|
1
|
Natskoulis PI, Miliordos DE, Koutsouris AN, Tarantilis PA, Pappas CS, Kallithraka S, Kotseridis Y, Metafa M. Optimisation of Retsina Wine Quality: Effects of Resin Concentration, Yeast Strain, and Oak Chip Type. Foods 2024; 13:3376. [PMID: 39517160 PMCID: PMC11545637 DOI: 10.3390/foods13213376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2024] [Revised: 10/10/2024] [Accepted: 10/16/2024] [Indexed: 11/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Retsina, Greece's most renowned traditional wine, has been produced for millennia, with archaeological and historical evidence supporting its legacy. It is legally defined as wine made exclusively in Greece using grape must infused with Aleppo pine resin (Pinus halepensis). This study examines the effects of varying resin concentrations (0.5 g/L and 1 g/L), two commercial yeast strains, and medium-toast oak (Nadalié Cooperage, Ludon-Médoc, France) American and French, on Retsina's chemical and sensory properties to optimise its production. Wine samples from the Savatiano grape variety were analysed for classical wine parameters, oxidation stability, volatile compounds, organic acids, phenolic profiles, and sensory attributes. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) revealed that yeast strain selection significantly influences chemical composition, with Zymaflore X5 associated with higher organic acid levels. Oak addition altered phenolic profiles, with American oak increasing ellagic acid, while non-oaked wines showed higher syringic and p-coumaric acids. Resin addition elevated alpha-pinene, a key marker of resin aroma, but reduced esters linked to fruity and floral notes. These findings highlight the complex interactions between resin, yeast, and oak, offering insights for enhancing Retsina's quality while preserving its traditional character.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pantelis I. Natskoulis
- Institute of Technology of Agricultural Products, Hellenic Agricultural Organization—DIMITRA, 1 Sofokli Venizelou, 141 23 Lycovrisi, Greece; (P.I.N.)
| | - Dimitrios-Evangelos Miliordos
- Institute of Technology of Agricultural Products, Hellenic Agricultural Organization—DIMITRA, 1 Sofokli Venizelou, 141 23 Lycovrisi, Greece; (P.I.N.)
- Laboratory of Oenology and Alcoholic Drinks, Department of Food Science & Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos, 118 55 Athens, Greece; (A.N.K.); (S.K.); (Y.K.)
| | - Apostolos N. Koutsouris
- Laboratory of Oenology and Alcoholic Drinks, Department of Food Science & Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos, 118 55 Athens, Greece; (A.N.K.); (S.K.); (Y.K.)
| | - Petros A. Tarantilis
- Laboratory of Chemistry, Department of Food Science & Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos, 118 55 Athens, Greece; (P.A.T.)
| | - Christos S. Pappas
- Laboratory of Chemistry, Department of Food Science & Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos, 118 55 Athens, Greece; (P.A.T.)
| | - Stamatina Kallithraka
- Laboratory of Oenology and Alcoholic Drinks, Department of Food Science & Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos, 118 55 Athens, Greece; (A.N.K.); (S.K.); (Y.K.)
| | - Yorgos Kotseridis
- Laboratory of Oenology and Alcoholic Drinks, Department of Food Science & Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos, 118 55 Athens, Greece; (A.N.K.); (S.K.); (Y.K.)
| | - Maria Metafa
- Institute of Technology of Agricultural Products, Hellenic Agricultural Organization—DIMITRA, 1 Sofokli Venizelou, 141 23 Lycovrisi, Greece; (P.I.N.)
| |
Collapse
|
|
2
|
Rosiak A, Józefowska A, Sekulska-Nalewajko J, Gocławski J, Kałużna-Czaplińska J. Funerary vs. domestic vessels from the Hallstatt period. A study on ceramic vases from the Milejowice settlement and the Domasław cemetery. Sci Rep 2024; 14:19942. [PMID: 39198548 PMCID: PMC11358438 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-70219-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 08/13/2024] [Indexed: 09/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Clay vessels have a wide variety of functions in social activities in the Hallstatt period. In addition to food storage and processing, they were used for ritual purposes and as funerary vessels. The paper presents the results of archaeological and chromatographic studies of 31 vases from two different Hallstatt culture sites in lower Silesia (Poland). The investigations included vessels fragments from the Domasław cemetery and from the Milejowice settlement. The chromatographic analyses focused on fatty acids and biomarkers and made it possible to identify the most likely sources of substances they came into contact with during use. The c-means and hierarchical cluster analyses showed that grave vessels differed from settlement ceramics. Thus, conclusions on the diverse vessel functions could be made.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Angelina Rosiak
- Institute of General and Ecological Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Żeromskiego 116, 90-924, Lodz, Poland.
| | - Anna Józefowska
- Institute of Archaeology and Ethnology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Al. Solidarności 105, 00-140, Warszawa, Poland.
| | - Joanna Sekulska-Nalewajko
- Institute of Applied Computer Science, Faculty of Electrical, Electronic, Computer and Control Engineering, Lodz University of Technology, Stefanowskiego 18, 90-537, Lodz, Poland
| | - Jarosław Gocławski
- Institute of Applied Computer Science, Faculty of Electrical, Electronic, Computer and Control Engineering, Lodz University of Technology, Stefanowskiego 18, 90-537, Lodz, Poland
| | - Joanna Kałużna-Czaplińska
- Institute of General and Ecological Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Żeromskiego 116, 90-924, Lodz, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
|
3
|
Deckers K, Riehl S, Meadows J, Tumolo V, Hinojosa-Baliño I, Lawrence D. A history of olive and grape cultivation in Southwest Asia using charcoal and seed remains. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0303578. [PMID: 38900727 PMCID: PMC11189204 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0303578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Evaluating archaeobotanical data from over 3.9 million seeds and 124,300 charcoal fragments across 330 archaeological site phases in Southwest Asia, we reconstruct the history of olive and grape cultivation spanning a period of 6,000 years. Combining charcoal and seed data enables investigation into both the production and consumption of olive and grape. The earliest indication for olive and grape cultivation appears in the southern Levant around ca. 5000 BC and 4th millennium BC respectively, although cultivation may have been practiced prior to these dates. Olive and grape cultivation in Southwest Asia was regionally concentrated within the Levant until 600 BC, although there were periodic pushes to the East. Several indications for climate influencing the history of olive and grape cultivation were found, as well as a correlation between periods of high population density and high proportions of olive and grape remains in archaeological sites. While temporal uncertainty prevents a detailed understanding of the causal mechanisms behind these correlations, we suggest that long distance trade in olives, grapes and their associated products was integral to the economic, social, and demographic trajectories of the region.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katleen Deckers
- Institute for Archaeological Sciences, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Simone Riehl
- Institute for Archaeological Sciences and Senckenberg Center for Human Evolution and Palaeoenvironment (HEP), University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Joseph Meadows
- Department of Archaeology, Durham University, Durham, United Kingdom
| | - Valentina Tumolo
- Department of Archaeology, Durham University, Durham, United Kingdom
- Department of Humanistic Sciences, Communication and Tourism (DISUCOM), Università degli Studi della Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy
| | | | - Dan Lawrence
- Department of Archaeology, Durham University, Durham, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
|
4
|
Rodriguez-Izquierdo A, Carrasco D, Anand L, Magnani R, Catarecha P, Arroyo-Garcia R, Rodriguez Lopez CM. Epigenetic differences between wild and cultivated grapevines highlight the contribution of DNA methylation during crop domestication. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 24:504. [PMID: 38840239 PMCID: PMC11155169 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-05197-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
The domestication process in grapevines has facilitated the fixation of desired traits. Nowadays, vegetative propagation through cuttings enables easier preservation of these genotypes compared to sexual reproduction. Nonetheless, even with vegetative propagation, various phenotypes are often present within the same vineyard due to the accumulation of somatic mutations. These mutations are not the sole factors influencing phenotype. Alongside somatic variations, epigenetic variation has been proposed as a pivotal player in regulating phenotypic variability acquired during domestication. The emergence of these epialleles might have significantly influenced grapevine domestication over time. This study aims to investigate the impact of domestication on methylation patterns in cultivated grapevines. Reduced-representation bisulfite sequencing was conducted on 18 cultivated and wild accessions. Results revealed that cultivated grapevines exhibited higher methylation levels than their wild counterparts. Differential Methylation Analysis between wild and cultivated grapevines identified a total of 9955 differentially methylated cytosines, of which 78% were hypermethylated in cultivated grapevines. Functional analysis shows that core methylated genes (consistently methylated in both wild and cultivated accessions) are associated with stress response and terpenoid/isoprenoid metabolic processes. Meanwhile, genes with differential methylation are linked to protein targeting to the peroxisome, ethylene regulation, histone modifications, and defense response. Collectively, our results highlight the significant roles that epialleles may have played throughout the domestication history of grapevines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Rodriguez-Izquierdo
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas (CBGP-INIA), CSIC - Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Campus Montegancedo, Madrid, Spain
| | - David Carrasco
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas (CBGP-INIA), CSIC - Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Campus Montegancedo, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lakshay Anand
