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Gajate L, de la Hoz I, Espiño M, Martin Gonzalez MDC, Fernandez Martin C, Martín-Grande A, Parise Roux D, Pastor O, Villahoz J, Rodriguez-Gandía MÁ, Nuño Vazquez J. Intravenous Ascorbic Acid for the Prevention of Postreperfusion Syndrome in Orthotopic Liver Transplantation: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial. JMIR Res Protoc 2023; 12:e50091. [PMID: 38100226 PMCID: PMC10757222 DOI: 10.2196/50091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Liver transplantation is the last therapeutic option for patients with end-stage liver disease. Postreperfusion syndrome (PRS), defined as a fall in mean arterial pressure of more than 30% within the first 5 minutes after reperfusion of at least 1 minute, can occur in liver transplantation as a deep hemodynamic instability with associated hyperfibrinolysis immediately after reperfusion of the new graft. Its incidence has remained unchanged since it was first described in 1987. PRS is related to ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury, whose pathophysiology involves the release of several mediators from both the donor and the recipient. The antioxidant effect of ascorbic acid has been studied in resuscitating patients with septic shock and burns. Even today, there are publications with conflicting results, and there is a need for further studies to confirm or rule out the usefulness of this drug in this group of patients. The addition of ascorbic acid to preservation solutions used in solid organ transplantation is under investigation to harness its antioxidant effect and mitigate I/R injury. Since PRS could be considered a manifestation of I/R injury, we believe that the possible beneficial effect of ascorbic acid on the occurrence of PRS should be investigated. OBJECTIVE The aim of this randomized controlled trial is to assess the benefits of ascorbic acid over saline in the development of PRS in adult liver transplantation. METHODS We plan to conduct a single-center randomized controlled trial at the Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal in Spain. A total of 70 participants aged 18 years or older undergoing liver transplantation will be randomized to receive either ascorbic acid or saline. The primary outcome will be the difference between groups in the incidence of PRS. The randomized controlled trial will be conducted under conditions of respect for fundamental human rights and ethical principles governing biomedical research involving human participants and in accordance with the international recommendations contained in the Declaration of Helsinki and its subsequent revisions. RESULTS The enrollment process began in 2020. A total of 35 patients have been recruited so far. Data cleaning and analysis are expected to occur in the first months of 2024. Results are expected around the middle of 2024. CONCLUSIONS We believe that this study could be particularly relevant because it will be the first to analyze the clinical effect of ascorbic acid in liver transplantation. Moreover, we believe that this study fills an important gap in the knowledge of the potential benefits of ascorbic acid in the field of liver transplantation, particularly in relation to PRS. TRIAL REGISTRATION European Union Drug Regulating Authorities Clinical Trials Database 2020-000123-39; https://tinyurl.com/2cfzddw8; ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05754242; https://tinyurl.com/346vw7sm. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID) DERR1-10.2196/50091.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Gajate
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Instituto Ramon y Cajal de Investigacion Sanitaria, Hospital Universitario Ramon y Cajal, Madrid, Spain
| | - Inés de la Hoz
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Instituto Ramon y Cajal de Investigacion Sanitaria, Hospital Universitario Ramon y Cajal, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mercedes Espiño
- Department of Immunology, Instituto Ramon y Cajal de Investigacion Sanitaria, Hospital Universitario Ramon y Cajal, Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria Del Carmen Martin Gonzalez
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Instituto Ramon y Cajal de Investigacion Sanitaria, Hospital Universitario Ramon y Cajal, Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Fernandez Martin
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Instituto Ramon y Cajal de Investigacion Sanitaria, Hospital Universitario Ramon y Cajal, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ascensión Martín-Grande
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Instituto Ramon y Cajal de Investigacion Sanitaria, Hospital Universitario Ramon y Cajal, Madrid, Spain
| | - Diego Parise Roux
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Instituto Ramon y Cajal de Investigacion Sanitaria, Hospital Universitario Ramon y Cajal, Madrid, Spain
