia/drug therapy
• Bacteremia/etiology
• Central Venous Catheters/adverse effects
• Central Venous Catheters/microbiology
• Catheterization, Peripheral/adverse effects
• Aged, 80 and over
• Catheterization, Central Venous/adverse effects

• Catheter-related bloodstream infections
• Central venous access devices
• Locking solutions

• Humans
• Catheterization, Central Venous
• Central Venous Catheters
• Veins
• Thrombosis
• Catheterization, Peripheral
• Catheter-Related Infections/prevention & control

• antibiotic lock
• case report
• catheter-related bloodstream infection
• compatibility
• urokinase

Short bowel syndrome (SBS) with intestinal failure (IF) is a rare but severe complication of Crohn’s disease (CD), which is the most frequent benign condition that leads to SBS after repeated surgical resections, even in the era of biologics and small molecules. Glucagon-like peptide-2 analogues have been deeply studied recently for the treatment of SBS-IF. These drugs have a significant intestinotrophic effect and the potential to reduce the chronic dependence of SBS-IF patients on parenteral support or nutrition. Teduglutide has been approved for the treatment of SBS-IF, and apraglutide is currently in clinical development. The use of these drugs was examined with a focus on their use in CD patients.

• Short bowel syndrome
• Intestinal failure
• Crohn’s disease
• Glucagon-like peptide-2 analogues
• Teduglutide
• Apraglutide
• Glepaglutide

• Humans
• Glucagon-Like Peptide 2/therapeutic use
• Short Bowel Syndrome/drug therapy
• Crohn Disease/complications
• Crohn Disease/diagnosis
• Crohn Disease/drug therapy
• Intestinal Failure
• Patients

• Aged
• Catheter-Related Infections/diagnosis
• China
• Humans
• Renal Dialysis/adverse effects
• Rhodobacteraceae

• Bactériémie liée au cathéter
• Catheter-related bloodstream
• Catheter-related infection
• Hemodialysis
• Hémodialyse
• Infection de cathéter
• Microbiological epidemiology
• Épidémiologie microbiologique

• biofilm
• catheter
• medical devices
• microorganisms
• nosocomial infection
• treatment
• ventilation

• 952398 EU H2020-WIDESPREAD-05-2020
• VEGA 1/0537/19 Ministry of Education, Science, Research, and the Sport of the Slovak Republic

Diseases and complications related to catheter materials are severe problems in biomedical material applications, increasing the infection risk and medical expenses. Therefore, there is an enormous demand for catheter materials with antibacterial and antifouling properties. Considering this, in this work, we developed an approach of constructing antibacterial surfaces on polyurethane (PU) via surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization (SI-ATRP). A variety of cationic polymers were grafted on PU. The biocompatibility and antifouling properties of all resulting materials were evaluated and compared. We also used a theoretical algorithm to investigate the anticoagulant mechanism of our PU-based grafts. The hemocompatibility and anti-biofouling performance improved at a 86–112 μg/cm² grafting density. The theoretical simulation demonstrated that the in vivo anti-fouling performance and optimal biocompatibility of our PU-based materials could be achieved at a 20% grafting degree. We also discuss the mechanism responsible for the hemocompatibility of the cationic brushes fabricated in this work. The results reported in this paper provide insights and novel ideas on material design for applications related to medical catheters.

• anti-biofouling
• catheter
• cationic brushes
• graft density
• hemocompatibility
• polyurethane

• CRBSI
• CVC
• antifouling
• antimicrobial
• biofilm
• intravascular catheter

• N/A Department for the Economy Northern Ireland
• N/A Kimal PLC
• N/A Abbott Diabetes Care PLC

Although various methods have been developed to directly identify bacteria from positive blood cultures by matrix‐assisted laser desorption ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (MALDI‐TOF MS), the necessity of using commercial kits still leads to a high cost and long assay time. Moreover, few evaluations of these methods have been conducted. This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility of an optimized MALDI‐TOF MS method for direct identification of bacteria in positive blood cultures.

A total of 829 non‐repeated positive cultures were collected from July 2018 to August 2019, and direct identification was performed by an optimized MALDI‐TOF MS method. The same positive blood cultures were sub‐cultivated to obtain a single bacterial colony and identified by classical biochemical BD testing, which is the gold standard to compare the accuracy of direct identification of positive blood cultures by MALDI‐TOF MS.

After excluding 7 false‐positive samples from the 829 positive blood cultures, the most accurate rate of direct identification by this optimized MALDI‐TOF MS method was for gram‐negative bacteria (91.5%), followed by gram‐positive bacteria (88.3%), fungi (84.8%), anaerobic bacteria (80%), and other rare bacteria (66.67%).

Common bacteria in positive blood cultures can be identified directly within 1 hour by MALDI‐TOF MS, and thus, this optimized method can be used as a primary identification method by clinicians. Routine implementation of this method may significantly increase the optimal utilization rate of antibiotics and decrease mortality in bacteremia patients.

• MALDI-TOF MS
• bacteria
• blood culture
• identification