- Environmental Epigenetics and Genetics Group (EEGG), Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture, Food and environment, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Roberta Magnani
- Environmental Epigenetics and Genetics Group (EEGG), Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture, Food and environment, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Pablo Catarecha
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas (CBGP-INIA), CSIC - Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Campus Montegancedo, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rosa Arroyo-Garcia
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas (CBGP-INIA), CSIC - Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Campus Montegancedo, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Carlos M Rodriguez Lopez
- Environmental Epigenetics and Genetics Group (EEGG), Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture, Food and environment, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
|
5
|
Ward CM, Onetto CA, Van Den Heuvel S, Cuijvers KM, Hale LJ, Borneman AR. Recombination, admixture and genome instability shape the genomic landscape of Saccharomyces cerevisiae derived from spontaneous grape ferments. PLoS Genet 2024; 20:e1011223. [PMID: 38517929 PMCID: PMC10990190 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1011223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Cultural exchange of fermentation techniques has driven the spread of Saccharomyces cerevisiae across the globe, establishing natural populations in many countries. Despite this, Oceania is thought to lack native populations of S. cerevisiae, only being introduced after colonisation. Here we investigate the genomic landscape of 411 S. cerevisiae isolated from spontaneous grape fermentations in Australia across multiple locations, years, and grape cultivars. Spontaneous fermentations contained highly recombined mosaic strains that exhibited high levels of genome instability. Assigning genomic windows to putative ancestral origin revealed that few closely related starter lineages have come to dominate the genetic landscape, contributing most of the genetic variation. Fine-scale phylogenetic analysis of loci not observed in strains of commercial wine origin identified widespread admixture with European derived beer yeast along with three independent admixture events from potentially endemic Oceanic lineages that was associated with genome instability. Finally, we investigated Australian ecological niches for basal isolates, identifying phylogenetically distinct S. cerevisiae of non-European, non-domesticated origin associated with admixture loci. Our results illustrate the effect commercial use of microbes may have on local microorganism genetic diversity and demonstrates the presence of non-domesticated, potentially endemic lineages of S. cerevisiae in Australian niches that are actively admixing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chris M. Ward
- Australian Wine Research Institute, Urrbrae, South Australia, Australia
| | - Cristobal A. Onetto
- Australian Wine Research Institute, Urrbrae, South Australia, Australia
- University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | | | | | - Laura J. Hale
- Australian Wine Research Institute, Urrbrae, South Australia, Australia
| | - Anthony R. Borneman
- Australian Wine Research Institute, Urrbrae, South Australia, Australia
- University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
|
6
|
Daute M, Jack F, Walker G. The potential for Scotch Malt Whisky flavour diversification by yeast. FEMS Yeast Res 2024; 24:foae017. [PMID: 38684485 PMCID: PMC11095643 DOI: 10.1093/femsyr/foae017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Revised: 04/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Scotch Whisky, a product of high importance to Scotland, has gained global approval for its distinctive qualities derived from the traditional production process, which is defined in law. However, ongoing research continuously enhances Scotch Whisky production and is fostering a diversification of flavour profiles. To be classified as Scotch Whisky, the final spirit needs to retain the aroma and taste of 'Scotch'. While each production step contributes significantly to whisky flavour-from malt preparation and mashing to fermentation, distillation, and maturation-the impact of yeast during fermentation is crucially important. Not only does the yeast convert the sugar to alcohol, it also produces important volatile compounds, e.g. esters and higher alcohols, that contribute to the final flavour profile of whisky. The yeast chosen for whisky fermentations can significantly influence whisky flavour, so the yeast strain employed is of high importance. This review explores the role of yeast in Scotch Whisky production and its influence on flavour diversification. Furthermore, an extensive examination of nonconventional yeasts employed in brewing and winemaking is undertaken to assess their potential suitability for adoption as Scotch Whisky yeast strains, followed by a review of methods for evaluating new yeast strains.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martina Daute
- Division of Engineering and Food Sciences, School of Applied Sciences, Abertay University, Bell St, DD1 1HG, Dundee, Scotland
- The Scotch Whisky Research Institute, Research Ave N, EH14 4AP, Edinburgh, Scotland
| | - Frances Jack
- The Scotch Whisky Research Institute, Research Ave N, EH14 4AP, Edinburgh, Scotland
| | - Graeme Walker
- Division of Engineering and Food Sciences, School of Applied Sciences, Abertay University, Bell St, DD1 1HG, Dundee, Scotland
| |
Collapse
|
|
7
|
Schumacher S, Mertes C, Kaltenbach T, Bleyer G, Fuchs R. A method for phenotypic evaluation of grapevine resistance in relation to phenological development. Sci Rep 2024; 14:915. [PMID: 38195696 PMCID: PMC10776754 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-50666-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Fungus-resistant grapevine cultivars, so called PIWIs, are characterized by increased resistance to powdery mildew and downy mildew. However, in order to maintain the durability of resistance in these new grape cultivars, targeted fungicide treatments are recommended. For ideal schedule of these treatments, it is necessary to recognize the most sensitive organs of the grape. This study introduces a method for phenotypic evaluation of Plasmopara viticola resistance in grape clusters under controlled and standardized conditions during phenological development over the entire season. The approach was validated with the traditional cultivar Pinot Noir and the PIWIs Cabernet Cortis (Rpv3.3, Rpv10), Solaris (Rpv3.3, Rpv10) and Souvignier Gris (Rpv3.2). All cultivars were susceptible during the early stages of development up to flowering, and resistance levels increased as phenological development progressed. Cabernet Cortis and Solaris clusters were susceptible until fruit development (BBCH 71-73) when they became almost completely resistant. No differences between Souvignier Gris and Pinot Noir were detected until berries were pea-sized (BBCH 75) when P. viticola resistance of Souvignier Gris clusters increased significantly. Ontogenetic resistance in Pinot Noir was detected at berry touch (BBCH 77-79) and clusters of this cultivar were almost completely resistant at the beginning of ripening (BBCH 81-83). These results indicate that the approach presented is suitable for determining the resistance of grape cultivars at different stages of development. Consequently, in the future, fungicide applications can be adjusted more precisely to the resistance level of a grape cultivar during the growing season.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Schumacher
- Department of Biology, State Institute of Viticulture and Oenology, Merzhauser Str. 119, 79100, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Caroline Mertes
- Department of Biology, State Institute of Viticulture and Oenology, Merzhauser Str. 119, 79100, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Thomas Kaltenbach
- Department of Biology, State Institute of Viticulture and Oenology, Merzhauser Str. 119, 79100, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Gottfried Bleyer
- Department of Biology, State Institute of Viticulture and Oenology, Merzhauser Str. 119, 79100, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - René Fuchs
- Department of Biology, State Institute of Viticulture and Oenology, Merzhauser Str. 119, 79100, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
|
8
|
Guzmán-Ardiles RE, Pegoraro C, da Maia LC, Costa de Oliveira A. Genetic changes in the genus Vitis and the domestication of vine. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 13:1019311. [PMID: 36926258 PMCID: PMC10011507 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1019311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The genus Vitis belongs to the Vitaceae family and is divided into two subgenera: Muscadinia and Vitis, the main difference between these subgenera being the number of chromosomes. There are many hypotheses about the origin of the genus, which have been formed with archaeological studies and lately with molecular analyses. Even though there is no consensus on the place of origin, these studies have shown that grapes have been used by man since ancient times, starting later on its domestication. Most studies point to the Near East and Greece as the beginning of domestication, current research suggests it took place in parallel in different sites, but in all cases Vitis vinifera (L.) subsp. sylvestris [Vitis vinifera (L.) subsp. sylvestris (Gmelin) Hagi] seems to be the species chosen by our ancestors to give rise to the now known Vitis vinifera (L.) subsp. vinifera [=sativa (Hegi)= caucasica (Vavilov)]. Its evolution and expansion into other territories followed the formation of new empires and their expansion, and this is where the historical importance of this crop lies. In this process, plants with hermaphrodite flowers were preferentially selected, with firmer, sweeter, larger fruits of different colors, thus favoring the selection of genes associated with these traits, also resulting in a change in seed morphology. Currently, genetic improvement programs have made use of wild species for the introgression of disease resistance genes and tolerance to diverse soil and climate environments. In addition, the mapping of genes of interest, both linked to agronomic and fruit quality traits, has allowed the use of molecular markers for assisted selection. Information on the domestication process and genetic resources help to understand the gene pool available for the development of cultivars that respond to producer and consumer requirements.