| | - Oscar Pastor
- Department of Biochemistry, Instituto Ramon y Cajal de Investigacion Sanitaria, Hospital Universitario Ramon y Cajal, Madrid, Spain
| | - Judith Villahoz
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Instituto Ramon y Cajal de Investigacion Sanitaria, Hospital Universitario Ramon y Cajal, Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Ángel Rodriguez-Gandía
- Department of Digestive Diseases, Instituto Ramon y Cajal de Investigacion Sanitaria, Hospital Universitario Ramon y Cajal, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Nuño Vazquez
- Department of Liver Surgery, Instituto Ramon y Cajal de Investigacion Sanitaria, Hospital Universitario Ramon y Cajal, Madrid, Spain
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Ketchum P, Parsonnet J, Stotts L, Novitsky T, Schlain B, Bates D, AMCC SEPSIS Project. Utilization of a chromogenic Limulus amebocyte lysate blood assay in a multi-center study of sepsis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/096805199700400102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
We conducted a prospective study of a chromogenic LAL assay in 346 patients with sepsis syndrome, as defined by a modification of the Bone criteria, and 131 healthy volunteers at eight member centers of the Academic Medical College Consortium (AMCC). We identified patients with endotoxemia (> 0.40 EU/ml) by measuring LAL-reactive material in whole blood, extracted by the Tamura nitric acid method, with the chromogenic LAL (Pyrochrome®) assay. The mean result in sepsis patients with detectable endotoxemia (n = 241) was 1.07 ± 1.57 EU/ml, and the mean result in 131 volunteers was 0.151 ± 0.113 EU/ml, with 73% of the volunteers' results falling below the detectable limit. The average incidence of endotoxemia in sepsis patients was 33%, but varied 2.7-fold among the clinical centers (range 16-44%). Assay results were repeatable when samples tested frozen at the clinical sites were compared to results on frozen samples tested at Associates of Cape Cod, Inc. (ACC). Multiple samples were obtained from 40 patients at 18-24 h interval(s). Fourteen multidraw patients (35%) were endotoxemic at one or more draw(s) and eight of these patients had two or more draws with endotoxin levels > 1.0 EU/ml. The presence of sulfa drugs gave false positive results in two patient samples. A positive LAL test did not correlate with culture-proven bacterial infection and did not significantly correlate with mortality. There was a correlation ( P = 0.014) between a patient having a positive LAL test and the presence of a fungal infection when mixed fungal and bacterial infections were included. There was no correlation with a positive LAL test when only a fungal infection was present (P = 0.425) or when only a fungal and a Gram-positive infection was present ( P = 0.087).
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Affiliation(s)
- P.A. Ketchum
- Associates of Cape Cod, Inc., Woods Hole, Massachusetts, USA
| | - J. Parsonnet
- Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA
| | - L.S. Stotts
- Associates of Cape Cod, Inc., Woods Hole, Massachusetts, USA
| | - T.J. Novitsky
- Associates of Cape Cod, Inc., Woods Hole, Massachusetts, USA
| | - B. Schlain
- Brian Schlain, Inc., Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - D.W. Bates
- Division of General Medicine and Primary Care, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Siniscalchi A, Gamberini L, Laici C, Bardi T, Ercolani G, Lorenzini L, Faenza S. Post reperfusion syndrome during liver transplantation: From pathophysiology to therapy and preventive strategies. World J Gastroenterol 2016; 22:1551-1569. [PMID: 26819522 PMCID: PMC4721988 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v22.i4.1551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2015] [Revised: 10/20/2015] [Accepted: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
This review aims at evaluating the existing evidence regarding post reperfusion syndrome, providing a description of the pathophysiologic mechanisms involved and possible management and preventive strategies. A PubMed search was conducted using the MeSH database, “Reperfusion” AND “liver transplantation” were the combined MeSH headings; EMBASE and the Cochrane library were also searched using the same terms. 52 relevant studies and one ongoing trial were found. The concept of post reperfusion syndrome has evolved through years to a multisystemic disorder. The implications of the main organ, recipient and procedure related factors in the genesis of this complex syndrome are discussed in the text as the novel pharmacologic and technical approaches to reduce its incidence. However the available evidence about risk factors, physiopathology and preventive measures is still confusing, the presence of two main definitions and the numerosity of possible confounding factors greatly complicates the interpretation of the studies.