Collapse
|
|
9
|
Warinner C. An Archaeology of Microbes. JOURNAL OF ANTHROPOLOGICAL RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.1086/721976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christina Warinner
- Department of Anthropology, Harvard University, Cambridge MA, USA 02138, and Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany 04103
| |
Collapse
|
|
10
|
Mengers HG, Zimmermann M, Blank LM. Using off-gas for insights through online monitoring of ethanol and baker's yeast volatilome using SESI-Orbitrap MS. Sci Rep 2022; 12:12462. [PMID: 35864195 PMCID: PMC9304407 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-16554-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Volatile organic compounds play an essential role in every domain of life, with diverse functions. In this study, we use novel secondary electrospray ionisation high-resolution Orbitrap mass spectrometry (SESI-Orbitrap MS) to monitor the complete yeast volatilome every 2.3 s. Over 200 metabolites were identified during growth in shake flasks and bioreactor cultivations, all with their unique intensity profile. Special attention was paid to ethanol as biotech largest product and to acetaldehyde as an example of a low-abundance but highly-volatile metabolite. While HPLC and Orbitrap measurements show a high agreement for ethanol, acetaldehyde could be measured five hours earlier in the SESI-Orbitrap MS. Volatilome shifts are visible, e.g. after glucose depletion, fatty acids are converted to ethyl esters in a detoxification mechanism after stopped fatty acid biosynthesis. This work showcases the SESI-Orbitrap MS system for tracking microbial physiology without the need for sampling and for time-resolved discoveries during metabolic transitions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hendrik G Mengers
- Institute of Applied Microbiology - iAMB, Aachener Biology and Biotechnology - ABBt, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Martin Zimmermann
- Institute of Applied Microbiology - iAMB, Aachener Biology and Biotechnology - ABBt, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Lars M Blank
- Institute of Applied Microbiology - iAMB, Aachener Biology and Biotechnology - ABBt, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
|
11
|
Amir A, Finkelstein I, Shalev Y, Uziel J, Chalaf O, Freud L, Neumann R, Gadot Y. Residue analysis evidence for wine enriched with vanilla consumed in Jerusalem on the eve of the Babylonian destruction in 586 BCE. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0266085. [PMID: 35349581 PMCID: PMC8963535 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0266085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The article presents results of residue analysis, based on Gas Chromatograph Mass Spectrometer (GC-MS) measurements, conducted on 13 ceramic storage jars unearthed in the Babylonian destruction layer (586 BCE) in Jerusalem. Five of the jars bear rosette stamp impressions on their handles, indicating that their content was related to the kingdom of Judah's royal economy. The identification of the original contents remains is significant for the understanding of many aspects related to the nutrition, economy and international trade in the ancient Levant. The study shed light on the contents of the jars and the destruction process of the buildings in which they were found. The jars were used alternatively for storing wine and olive oil. The wine was flavored with vanilla. These results attest to the wine consumption habits of the Judahite elite and echo Jerusalem's involvement in the trans-regional South Arabian trade of spices and other lucrative commodities on the eve of its destruction by Nebuchadnezzar.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ayala Amir
- The Sonia and Marco Nadler Institute of Archaeology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv-Yafo, Israel
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Israel Finkelstein
- The Sonia and Marco Nadler Institute of Archaeology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv-Yafo, Israel
- School of Archaeology and Maritime Cultures, The University of Haifa, Mount Carmel, Haifa, Israel
| | | | - Joe Uziel
- Israel Antiquities Authority, Jerusalem, Israel
| | | | - Liora Freud
- Israel Antiquities Authority, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ronny Neumann
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Yuval Gadot
- The Sonia and Marco Nadler Institute of Archaeology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv-Yafo, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
|
12
|
Padilla-González GF, Grosskopf E, Sadgrove NJ, Simmonds MSJ. Chemical Diversity of Flavan-3-Ols in Grape Seeds: Modulating Factors and Quality Requirements. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:plants11060809. [PMID: 35336690 PMCID: PMC8953305 DOI: 10.3390/plants11060809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Grape seeds are a rich source of flavan-3-ol monomers, oligomers, and polymers. The diverse profile of compounds includes mainly B-type procyanidins (especially C4→C8 linked molecules) and the key monomers, catechin, and epicatechin that are positively implicated in the 'French Paradox'. Today grape seed nutraceuticals have become a multi-million-dollar industry. This has created incentives to elucidate the variations in chemistry across cultivars, to identify signs of adulteration, and to understand the intrinsic and extrinsic factors controlling the expression of metabolites in the seeds' metabolome. This review provides a critical overview of the existing literature on grape seed chemistry. Although the biosynthetic pathways for polymeric procyanidins in seeds have not yet been explained, abiotic factors have been shown to modulate associated genes. Research of extrinsic factors has demonstrated that the control of procyanidin expression is strongly influenced, in order of importance, by genotype (species first, then variety) and environment, as claimed anecdotally. Unfortunately, research outcomes on the effects of abiotic factors have low certainty, because effects can be specific to genotype or variety, and there is limited control over physical metrics in the field. Thus, to gain a fuller understanding of the effects of abiotic factors and biosynthetic pathways, and realise potential for optimisation, a more fundamental research approach is needed. Nevertheless, the current synthesis offers insight into the selection of species or varieties according to the profile of polyphenols, as well as for optimisation of horticultural practices, with a view to produce products that contain the compounds that support health claims.
Collapse
|
|
13
|
Filopoulou A, Vlachou S, Boyatzis SC. Fatty Acids and Their Metal Salts: A Review of Their Infrared Spectra in Light of Their Presence in Cultural Heritage. Molecules 2021; 26:6005. [PMID: 34641549 PMCID: PMC8512802 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26196005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In a cultural heritage context, fatty acids are usually found as breakdown products of lipid-containing organic remains in archaeological findings, binders in aged oil paintings, and additives in modern art-related materials. They may further interact with the ionic environment transforming into metal soaps, a process that has been recognized as a threat in aged paintings but has received less attention in archaeological objects. The investigation of the above related categories of materials with infrared spectroscopy can provide an overall picture of the organic components' identity and demonstrate their condition and prehistory. The capability of investigating and distinguishing fatty acids and their metal soaps through their rich infrared features, such as the acidic carbonyl, the carboxylate shifts, the variable splits of alkyl chain stretching, bending, twisting, wagging, and rocking vibrations, as well as the hydroxyl peak envelopes and acid dimer bands, allows for their direct detailed characterization. This paper reviews the infrared spectra of selected saturated fatty monoacids and diacids, and their corresponding sodium, calcium, and zinc salts and, supported by newly recorded data, highlights the significance of their spectroscopic features.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Stamatis C. Boyatzis
- Department of Conservation of Antiquities and Works of Art, University of West Attica, 12243 Egaleo, Greece; (A.F.); (S.V.)
| |
Collapse
|
|
14
|
Craig OE. Prehistoric Fermentation, Delayed-Return Economies, and the Adoption of Pottery Technology. CURRENT ANTHROPOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1086/716610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
|
|
15
|
Gonzalez R, Morales P. Truth in wine yeast. Microb Biotechnol 2021; 15:1339-1356. [PMID: 34173338 PMCID: PMC9049622 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.13848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Evolutionary history and early association with anthropogenic environments have made Saccharomyces cerevisiae the quintessential wine yeast. This species typically dominates any spontaneous wine fermentation and, until recently, virtually all commercially available wine starters belonged to this species. The Crabtree effect, and the ability to grow under fully anaerobic conditions, contribute decisively to their dominance in this environment. But not all strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae are equally suitable as starter cultures. In this article, we review the physiological and genetic characteristics of S. cerevisiae wine strains, as well as the biotic and abiotic factors that have shaped them through evolution. Limited genetic diversity of this group of yeasts could be a constraint to solving the new challenges of oenology. However, research in this field has for many years been providing tools to increase this diversity, from genetic engineering and classical genetic tools to the inclusion of other yeast species in the catalogues of wine yeasts. On occasion, these less conventional species may contribute to the generation of interspecific hybrids with S. cerevisiae. Thus, our knowledge about wine strains of S. cerevisiae and other wine yeasts is constantly expanding. Over the last decades, wine yeast research has been a pillar for the modernisation of oenology, and we can be confident that yeast biotechnology will keep contributing to solving any challenges, such as climate change, that we may face in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ramon Gonzalez
- Instituto de Ciencias de la Vid y del Vino (CSIC, Gobierno de la Rioja, Universidad de La Rioja), Finca La Grajera, Carretera de Burgos, km 6, Logroño, La Rioja, 26071, Spain
| | - Pilar Morales
- Instituto de Ciencias de la Vid y del Vino (CSIC, Gobierno de la Rioja, Universidad de La Rioja), Finca La Grajera, Carretera de Burgos, km 6, Logroño, La Rioja, 26071, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
|
16
|
Zinelabidine LH, Torres-Pérez R, Grimplet J, Baroja E, Ibáñez S, Carbonell-Bejerano P, Martínez-Zapater JM, Ibáñez J, Tello J. Genetic variation and association analyses identify genes linked to fruit set-related traits in grapevine. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 306:110875. [PMID: 33775372 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2021.110875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Grapevine is one of the most valuable fruit crops in the world. Adverse environmental conditions reduce fruit quality and crop yield, so understanding the genetic and molecular mechanisms determining crop yield components is essential to optimize grape production. The analysis of a diverse collection of grapevine cultivars allowed us to evaluate the relationship between fruit set-related components of yield, including the incidence of reproductive disorders such as coulure and millerandage. The collection displayed a great phenotypic variation that we surveyed in a genetics association study using 15,309 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) detected in the sequence of 289 candidate genes scattered across the 19 grapevine linkage groups. After correcting statistical models for population structure and linkage disequilibrium effects, 164 SNPs from 34 of these genes were found to associate with fruit set-related traits, supporting a complex polygenic determinism. Many of them were found in the sequence of different putative MADS-box transcription factors, a gene family related with plant reproductive development control. In addition, we observed an additive effect of some of the associated SNPs on the phenotype, suggesting that advantageous alleles from different loci could be pyramided to generate superior cultivars with optimized fruit production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lalla Hasna Zinelabidine