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Jeong SM. Postreperfusion syndrome during liver transplantation. Korean J Anesthesiol 2015; 68:527-39. [PMID: 26634075 PMCID: PMC4667137 DOI: 10.4097/kjae.2015.68.6.527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2015] [Revised: 07/31/2015] [Accepted: 08/07/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
As surgical and graft preservation techniques have improved and immunosuppressive drugs have advanced, liver transplantation (LT) is now considered the gold standard for treating patients with end-stage liver disease worldwide. However, despite the improved survival following LT, severe hemodynamic disturbances during LT remain a serious issue for the anesthesiologist. The greatest hemodynamic disturbance is postreperfusion syndrome (PRS), which occurs at reperfusion of the donated liver after unclamping of the portal vein. PRS is characterized by marked decreases in mean arterial pressure and systemic vascular resistance, and moderate increases in pulmonary arterial pressure and central venous pressure. The underlying pathophysiological mechanisms of PRS are complex. Moreover, risk factors associated with PRS are not fully understood. Rapid and appropriate treatment with vasopressors, volume replacement, or venesection must be provided depending on the cause of the hemodynamic disturbance when hemodynamic instability becomes profound after reperfusion. The negative effects of PRS on postoperative early morbidity and mortality are clear, but the effect of PRS on postoperative long-term mortality remains a matter of debate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Moon Jeong
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Laboratory for Cardiovascular Dynamics, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Dupré A, Gagnière J, Tixier L, Ines DD, Perbet S, Pezet D, Buc E. Massive hepatic necrosis with toxic liver syndrome following portal vein ligation. World J Gastroenterol 2013; 19:2826-2829. [PMID: 23687421 PMCID: PMC3653158 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v19.i18.2826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2012] [Revised: 01/08/2013] [Accepted: 02/06/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Right portal vein ligation (PVL) is a safe and widespread procedure to induce controlateral liver hypertrophy for the treatment of bilobar colorectal liver metastases. We report a case of a 60-year-old man treated by both right PVL and ligation of the glissonian branches of segment 4 for colorectal liver metastases surrounding the right and median hepatic veins. After surgery, the patient developed massive hepatic necrosis with secondary pulmonary and renal insufficiency requiring transfer to the intensive care unit. This so-called toxic liver syndrome finally regressed after hemofiltration and positive oxygen therapy. Diagnosis of acute congestion of the ligated lobe was suspected. The mechanism suspected was an increase in arterial inflow secondary to portal vein ligation concomitant with a decrease in venous outflow due to liver metastases encircling the right and median hepatic vein. This is the first documented case of toxic liver syndrome in a non-cirrhotic patient with favorable issue, and a rare complication of PVL.
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Fiegel M, Cheng S, Zimmerman M, Seres T, Weitzel NS. Postreperfusion Syndrome During Liver Transplantation. Semin Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2012; 16:106-13. [DOI: 10.1177/1089253212444791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sara Cheng
- University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, USA
| | | | - Tamas Seres
- University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, USA
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Arora H, Thekkekandam J, Tesche L, Sweeting R, Gerber DA, Hayashi PH, Andreoni K, Kozlowski T. Long-term survival after 67 hours of anhepatic state due to primary liver allograft nonfunction. Liver Transpl 2010; 16:1428-33. [PMID: 21117253 DOI: 10.1002/lt.22166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Primary liver allograft nonfunction immediately after transplantation poses a life-threatening situation for the recipient. Emergency retransplantation may not be immediately possible due to organ unavailability. Total hepatectomy with temporary portacaval shunt has been described as a bridge to retransplantation when the presence of the graft appears to be harming the recipient. Case reports of retransplantation after total hepatectomy with anhepatic times greater than 48 hours routinely describe poor outcomes. We present a case with excellent patient outcome after 95 hours of clinical anhepatic state, including 67 hours of anatomical anhepatic time, because of primary liver allograft nonfunction. This case report documents the longest anhepatic time with subsequent successful transplant to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harendra Arora
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7211, USA
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Filho JAR, Nani RS, Carmona MJC, Ballesteros MV, D'Albuquerque LAC. Anestesia para trasplante hepático en hepatitis fulminante. COLOMBIAN JOURNAL OF ANESTHESIOLOGY 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s0120-3347(09)74010-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
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Guirl MJ, Weinstein JS, Goldstein RM, Levy MF, Klintmalm GB. Two-stage total hepatectomy and liver transplantation for acute deterioration of chronic liver disease: a new bridge to transplantation. Liver Transpl 2004; 10:564-70. [PMID: 15048803 DOI: 10.1002/lt.20134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Two-stage total hepatectomy and liver transplantation has been reported for acute liver disease such as fulminant hepatic failure, primary graft failure, severe hepatic trauma, and spontaneous hepatic rupture secondary to hemolysis, elevated liver function tests, low platelets syndrome, and preeclampsia. This is the first report of patients with cirrhosis to undergo a 2-stage total hepatectomy and liver transplantation. From 1984 to 2002, our institution performed 2008 orthotopic liver transplantations. We identified 4 patients with chronic liver disease who underwent a 2-stage hepatectomy and liver transplantation. This is a retrospective review of these 4 patients and a review of the literature on this procedure. All 4 patients were young men with an age range of 29-31 years and had underlying cirrhosis as well as a previous transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS)procedure. Acute decompensation fulfilling Ringes' criteria for toxic liver syndrome secondary to an upper gastrointestinal bleed occurred in all patients. The approximate average time between hepatectomy and liver transplantation was 20 hours (range: 8-42 hours). In all cases, the explanted liver showed histological changes of acute hepatic necrosis within the background of cirrhosis. After hepatectomy, vasopressor requirements were well documented in 2 patients. For 1 patient, there was a clear improvement in their hemodynamic status. The mean hospital stay of the 4 patients was 63 days. All patients were discharged from the hospital and are alive and well with adequate liver function at 6 to 37 months follow-up. Two-stage total hepatectomy and liver transplantation may be a life-saving procedure in highly selected cirrhotic patients with acute hepatic decompensation and multiorgan dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Guirl
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75246, USA.
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Maring JK, Zwaveling JH, Klompmaker IJ, Meer J, Slooff MJ. Selective bowel decontamination in elective liver transplantation: no improvement in endotoxaemia, initial graft function and post-operative morbidity. Transpl Int 2002. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-2277.2002.tb00174.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Mora N, Kaptanoglu L, Zhang Z, Niekrasz M, Black S, Ver Steeg K, Wade R, Siddall V, Pao W, Walsh W, Ivancic D, Kaufman D, Abecassis M, Stuart F, Blei A, Leventhal J, Fryer J. Single vs. dual vessel porcine extracorporeal liver perfusion. J Surg Res 2002; 103:228-35. [PMID: 11922739 DOI: 10.1006/jsre.2002.6366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The use of porcine extracorporeal liver perfusion (PECLP) to provide temporary hepatic support for patients in fulminant hepatic failure has been limited by the fact that individual perfusions can be sustained for only a few hours. Inadequate liver function and/or hemodynamic instability are the major contributing factors for early interruption of PECLP. Recent reports suggest that the choice of single (portal vein only) vs dual (portal vein and hepatic artery) vessel perfusion may influence the duration of perfusion. We hypothesize that PECLP with single vessel perfusion (SVP) is associated with worse liver function and greater hemodynamic instability than PECLP with dual vessel perfusion (DVP). MATERIALS AND METHODS To eliminate the potentially confounding influences of liver failure and xenograft rejection, liver isografts procured from White-Landrace pig donors were perfused by either SVP or DVP via an extracorporeal circuit established with normal White-Landrace pig recipients. The function of perfused livers was evaluated by measuring production of bile and Factors V and