- Instituto de Ciencias de la Vid y del Vino (CSIC, UR, Gobierno de La Rioja), Logroño, 26007, Spain; Laboratory of Biotechnology and Valorisation of Plant Genetic Resources, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, University of Sultan Moulay Slimane, Beni Mellal, 23000, Morocco
| | - Rafael Torres-Pérez
- Instituto de Ciencias de la Vid y del Vino (CSIC, UR, Gobierno de La Rioja), Logroño, 26007, Spain; Servicio de Bioinformática para Genómica y Proteómica (BioinfoGP), Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB-CSIC), Madrid, 28049, Spain
| | - Jérôme Grimplet
- Instituto de Ciencias de la Vid y del Vino (CSIC, UR, Gobierno de La Rioja), Logroño, 26007, Spain; Unidad de Hortofruticultura, Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Agroalimentaria de Aragón (CITA), Zaragoza, 50059, Spain; Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón-IA2 (CITA-Universidad de Zaragoza), Zaragoza, 50059, Spain
| | - Elisa Baroja
- Instituto de Ciencias de la Vid y del Vino (CSIC, UR, Gobierno de La Rioja), Logroño, 26007, Spain
| | - Sergio Ibáñez
- Instituto de Ciencias de la Vid y del Vino (CSIC, UR, Gobierno de La Rioja), Logroño, 26007, Spain
| | - Pablo Carbonell-Bejerano
- Instituto de Ciencias de la Vid y del Vino (CSIC, UR, Gobierno de La Rioja), Logroño, 26007, Spain; Department of Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Developmental Biology, 72076, Tuebingen, Germany
| | | | - Javier Ibáñez
- Instituto de Ciencias de la Vid y del Vino (CSIC, UR, Gobierno de La Rioja), Logroño, 26007, Spain
| | - Javier Tello
- Instituto de Ciencias de la Vid y del Vino (CSIC, UR, Gobierno de La Rioja), Logroño, 26007, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
|
17
|
Burbidge CA, Ford CM, Melino VJ, Wong DCJ, Jia Y, Jenkins CLD, Soole KL, Castellarin SD, Darriet P, Rienth M, Bonghi C, Walker RP, Famiani F, Sweetman C. Biosynthesis and Cellular Functions of Tartaric Acid in Grapevines. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:643024. [PMID: 33747023 PMCID: PMC7970118 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.643024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Tartaric acid (TA) is an obscure end point to the catabolism of ascorbic acid (Asc). Here, it is proposed as a "specialized primary metabolite", originating from carbohydrate metabolism but with restricted distribution within the plant kingdom and lack of known function in primary metabolic pathways. Grapes fall into the list of high TA-accumulators, with biosynthesis occurring in both leaf and berry. Very little is known of the TA biosynthetic pathway enzymes in any plant species, although recently some progress has been made in this space. New technologies in grapevine research such as the development of global co-expression network analysis tools and genome-wide association studies, should enable more rapid progress. There is also a lack of information regarding roles for this organic acid in plant metabolism. Therefore this review aims to briefly summarize current knowledge about the key intermediates and enzymes of TA biosynthesis in grapes and the regulation of its precursor, ascorbate, followed by speculative discussion around the potential roles of TA based on current knowledge of Asc metabolism, TA biosynthetic enzymes and other aspects of fruit metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Darren Chern Jan Wong
- Division of Ecology and Evolution, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Acton, ACT, Australia
| | - Yong Jia
- Western Barley Genetic Alliance, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | | | - Kathleen Lydia Soole
- College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA, Australia
| | - Simone Diego Castellarin
- Wine Research Centre, Faculty of Land and Food Systems, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Philippe Darriet
- Université Bordeaux, Unité de recherche OEnologie, EA 4577, USC 1366 INRAE, Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin, Villenave d’Ornon, France
| | - Markus Rienth
- University of Sciences and Art Western Switzerland, Changins College for Viticulture and Oenology, Nyon, Switzerland
| | - Claudio Bonghi
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment, University of Padova, Legnaro, Italy
| | - Robert Peter Walker
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Ambientali, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Franco Famiani
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Ambientali, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Crystal Sweetman
- College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
|
18
|
Mercati F, De Lorenzis G, Mauceri A, Zerbo M, Brancadoro L, D'Onofrio C, Morcia C, Barbagallo MG, Bignami C, Gardiman M, de Palma L, Ruffa P, Novello V, Crespan M, Sunseri F. Integrated Bayesian Approaches Shed Light on the Dissemination Routes of the Eurasian Grapevine Germplasm. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:692661. [PMID: 34434204 PMCID: PMC8381769 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.692661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The domestication and spreading of grapevine as well as the gene flow history had been described in many studies. We used a high-quality 7k SNP dataset of 1,038 Eurasian grape varieties with unique profiles to assess the population genetic diversity, structure, and relatedness, and to infer the most likely migration events. Comparisons of putative scenarios of gene flow throughout Europe from Caucasus helped to fit the more reliable migration routes around the Mediterranean Basin. Approximate Bayesian computation (ABC) approach made possible to provide a response to several questions so far remaining unsolved. Firstly, the assessment of genetic diversity and population structure within a well-covered dataset of ancient Italian varieties suggested the different histories between the Northern and Southern Italian grapevines. Moreover, Italian genotypes were shown to be distinguishable from all the other Eurasian populations for the first time. The entire Eurasian panel confirmed the east-to-west gene flow, highlighting the Greek role as a "bridge" between the Western and Eastern Eurasia. Portuguese germplasm showed a greater proximity to French varieties than the Spanish ones, thus being the main route for gene flow from Iberian Peninsula to Central Europe. Our findings reconciled genetic and archaeological data for one of the most cultivated and fascinating crops in the world.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Mercati
- Istituto Bioscienze e Biorisorse, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Palermo, Italy
- *Correspondence: Francesco Mercati
| | - Gabriella De Lorenzis
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie ed Ambientali, Università degli Studi di Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Antonio Mauceri
- Dipartimento Agraria, Università Mediterranea degli Studi di Reggio Calabria, Reggio Calabria, Italy
| | - Marcello Zerbo
- Istituto Bioscienze e Biorisorse, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Palermo, Italy
| | - Lucio Brancadoro
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie ed Ambientali, Università degli Studi di Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Claudio D'Onofrio
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Agro-ambientali, Università degli Studi di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Caterina Morcia
- CREA - Centro di Ricerca per la Genomica e la Bioinformatica, Fiorenzuola d'Arda, Italy
| | | | - Cristina Bignami
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Centro Biogest-Siteia, Università degli Studi di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Massimo Gardiman
- CREA - Centro di Ricerca per la Viticoltura ed Enologia, Conegliano, Italy
| | - Laura de Palma
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimenti, Risorse Naturali e Ingegneria, Università degli Studi di Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Paola Ruffa
- Istituto per la Protezione Sostenibile delle Piante, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Torino, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Forestali e Alimentari, Università degli Studi di Torino, Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Vittorino Novello
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Forestali e Alimentari, Università degli Studi di Torino, Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Manna Crespan
- CREA - Centro di Ricerca per la Viticoltura ed Enologia, Conegliano, Italy
- Manna Crespan
| | - Francesco Sunseri
- Dipartimento Agraria, Università Mediterranea degli Studi di Reggio Calabria, Reggio Calabria, Italy
- Francesco Sunseri
| |
Collapse
|
|
19
|
Lengeler KB, Stovicek V, Fennessy RT, Katz M, Förster J. Never Change a Brewing Yeast? Why Not, There Are Plenty to Choose From. Front Genet 2020; 11:582789. [PMID: 33240329 PMCID: PMC7677575 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.582789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Fermented foods and particularly beer have accompanied the development of human civilization for thousands of years. Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the dominant yeast in the production of alcoholic beverages, probably co-evolved with human activity. Considering that alcoholic fermentations emerged worldwide, the number of strains used in beer production nowadays is surprisingly low. Thus, the genetic diversity is often limited. This is among others related to the switch from a household brewing style to a more artisan brewing regime during the sixteenth century and latterly the development of single yeast isolation techniques at the Carlsberg Research Laboratory in 1883, resulting in process optimizations in the brewing industry. However, due to fierce competition within the beer market and the increasing demand for novel beer styles, diversification is becoming increasingly important. Moreover, the emergence of craft brewing has influenced big breweries to rediscover yeast as a significant contributor to a beer's aroma profile and realize that there is still room for innovation in the fermentation process. Here, we aim at giving a brief overview on how currently used S. cerevisiae brewing yeasts emerged and comment on the rationale behind replacing them with novel strains. We will present potential sources of yeasts that have not only been used in beer brewing before, including natural sources and sources linked to human activity but also an overlooked source, such as yeast culture collections. We will briefly comment on common yeast isolation techniques and finally touch on additional challenges for the brewing industry in replacing their current brewer's yeasts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Jochen Förster
- Carlsberg Research Laboratory, Carlsberg A/S, Copenhagen, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
|
20
|
Nesměrák K, Kudláček K, Čambal P, Štícha M, Kozlík P, Červený V. Authentication of senna extract from the eighteenth century and study of its composition by HPLC–MS. MONATSHEFTE FUR CHEMIE 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s00706-020-02630-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
|
|
21
|
Bleyer G, Lösch F, Schumacher S, Fuchs R. Together for the Better: Improvement of a Model Based Strategy for Grapevine Downy Mildew Control by Addition of Potassium Phosphonates. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 9:E710. [PMID: 32498364 PMCID: PMC7355483 DOI: 10.3390/plants9060710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Grapevine downy mildew is one of the major diseases in viticulture. To control this disease, a more effective strategy has been developed and established based on growth and model data as well as on a combination of fungicides. For this purpose, the systemic plant protection product potassium phosphonate (PP) was combined with two contact fungicides. Treatments were carried out according to the different experimental conditions after the growth of 400 cm2, 600 cm2, and 800 cm2 leaf area per primary shoot. PP increased the effectiveness of the preventive fungicides whenever high infection pressure was the case. The experiments also show that it is possible to extend the treatment intervals from 400 cm2 to 600 cm2 new leaf area when PP was added. However, none of the tested treatments were sufficient for the extension to intervals of 800 cm2. These data show that PP can be a key factor in the reduction of the application of synthetic or copper-based fungicides.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gottfried Bleyer
- Department of Biology, State Institute of Viticulture and Enology, Merzhauser Str. 119, 79100 Freiburg, Germany; (F.L.); (S.S.); (R.F.)
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
|
22
|
Parapouli M, Vasileiadis A, Afendra AS, Hatziloukas E. Saccharomyces cerevisiae and its industrial applications. AIMS Microbiol 2020; 6:1-31. [PMID: 32226912 PMCID: PMC7099199 DOI: 10.3934/microbiol.2020001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 205] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 01/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Saccharomyces cerevisiae is the best studied eukaryote and a valuable tool for most aspects of basic research on eukaryotic organisms. This is due to its unicellular nature, which often simplifies matters, offering the combination of the facts that nearly all biological functions found in eukaryotes are also present and well conserved in S. cerevisiae. In addition, it is also easily amenable to genetic manipulation. Moreover, unlike other model organisms, S. cerevisiae is concomitantly of great importance for various biotechnological applications, some of which date back to several thousands of years. S. cerevisiae's biotechnological usefulness resides in its unique biological characteristics, i.e., its fermentation capacity, accompanied by the production of alcohol and CO2 and its resilience to adverse conditions of osmolarity and low pH. Among the most prominent applications involving the use of S. cerevisiae are the ones in food, beverage -especially wine- and biofuel production industries. This review focuses exactly on the function of S. cerevisiae in these applications, alone or in conjunction with other useful microorganisms involved in these processes. Furthermore, various aspects of the potential of the reservoir of wild, environmental, S. cerevisiae isolates are examined under the perspective of their use for such applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Parapouli
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Biological applications and Technology, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Anastasios Vasileiadis
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Biological applications and Technology, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Amalia-Sofia Afendra
- Genetics Laboratory, Department of Biological Applications and Technology, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Efstathios Hatziloukas
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Biological applications and Technology, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
|
23
|
Tamang JP, Cotter PD, Endo A, Han NS, Kort R, Liu SQ, Mayo B, Westerik N, Hutkins R. Fermented foods in a global age: East meets West. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2020; 19:184-217. [PMID: 33319517 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 235] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2019] [Revised: 11/17/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Fermented foods and alcoholic beverages have long been an important part of the human diet in nearly every culture on every continent. These foods are often well-preserved and serve as stable and significant sources of proteins, vitamins, minerals, and other nutrients. Despite these common features, however, many differences exist with respect to substrates and products and the types of microbes involved in the manufacture of fermented foods and beverages produced globally. In this review, we describe these differences and consider the influence of geography and industrialization on fermented foods manufacture. Whereas fermented foods produced in Europe, North America, Australia, and New Zealand usually depend on defined starter cultures, those made in Asia and Africa often rely on spontaneous fermentation. Likewise, in developing countries, fermented foods are not often commercially produced on an industrial scale. Although many fermented products rely on autochthonous microbes present in the raw material, for other products, the introduction of starter culture technology has led to greater consistency, safety, and quality. The diversity and function of microbes present in a wide range of fermented foods can now be examined in detail using molecular and other omic approaches. The nutritional value of fermented foods is now well-appreciated, especially in resource-poor regions where yoghurt and other fermented foods can improve public health and provide opportunities for economic development. Manufacturers of fermented foods, whether small or large, should follow Good Manufacturing Practices and have sustainable development goals. Ultimately, preferences for fermented foods and beverages depend on dietary habits of consumers, as well as regional agricultural conditions and availability of resources.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jyoti Prakash Tamang
- DAICENTER and Bioinformatics Centre, Department of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Sikkim University, Gangtok, Sikkim, India
| | - Paul D Cotter
- Food Biosciences, Principal Research Officer, Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy and APC Microbiome Ireland, Cork, Ireland
| | - Akihito Endo
- Department of Food, Aroma and Cosmetic Chemistry, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nam Soo Han
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Remco Kort
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, VU University Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Yoba for Life foundation, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Shao Quan Liu
- Food Science and Technology Programme, National University of Singapore
| | - Baltasar Mayo
- Department of Microbiology and Chemistry of Dairy Products, Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias (IPLA-CSIC), Villaviciosa, Asturias, Spain
| | - Nieke Westerik
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, VU University Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Yoba for Life foundation, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Robert Hutkins
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska
| |
Collapse
|
|
24
|
Bibi AC, Gonias ED, Doulis AG. Genetic Diversity and Structure Analysis Assessed by SSR Markers in a Large Collection of Vitis Cultivars from the Island of Crete, Greece. Biochem Genet 2019; 58:294-321. [PMID: 31776755 DOI: 10.1007/s10528-019-09943-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The grape (Vitis vinifera L.) cultivars in the island of Crete, Greece represent one of the oldest populations of the species; nevertheless, very scarce information is available about its genetic structure. In this study, Vitis cultivars collected from the island of Crete were characterized using microsatellite markers. A broad germplasm collection representing 44 inferred Vitis cultivars, a total of 163 accessions, from the area of Crete including 37 wine and 7 table cultivars were fingerprinted employing thirteen (13) standardized simple sequence repeat (SSR, microsatellite) loci. SSR allelic analysis and a similarity dendrogram construction (cluster analysis) was followed by a hierarchical STRUCTURE analysis. The mean observed (Ho) and expected heterozygosity (He) were 0.7372 and 0.7686, respectively. The cumulative probability of identity was very low with a value of 3.18 × 10e-15. According to the cluster analysis, twenty-nine of the 44 Vitis cultivars were presented in single clusters and five cultivars were presented as distinct single accessions. In addition, ten (10) cases of synonyms and ten (10) groups of homonyms were also identified. STRUCTURE analysis provided evidence for three genetic groups (putative ancestry groups). Hierarchical STRUCTURE analysis revealed further stratification within each of the three ancestry groups. This work provides the molecular fingerprinting of 44 Vitis cultivars and an initial proposal in their ancestry. In the future, molecular genetic information along with morphological (ampelographic) data will provide an intergraded characterization of existing diversity and will allow for its use in breeding efforts and in commercial viticulture.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Androniki C Bibi
- Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology, Hellenic Agricultural Organization DEMETER (Ex. NAGREF), Institute of Olive Tree, Sub-Tropical Crops and Viticulture, P.O. Box 2228, 71003, Heraklion, GR, Greece.
| | - Evangelos D Gonias
- Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology, Hellenic Agricultural Organization DEMETER (Ex. NAGREF), Institute of Olive Tree, Sub-Tropical Crops and Viticulture, P.O. Box 2228, 71003, Heraklion, GR, Greece
| | - Andreas G Doulis
- Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology, Hellenic Agricultural Organization DEMETER (Ex. NAGREF), Institute of Olive Tree, Sub-Tropical Crops and Viticulture, P.O. Box 2228, 71003, Heraklion, GR, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
|
25
|
Gonzalez Viejo C, Torrico DD, Dunshea FR, Fuentes S. Bubbles, Foam Formation, Stability and Consumer Perception of Carbonated Drinks: A Review of Current, New and Emerging Technologies for Rapid Assessment and Control. Foods 2019; 8:foods8120596. [PMID: 31756920 PMCID: PMC6963625 DOI: 10.3390/foods8120596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2019] [Revised: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Quality control, mainly focused on the assessment of bubble and foam-related parameters, is critical in carbonated beverages, due to their relationship with the chemical components as well as their influence on sensory characteristics such as aroma release, mouthfeel, and perception of tastes and aromas. Consumer assessment and acceptability of carbonated beverages are mainly based on carbonation, foam, and bubbles, as a flat carbonated beverage is usually perceived as low quality. This review focuses on three beverages: beer, sparkling water, and sparkling wine. It explains the characteristics of foam and bubble formation, and the traditional methods, as well as emerging technologies based on robotics and computer vision, to assess bubble and foam-related parameters. Furthermore, it explores the most common methods and the use of advanced techniques using an artificial intelligence approach to assess sensory descriptors both for descriptive analysis and consumers' acceptability. Emerging technologies, based on the combination of robotics, computer vision, and machine learning as an approach to artificial intelligence, have been developed and applied for the assessment of beer and, to a lesser extent, sparkling wine. This, has the objective of assessing the final products quality using more reliable, accurate, affordable, and less time-consuming methods. However, despite carbonated water being an important product, due to its increasing consumption, more research needs to focus on exploring more efficient, repeatable, and accurate methods to assess carbonation and bubble size, distribution and dynamics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Gonzalez Viejo
- School of Agriculture and Food, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia; (D.D.T.); (F.R.D.); (S.F.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-4245-04434
| | - Damir D. Torrico
- School of Agriculture and Food, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia; (D.D.T.); (F.R.D.); (S.F.)
- Department of Wine, Food and Molecular Biosciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Lincoln University, Lincoln 7647, New Zealand
| | - Frank R. Dunshea
- School of Agriculture and Food, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia; (D.D.T.); (F.R.D.); (S.F.)
| | - Sigfredo Fuentes
- School of Agriculture and Food, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia; (D.D.T.); (F.R.D.); (S.F.)
| |
Collapse
|
|
26
|
Mediterranean diet: The role of long-chain ω-3 fatty acids in fish; polyphenols in fruits, vegetables, cereals, coffee, tea, cacao and wine; probiotics and vitamins in prevention of stroke, age-related cognitive decline, and Alzheimer disease. Rev Neurol (Paris) 2019; 175:724-741. [PMID: 31521398 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurol.2019.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 221] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The mechanisms of action of the dietary components of the Mediterranean diet are reviewed in prevention of cardiovascular disease, stroke, age-associated cognitive decline and Alzheimer disease. A companion article provides a comprehensive review of extra-virgin olive oil. The benefits of consumption of long-chain ω-3 fatty acids are described. Fresh fish provides eicosapentaenoic acid while α-linolenic acid is found in canola and soybean oils, purslane and nuts. These ω-3 fatty acids interact metabolically with ω-6 fatty acids mainly linoleic acid from corn oil, sunflower oil and peanut oil. Diets rich in ω-6 fatty acids inhibit the formation of healthier ω-3 fatty acids. The deleterious effects on lipid metabolism of excessive intake of carbohydrates, in particular high-fructose corn syrup and artificial sweeteners, are explained. The critical role of the ω-3 fatty acid docosahexaenoic acid in the developing and aging brain and in Alzheimer disease is addressed. Nutritional epidemiology studies, prospective population-based surveys, and clinical trials confirm the salutary effects of fish consumption on prevention of coronary artery disease, stroke and dementia. Recent recommendations on fish consumption by pregnant women and potential mercury toxicity are reviewed. The polyphenols and flavonoids of plant origin play a critical role in the Mediterranean diet, because of their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of benefit in type-2 diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, stroke and cancer prevention. Polyphenols from fruits and vegetables modulate tau hyperphosphorylation and beta amyloid aggregation in animal models of Alzheimer disease. From the public health viewpoint worldwide the daily consumption of fruits and vegetables has become the main tool for prevention of cardiovascular disease and stroke. We review the important dietary role of cereal grains in prevention of coronary disease and stroke. Polyphenols from grapes, wine and alcoholic beverages are discussed, in particular their effects on coagulation. The mechanisms of action of probiotics and vitamins are also included.