VIII, clearance of ammonia and lactate, and extraction of O(2) at baseline and at 0, 1, 3, 6, 12, and 24 h after initiation of PECLP. The impact of PECLP on recipient hemodynamic status was assessed by monitoring BP, heart rate, urine output, O(2) saturation, etc. Among other parameters evaluated were serum albumin and total protein and hepatic release of IL-1beta and nitric oxide to assess their possible contributions to hemodynamic instability. RESULTS DVP and SVP livers cleared ammonia and lactate similarly. Both approaches were associated with progressive hypoalbuminemia and hypoproteinemia. DVP livers produced more bile and Factor V and were associated with less recipient hypotension and IL-1beta and NO release than SVP livers. CONCLUSIONS Livers with DVP function better than livers with SVP. The duration of PECLP can be limited by recipient hypotension, although this complication is less severe with DVP than with SVP.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Mora
- Northwestern University Medical School, Chicago, Illinois, 60611-2923, USA
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Maring JK, Klompmaker IJ, Zwaveling JH, van Der Meer J, Limburg PC, Slooff MJ. Endotoxins and cytokines during liver transplantation: changes in plasma levels and effects on clinical outcome. Liver Transpl 2000; 6:480-8. [PMID: 10915172 DOI: 10.1053/jlts.2000.8311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Endotoxins, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin-1 (IL-1), and IL-6 are believed to have a key role in liver transplantation. The origin and course of these factors is not completely known. In this prospective study of 40 patients, we sought more understanding of the relations between these factors and their effects on clinical outcome by sampling at different sites. Endotoxemia was only present in 20% of the patients. In 75% of these patients, it was present during the anhepatic phase and quickly resolved after reperfusion. Endotoxemia was not related to a clinical adverse event. TNF-alpha was released from the graft after reperfusion, and initial levels after reperfusion were related to predonation levels in the donor. Only levels of TNF-alpha in the recipient before transplantation were found to be predictive of postoperative complications. We conclude that monitoring endotoxins and these cytokines is of very limited value in predicting outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- J K Maring
- Department of Surgery, Liver Transplant Group Groningen, University Hospital Groningen, The Netherlands
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Krenn CG, Plöchl W, Nikolic A, Metnitz PG, Scheuba C, Spiss CK, Steltzer H. Intrathoracic fluid volumes and pulmonary function during orthotopic liver transplantation. Transplantation 2000; 69:2394-400. [PMID: 10868647 DOI: 10.1097/00007890-200006150-00031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Impaired pulmonary function is a frequent finding in patients undergoing orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT). Experimental data suggest an essential contribution of splanchnic ischemia and reperfusion as a result of intraoperative volume shifts, i.e., the accumulation of extravascular lung water (EVLW). Increases of intrathoracic blood volume (ITBV) and pulmonary blood volume (PBV) might additionally influence pulmonary capillary fluid filtration. The main objective of this study was to determine the intrathoracic volume changes during OLT and to test whether there were any relationships between intra- and extravascular volume shifts and pulmonary function, as determined by the calculation of venous admixture (QS/QT) and alveolar-arterial oxygen gradient (AaDO2). METHODS Twenty-five patients undergoing OLT were studied. Using the transpulmonary double indicator dilution method, ITBV, PBV, and EVLW were determined from the mean transit times and exponential decay times of the indocyanine green and the thermal indicator curves recorded simultaneously with a fiberoptic catheter in the descending aorta. Recordings were made after induction of anesthesia, at the end of the anhepatic stage, immediately after reperfusion, and 1 and 4 h postoperatively. RESULTS Significant increases in QS/QT related to changes of ITBV were observed after reperfusion. Only a minor impact on AaDO2 was perceived. EVLW remained constant during the study period. CONCLUSIONS Postreperfusion increases of ITBV influence pulmonary function, as demonstrated by the increase in QS/QT. However, they need not be associated with greater EVLW levels, and impact on oxygenation is less severe than assumed. Hence, sufficient mechanisms protecting oxygenation and stalling increased EVLW seem to be present during uncomplicated human OLT.