Collapse
|
|
27
|
Nguyen VC, Villate L, Gutierrez-Gutierrez C, Castillo P, Van Ghelder C, Plantard O, Esmenjaud D. Phylogeography of the soil-borne vector nematode Xiphinema index highly suggests Eastern origin and dissemination with domesticated grapevine. Sci Rep 2019; 9:7313. [PMID: 31086246 PMCID: PMC6513855 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-43812-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The soil-borne nematode Xiphinema index is closely linked to its main host, the grapevine, and presents a major threat to vineyards worldwide due to its ability to transmit Grapevine fanleaf virus (GFLV). The phylogeography of X. index has been studied using mitochondrial and microsatellite markers in samples from most regions of its worldwide distribution to reveal its genetic diversity. We first used the mitochondrial marker CytB and illustrated the low intraspecific divergence of this mainly meiotic parthenogenetic species. To generate a higher polymorphism level, we then concatenated the sequences of CytB and three mitochondrial markers, ATP6, CO1 and ND4, to obtain a 3044-bp fragment. We differentiated two clades, which each contained two well-supported subclades. Samples from the eastern Mediterranean and the Near and Middle East were grouped into three of these subclades, whereas the samples from the western Mediterranean, Europe and the Americas all belonged to the fourth subclade. The highest polymorphism level was found in the samples of one of the Middle and Near East subclades, strongly suggesting that this region contained the native area of the nematode. An east-to-west nematode dissemination hypothesis appeared to match the routes of the domesticated grapevine during Antiquity, presumably mainly dispersed by the Greeks and the Romans. Surprisingly, the samples of the western subclade comprised only two highly similar mitochondrial haplotypes. The first haplotype, from southern Iberian Peninsula, Bordeaux and Provence vineyards, exhibited a high microsatellite polymorphism level that suggests introductions dating from Antiquity. The second haplotype contained a highly predominant microsatellite genotype widespread in distant western countries that may be a consequence of the massive grapevine replanting following the 19th-century phylloxera crisis. Finally, our study enabled us to draw a first scaffold of X. index diversity at the global scale.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Van Chung Nguyen
- INRA, Université Nice Côte d'Azur, CNRS, ISA, Sophia Antipolis, 06903, France. .,Plant Protection Research Institute (PPRI), Hanoi, Vietnam.
| | - Laure Villate
- UMR1202 BIOGECO, INRA, University of Bordeaux, Pessac, 33615, France
| | - Carlos Gutierrez-Gutierrez
- NemaLab/ICAAM, Instituto de Ciencias Agrarias e Ambientais Mediterranicas & Dept. de Biologia, Universidade de Evora, Evora, 7002-554, Portugal
| | - Pablo Castillo
- Institute for Sustainable Agriculture (IAS), CSIC, Cordoba, 14004, Spain
| | - Cyril Van Ghelder
- INRA, Université Nice Côte d'Azur, CNRS, ISA, Sophia Antipolis, 06903, France
| | | | - Daniel Esmenjaud
- INRA, Université Nice Côte d'Azur, CNRS, ISA, Sophia Antipolis, 06903, France.
| |
Collapse
|
|
28
|
Nascimento R, Maia M, Ferreira AEN, Silva AB, Freire AP, Cordeiro C, Silva MS, Figueiredo A. Early stage metabolic events associated with the establishment of Vitis vinifera - Plasmopara viticola compatible interaction. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2019; 137:1-13. [PMID: 30710794 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2019.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Revised: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) is the most widely cultivated and economically important fruit crop in the world, with 7.5 million of production area in 2017. The domesticated varieties of grapevine are highly susceptible to many fungal infections, of which downy mildew, caused by the biotrophic oomycete Plasmopara viticola (Berk. et Curt.) Berl. et de Toni is one of the most threatening. In V. vinifera, several studies have shown that a weak and transient activation of a defense mechanism occurs, but it is easily overcome by the pathogen leading to the establishment of a compatible interaction. Major transcript, protein and physiologic changes were shown to occur at later infection time-points, but comprehensive data on the first hours of interaction is scarce. In the present work, we investigated the major physiologic and metabolic changes that occur in the first 24 h of interaction between V. vinifera cultivar Trincadeira and P. viticola. Our results show that there was a negative modulation of several metabolic classes associated to pathogen defense such as flavonoids or phenylpropanoids as well as an alteration of carbohydrate content after inoculation with the pathogen. We also found an accumulation of hydrogen peroxide and increase of lipid peroxidation but to a low extent, that seems to be insufficient to restrain pathogen growth during the initial biotrophic phase of the interaction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rui Nascimento
- Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute (BioISI), Science Faculty of Lisbon University, 1749-016, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Marisa Maia
- Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute (BioISI), Science Faculty of Lisbon University, 1749-016, Lisboa, Portugal; Laboratório de FTICR e Espectrometria de Massa Estrutural, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal; Centro de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal
| | - António E N Ferreira
- Laboratório de FTICR e Espectrometria de Massa Estrutural, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal; Centro de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Anabela B Silva
- Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute (BioISI), Science Faculty of Lisbon University, 1749-016, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Ana Ponces Freire
- Centro de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Carlos Cordeiro
- Laboratório de FTICR e Espectrometria de Massa Estrutural, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal; Centro de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Marta Sousa Silva
- Laboratório de FTICR e Espectrometria de Massa Estrutural, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal; Centro de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Andreia Figueiredo
- Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute (BioISI), Science Faculty of Lisbon University, 1749-016, Lisboa, Portugal.
| |
Collapse
|
|
29
|
Samorini G. The oldest archeological data evidencing the relationship of Homo sapiens with psychoactive plants: A worldwide overview. JOURNAL OF PSYCHEDELIC STUDIES 2019. [DOI: 10.1556/2054.2019.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Modern sophisticated archeometric instruments are increasingly capable of detecting the presence of psychoactive plant sources in archeological contexts, testifying the antiquity of humanity’s search for altered states of consciousness. The purpose of this article is to provide a general picture of these findings, covering the main psychoactive plant sources of the world, and identifying the most ancient dates so far evidenced by archeology. This review is based on the archeological literature identifying the presence of psychoactive plant sources, relying on original research documents. The research produced two main results: (a) a systematization of the types of archeological evidence that testify the relationship between Homo sapiens and these psychoactive sources, subdivided into direct evidence (i.e., material findings, chemical, and genetic) and indirect evidence (i.e., anthropophysical, iconographic, literary, and paraphernalia); and (b) producing a list of the earliest known dates of the relationship of H. sapiens with the main psychoactive plant sources. There appears to be a general diffusion of the use of plant drugs from at least the Neolithic period (for the Old World) and the pre-Formative period (for the Americas). These dates should not to be understood as the first use of these materials, instead they refer to the oldest dates currently determined by either direct or indirect archeological evidence. Several of these dates are likely to be modified back in time by future excavations and finds.
Collapse
|
|
30
|
Maghradze D, Aslanishvili A, Mdinaradze I, Tkemaladze D, Mekhuzla L, Lordkipanidze D, Jalabadze M, Kvavadze E, Rusishvili N, McGovern P, This P, Bacilieri R, Failla O, Cola G, Mariani L, Toffolatti S, Lorenzis GD, Bianco P, Quaglino F, Wales N, Gilbert M, Bouby L, Kazeli T, Ujmajuridze L, Mamasakhlisashili L, Batiuk S, Graham A, Boaretto E, Cheishvili A, Davitashvili AL. Progress for research of grape and wine culture in Georgia, the South Caucasus. BIO WEB OF CONFERENCES 2019. [DOI: 10.1051/bioconf/20191203003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
This communication will provide the latest information about the progress of the “Research Project for the Study of Georgian Grapes and Wine Culture”, managed by the National Wine Agency of Georgia since 2014. Local and foreign institutions continue to work together with the aim of stimulating multidisciplinary scientific research activity on Georgian viticulture and viniculture and to reconstruct their development from Neolithic civilizations to the present. The project is multidisciplinary in nature, merging contributions from archaeology, history, ethnography, molecular genetics, biomolecular archaeology, palaeobotany, ampelography, enology, climatology and other scientific fields.