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Affiliation(s)
- C G Krenn
- Department of Anesthesiology and General Intensive Care, University of Vienna, Austria
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Câmara Neto RD, Lopes SL, Coelho ARDB, Souza APD, Ferraz ÁAB, Ferraz EM. Lesão de isquemia e reperfusão hepáticas em cães: estudos histológicos sobre necrose hepatocítica, conteúdo de glicogênio hepático e contagem tecidual de polimorfonucleares. Rev Col Bras Cir 1999. [DOI: 10.1590/s0100-69911999000300008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
No transplante hepático, a fisiopatologia da lesão de isquemia e reperfusão do fígado não é completamente conhecida. Várias preparações experimentais têm sido usadas para estudos de tal lesão. Para tal fim, no presente trabalho, um modelo modificado foi proposto e avaliado. Vinte cães mestiços, pesando 15,25 ± 1,21 kg, sob anestesia geral, foram distribuídos em dois grupos de investigação: 1. Grupo Teste (n = 10) - os animais foram submetidos a desvascularização de 70% da massa hepática, por período de noventa minutos, seguida de revascularização do fígado. Durante o período de isquemia, a descompressão venosa esplâncnica foi realizada através dos lobos caudado e lateral direito; 2. Grupo Controle (n = 10) - os cães foram submetidos a operação simulada. Em todos os animais foram realizadas biópsias do fígado. O método foi avaliado através de determinações de Necrose Hepatocítica (NH), Conteúdo de Glicogênio Hepático (CGH) e Contagem Tecidual de Polimorfonucleares (CTPMN), realizadas aos cinco minutos antes da isquemia (To) cinco minutos antes da reperfusão (T1) e uma hora (T2) e cinco horas (T3) após a reperfusão. Os resultados permitiram concluir com uma confiança de 95% que: I. Houve aumento progressivo de intensidade de NH e diminuição do CGH durante os estágios de isquemia e de reperfusão hepáticas; 2. Não foi comprovada diferença significativa na CTPMN entre os grupos investigados. As alterações histológicas verificadas são indicativas de NH efetiva, decorrente de isquemia e reperfusão do fígado.
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Oldhafer KJ, Bornscheuer A, Frühauf NR, Frerker MK, Schlitt HJ, Ringe B, Raab R, Pichlmayr R. Rescue hepatectomy for initial graft non-function after liver transplantation. Transplantation 1999; 67:1024-8. [PMID: 10221488 DOI: 10.1097/00007890-199904150-00015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early retransplantation is the therapy of choice in patients with initial graft nonfunction (INF). In rare cases the patients' conditions deteriorate dramatically with severe cardiovascular and/or pulmonary insufficiency while on the waiting list for retransplantation. In this life-threatening situation removal of the graft and temporary portocaval shunt before allocation of a new liver proved to be effective. Our experience with this two-stage hepatectomy and subsequent liver transplantation in patients with complicated INF is reported. METHODS Hepatectomy was performed in 20 patients with INF associated with severe cardiovascular and pulmonary insufficiency while on the waiting list for emergency liver retransplantation. The mean age was 41.75+/-16.64 years. The time period between primary transplantation and hepatectomy was 2.80+/-2.84 days with a range from 1 to 9 days. RESULTS Hepatectomy reduced the need for vasopressive agents and improved pulmonary function in the majority of patients. Four patients died before a liver was available due to brain death in one patient and multiorgan failure in three patients. In the remaining 16 patients liver transplantation could be performed after 19.82+/-15.34 hr (range 6.58 to 72.50 hr). Two of the 16 transplanted patients died on the first postoperative day due to multiorgan failure and pneumonia. The remaining 14 of 16 patients survived retransplantation, but 7 died between days 13 and 105 mostly due to sepsis. Seven patients were discharged from the hospital in good condition and show long-term survival. CONCLUSION Hepatectomy was able to stabilize the cardiovascular and pulmonary function. This study confirms the beneficial effects of hepatectomy and subsequent liver transplantation as a life-saving procedure in patients with INF complicated by cardiovascular and/or pulmonary instability.
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Affiliation(s)
- K J Oldhafer
- Klinik für Abdominal und Transplantationschirurgie, Medizinische Hochschule, Hannover, Germany
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Ishine N, Yagi T, Ishikawa T, Sasaki H, Nakagawa K, Tanaka N. Hemodynamic analysis of post-reperfusion syndrome and the effect of preventing this syndrome using thromboxane A2 synthetase inhibitor (OKY-046) in swine liver transplantation. Transplant Proc 1997; 29:378-81. [PMID: 9123045 DOI: 10.1016/s0041-1345(96)00127-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- N Ishine
- First Department of Surgery, Okayama University Medical School, Japan
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