Collapse
|
|
31
|
Villalobos-González L, Muñoz-Araya M, Franck N, Pastenes C. Controversies in Midday Water Potential Regulation and Stomatal Behavior Might Result From the Environment, Genotype, and/or Rootstock: Evidence From Carménère and Syrah Grapevine Varieties. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:1522. [PMID: 31850024 PMCID: PMC6900739 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Controversies exist regarding the iso/anisohydric continuum for classifying plant water-use strategies. Isohydricity has been argued to result from plant-environment interaction rather than it being an intrinsic property of the plant itself. Discrepancies remain regarding the degree of isohydricity (σ) of plants and their threshold for physiological responses and resistance to drought. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the isohydricity of the grapevine varieties Syrah and Carménère under a non-lethal water deficit progression from veraison from two different locations, the Cachapoal Valley (CV) and Maipo Valley (MV), in central Chile and with different rootstock only in Syrah. For this purpose, the midday stem water potential (Ψmds) regulation and stomatal responses to drought, leaf traits related to pressure-volume curves, stomatal sensitivity to ABA, cavitation threshold, and photosynthetic responses were assessed. A higher atmospheric water demand was observed in the CV compared to the MV, with lower Ψmds values in the former for both varieties. Also, the σ values in Carménère were 1.11 ± 0.14 MPa MPa-1 and 0.68 ± 0.18 MPa MPa-1 in the CV and MV, respectively, and in Syrah they were 1.10 ± 0.07 MPa MPa-1 in the CV and 0.60 ± 0.10 MPa MPa-1 in the MV. Even though similar variations in σ between locations in both varieties were evident, Carménère plants showed a conserved stomatal response to Ψmds in both study sites, while those of Syrah resulted in a higher stomatal sensitivity to Ψmds in the site of lower σ. Besides the differences in seasonal weather conditions, it is likely that the different rootstock and clonal variability of each season in Syrah were able to induce coordinated changes in σ, Ψgs12, and osmotic potential at full turgor (π0). On the other hand, irrespective of the σ, and given the similarity between the π0 and Ψgs12 in leaves before drought, it seems that π0 could be a convenient tool for assessing the Ψmds threshold values posing a risk to the plants in order to aid the irrigation decision making in grapevines under controlled water deficit. Finally, water deficits in vineyards might irreversibly compromise the photosynthetic capacity of leaves.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luis Villalobos-González
- Facultad de Ciencias Agronómicas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Silvoagropecuarias y Veterinarias, Campus Sur Universidad de Chile, La Pintana, Chile
- *Correspondence: Luis Villalobos-González, ; Claudio Pastenes,
| | | | | | - Claudio Pastenes
- Facultad de Ciencias Agronómicas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- *Correspondence: Luis Villalobos-González, ; Claudio Pastenes,
| |
Collapse
|
|
32
|
Ferreira V, Pinto-Carnide O, Arroyo-García R, Castro I. Berry color variation in grapevine as a source of diversity. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2018; 132:696-707. [PMID: 30146416 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2018.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Revised: 08/17/2018] [Accepted: 08/18/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Even though it is one of the oldest perennial domesticated fruit crops in the world, grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) cultivation today is the result of both conventional breeding practices (i.e. hybridizations adopted during the last century) and vegetative propagation. Human-assisted asexual propagation has allowed the maintenance of desired traits but has largely impacted the frequency of spontaneous somatic mutations observed in the field. Consequently, many grapevine fruit attributes to date have been artificially selected, including: fruit yield, compactness, size and composition, the latter being greatly diversified in the pursuit of altering berry skin coloration. The present review provides an overview of various aspects related to grapevine diversity, with a special emphasis on grape berry skin color variation and will discuss the current knowledge of how grape skin color variation is affected by the synthesis of phenolic compounds, particularly anthocyanins and their underlying genetic factors. We hope this knowledge will be useful in supporting the importance of the berry color trait diversity in cultivated grapevines, which is used as basis for selection during breeding programs because of its application for vine growers, winemakers and consumers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Ferreira
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; Centre for Plant Biotechnology and Genomics (UPM-INIA, CBGP), Campus de Montegancedo, Autovía M40 km38, 28223 Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Olinda Pinto-Carnide
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Rosa Arroyo-García
- Centre for Plant Biotechnology and Genomics (UPM-INIA, CBGP), Campus de Montegancedo, Autovía M40 km38, 28223 Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Isaura Castro
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
|
33
|
Mariani L, Cola G, Maghradze D, Failla O, Zavatti F. Influence of climate cycles on grapevine domestication and ancient migrations in Eurasia. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 635:1240-1254. [PMID: 29710578 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.04.175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2018] [Revised: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this work is to investigate the Holocenic climate cycles that may have influenced the domestication of grapevine in the Subcaucasian area and its subsequent spread in Eurasia. The analysis covered the longitudinal belt ranging from the Iberian Peninsula to Japan, seen as the preferential pathway for the Holocenic spread of grapevine and many other crops in Eurasia. Spectral analysis was considered as the criterion of investigation and the Holocenic cycles were analyzed considering different geochemical and biological proxies, of which seven are directly referred to vine. In this context the relation of the abovementioned proxies with spectral peaks of possible causal factors like Solar activity (SA), North Atlantic oceanic factors (Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation - AMO and North Atlantic Oscillation - NAO), and subtropical oceanic factors (El Nino Southern Oscillation - ENSO) was also analyzed. In order to acquire a sufficiently wide number of proxies sensitive to the causal factors, we referred to a latitudinal belt wider than the one colonized by vine, also acquiring proxy from the Scandinavian area, notoriously susceptible to North Atlantic forcings. The analysis of the proxy spectral peaks, considering 20 classes with a 50-years step in the 0-1000 years range, showed that the 50% of the classes have a higher frequency of peaks at East than West, the 20% a higher frequency at West than East and the 10% an equal frequency, showing the efficiency of the propagation of Western signals towards the center of Eurasia. The search of the causal factors spectral peaks in the proxy series showed that AMO, NAO and SA acted with a certain regularity on the entire belt investigated both latitudinally and longitudinally, while spectral peaks linked to ENSO underwent a considerable attenuation moving northward. Finally, the specific analysis on viticultural proxies showed common peaks with causal factors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Mariani
- Lombardy Museum of Agricultural History, Sant'Angelo Lodigiano, Italy
| | - Gabriele Cola
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences - Production, Landscape, Agroenergy, Università degli studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.
| | - David Maghradze
- Faculty of Agrarian Sciences and Biosystems Engineering, Georgian Technical University, Tbilisi, Georgia; National Wine Agency of Georgia, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Osvaldo Failla
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences - Production, Landscape, Agroenergy, Università degli studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Franco Zavatti
- Lombardy Museum of Agricultural History, Sant'Angelo Lodigiano, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
|
34
|
Colorimetric study of malvidin-3-O-glucoside copigmented by phenolic compounds: The effect of molar ratio, temperature, pH, and ethanol content on color expression of red wine model solutions. Food Res Int 2017; 102:468-477. [PMID: 29195974 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2017.09.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Revised: 09/07/2017] [Accepted: 09/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In the recent research, the copigmentations of malvidin-3-O-glucoside with eight types of phenolic copigments have been investigated. The influence of the pigment/copigment molar ratio, the reaction temperature, the pH and the ethanol content of solutions has been examined. The results showed that the copigmentation effect was dependent on not only the particular structures of the phenolic compounds but also the factors of the reaction systems. The increase of the copigment concentration can strengthen the copigmentation effect, improve the solution color, and enhance the red-purple features. Different temperatures had different influences on the copigmentation reactions. The destruction of the copigmentation complexes can result in the hypsochromic shift of the reaction solution when the temperature was higher than 20°C. The bathochromic shift of the solution gradually progressed with the increase of the pH value. A significant copigmentation feature was spotted when pH reached 3.0, which demonstrates obvious red-purple characterization. The addition of the ethanol weakened the copigmentation effect. According to measurement through color analysis, it was found that the color differences caused by ethanol in red wine were typically attributed to quantitative changes. Remarkably, all of the above delicate color deviations caused by the structural or environmental factors can be precisely and conveniently depicted via the CIELAB space analysis.
Collapse
|
|
35
|
Abstract
The earliest biomolecular archaeological and archaeobotanical evidence for grape wine and viniculture from the Near East, ca. 6,000–5,800 BC during the early Neolithic Period, was obtained by applying state-of-the-art archaeological, archaeobotanical, climatic, and chemical methods to newly excavated materials from two sites in Georgia in the South Caucasus. Wine is central to civilization as we know it in the West. As a medicine, social lubricant, mind-altering substance, and highly valued commodity, wine became the focus of religious cults, pharmacopoeias, cuisines, economies, and society in the ancient Near East. This wine culture subsequently spread around the globe. Viniculture illustrates human ingenuity in developing horticultural and winemaking techniques, such as domestication, propagation, selection of desirable traits, wine presses, suitable containers and closures, and so on. Chemical analyses of ancient organic compounds absorbed into the pottery fabrics from sites in Georgia in the South Caucasus region, dating to the early Neolithic period (ca. 6,000–5,000 BC), provide the earliest biomolecular archaeological evidence for grape wine and viniculture from the Near East, at ca. 6,000–5,800 BC. The chemical findings are corroborated by climatic and environmental reconstruction, together with archaeobotanical evidence, including grape pollen, starch, and epidermal remains associated with a jar of similar type and date. The very large-capacity jars, some of the earliest pottery made in the Near East, probably served as combination fermentation, aging, and serving vessels. They are the most numerous pottery type at many sites comprising the so-called “Shulaveri-Shomutepe Culture” of the Neolithic period, which extends into western Azerbaijan and northern Armenia. The discovery of early sixth millennium BC grape wine in this region is crucial to the later history of wine in Europe and the rest of the world.
Collapse
|
|
36
|
Zhou Y, Massonnet M, Sanjak JS, Cantu D, Gaut BS. Evolutionary genomics of grape ( Vitis vinifera ssp. vinifera) domestication. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:11715-11720. [PMID: 29042518 PMCID: PMC5676911 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1709257114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
We gathered genomic data from grapes (Vitis vinifera ssp. vinifera), a clonally propagated perennial crop, to address three ongoing mysteries about plant domestication. The first is the duration of domestication; archaeological evidence suggests that domestication occurs over millennia, but genetic evidence indicates that it can occur rapidly. We estimated that our wild and cultivated grape samples diverged ∼22,000 years ago and that the cultivated lineage experienced a steady decline in population size (Ne ) thereafter. The long decline may reflect low-intensity management by humans before domestication. The second mystery is the identification of genes that contribute to domestication phenotypes. In cultivated grapes, we identified candidate-selected genes that function in sugar metabolism, flower development, and stress responses. In contrast, candidate-selected genes in the wild sample were limited to abiotic and biotic stress responses. A genomic region of high divergence corresponded to the sex determination region and included a candidate male sterility factor and additional genes with sex-specific expression. The third mystery concerns the cost of domestication. Annual crops accumulate putatively deleterious variants, in part due to strong domestication bottlenecks. The domestication of perennial crops differs from that of annuals in several ways, including the intensity of bottlenecks, and it is not yet clear if they accumulate deleterious variants. We found that grape accessions contained 5.2% more deleterious variants than wild individuals, and these were more often in a heterozygous state. Using forward simulations, we confirm that clonal propagation leads to the accumulation of recessive deleterious mutations but without decreasing fitness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yongfeng Zhou
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697
| | - Mélanie Massonnet
- Department of Viticulture and Enology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616
| | - Jaleal S Sanjak
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697
| | - Dario Cantu
- Department of Viticulture and Enology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616
| | - Brandon S Gaut
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697;
| |
Collapse
|
|
37
|
Marsit S, Leducq JB, Durand É, Marchant A, Filteau M, Landry CR. Evolutionary biology through the lens of budding yeast comparative genomics. Nat Rev Genet 2017; 18:581-598. [DOI: 10.1038/nrg.2017.49] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
|
|
38
|
Analytical chemistry studying historical pharmaceuticals and health care formulations. MONATSHEFTE FUR CHEMIE 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s00706-017-1985-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
|
39
|
Dupont J, Dequin S, Giraud T, Le Tacon F, Marsit S, Ropars J, Richard F, Selosse MA. Fungi as a Source of Food. Microbiol Spectr 2017; 5:10.1128/microbiolspec.funk-0030-2016. [PMID: 28597810 PMCID: PMC11687497 DOI: 10.1128/microbiolspec.funk-0030-2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
In this article, we review some of the best-studied fungi used as food sources, in particular, the cheese fungi, the truffles, and the fungi used for drink fermentation such as beer, wine, and sake. We discuss their history of consumption by humans and the genomic mechanisms of adaptation during artificial selection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joëlle Dupont
- Institut de Systématique, Evolution et Biodiversité, ISYEB - UMR 7205 - CNRS, MNHN, UPMC, EPHE, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Sorbonne Universités, CP39, 75231 Paris Cedex 5, France
| | - Sylvie Dequin
- SPO, INRA, SupAgro, Université Montpellier, 34060 Montpellier, France
| | - Tatiana Giraud
- Ecologie Systématique Evolution, Univ. Paris-Sud, CNRS, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91400 Orsay, France
| | - François Le Tacon
- INRA, Université de Lorraine, UMR1136 Interactions Arbres-Microorganismes, Laboratoire d'Excellence ARBRE, F-54280 Champenoux, France
| | - Souhir Marsit
- SPO, INRA, SupAgro, Université Montpellier, 34060 Montpellier, France
| | - Jeanne Ropars
- Institut Pasteur, INRA, Unité Biologie et Pathogénicité Fongiques, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Franck Richard
- CEFE-CNRS, UMR 5175, Equipe Interactions Biotiques, 34 293 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Marc-André Selosse
- Institut de Systématique, Evolution et Biodiversité, ISYEB - UMR 7205 - CNRS, MNHN, UPMC, EPHE, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Sorbonne Universités, CP39, 75231 Paris Cedex 5, France
| |
Collapse
|
|
40
|
Vitorino LC, Bessa LA. Technological Microbiology: Development and Applications. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:827. [PMID: 28539920 PMCID: PMC5423913 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.00827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Over thousands of years, modernization could be predicted for the use of microorganisms in the production of foods and beverages. However, the current accelerated pace of new food production is due to the rapid incorporation of biotechnological techniques that allow the rapid identification of new molecules and microorganisms or even the genetic improvement of known species. At no other time in history have microorganisms been so present in areas such as agriculture and medicine, except as recognized villains. Currently, however, beneficial microorganisms such as plant growth promoters and phytopathogen controllers are required by various agricultural crops, and many species are being used as biofactories of important pharmacological molecules. The use of biofactories does not end there: microorganisms have been explored for the synthesis of diverse chemicals, fuel molecules, and industrial polymers, and strains environmentally important due to their biodecomposing or biosorption capacity have gained interest in research laboratories and in industrial activities. We call this new microbiology Technological Microbiology, and we believe that complex techniques, such as heterologous expression and metabolic engineering, can be increasingly incorporated into this applied science, allowing the generation of new and improved products and services.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luciana C. Vitorino
- Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Goiano Federal InstituteGoiás, Brazil
| | | |
Collapse
|
|
41
|
Eldarov MA, Kishkovskaia SA, Tanaschuk TN, Mardanov AV. Genomics and biochemistry of Saccharomyces cerevisiae wine yeast strains. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2017; 81:1650-1668. [DOI: 10.1134/s0006297916130046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
|
42
|
Maghradze D, Samanishvili G, Mekhuzla L, Mdinaradze I, Tevzadze G, Aslanishvili A, Chavchanidze P, Lordkipanidze D, Jalabadze M, Kvavadze E, Rusishvili N, Nadiradze E, Archvadze G, McGovern P, This P, Bacilieri R, Failla O, Cola G, Mariani L, Wales N, Gilbert MTP, Bouby L, Kazeli T, Ujmajuridze L, Batiuk S, Graham A, Megrelidze L, Bagratia T, Davitashvili L. Grape and wine culture in Georgia, the South Caucasus. BIO WEB OF CONFERENCES 2016. [DOI: 10.1051/bioconf/20160703027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
|
|
43
|
Grangeteau C, Roullier-Gall C, Rousseaux S, Gougeon RD, Schmitt-Kopplin P, Alexandre H, Guilloux-Benatier M. Wine microbiology is driven by vineyard and winery anthropogenic factors. Microb Biotechnol 2016; 10:354-370. [PMID: 27778455 PMCID: PMC5328833 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.12428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Revised: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The effects of different anthropic activities (vineyard: phytosanitary protection; winery: pressing and sulfiting) on the fungal populations of grape berries were studied. The global diversity of fungal populations (moulds and yeasts) was performed by pyrosequencing. The anthropic activities studied modified fungal diversity. Thus, a decrease in biodiversity was measured for three successive vintages for the grapes of the plot cultivated with Organic protection compared to plots treated with Conventional and Ecophyto protections. The fungal populations were then considerably modified by the pressing‐clarification step. The addition of sulfur dioxide also modified population dynamics and favoured the domination of the species Saccharomyces cerevisiae during fermentation. The non‐targeted chemical analysis of musts and wines by FT‐ICR‐MS showed that the wines could be discriminated at the end of alcoholic fermentation as a function of adding SO2 or not, but also and above all as a function of phytosanitary protection, regardless of whether these fermentations took place in the presence of SO2 or not. Thus, the existence of signatures in wines of chemical diversity and microbiology linked to vineyard protection has been highlighted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cédric Grangeteau
- Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, AgroSup Dijon, PAM UMR A 02.102, F-21000, Dijon, France.,IUVV Equipe VAlMiS, rue Claude Ladrey, BP 27877, 21078, Dijon Cedex, France
| | - Chloé Roullier-Gall
- Chair of Analytical Food Chemistry, Technische Universität München, Alte Akademie 10, 85354, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany.,Research Unit Analytical BioGeoChemistry, Department of Environmental Sciences, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstaedter Landstrasse 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Sandrine Rousseaux
- Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, AgroSup Dijon, PAM UMR A 02.102, F-21000, Dijon, France.,IUVV Equipe VAlMiS, rue Claude Ladrey, BP 27877, 21078, Dijon Cedex, France
| | - Régis D Gougeon
- Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, AgroSup Dijon, PAM UMR A 02.102, F-21000, Dijon, France.,IUVV Equipe PAPC, rue Claude Ladrey, BP 27877, 21078, Dijon Cedex, France
| | - Philippe Schmitt-Kopplin
- Chair of Analytical Food Chemistry, Technische Universität München, Alte Akademie 10, 85354, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany.,Research Unit Analytical BioGeoChemistry, Department of Environmental Sciences, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstaedter Landstrasse 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Hervé Alexandre
- Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, AgroSup Dijon, PAM UMR A 02.102, F-21000, Dijon, France.,IUVV Equipe VAlMiS, rue Claude Ladrey, BP 27877, 21078, Dijon Cedex, France
| | - Michèle Guilloux-Benatier
- Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, AgroSup Dijon, PAM UMR A 02.102, F-21000, Dijon, France.,IUVV Equipe VAlMiS, rue Claude Ladrey, BP 27877, 21078, Dijon Cedex, France
| |
Collapse
|
|
44
|
Bischof RH, Ramoni J, Seiboth B. Cellulases and beyond: the first 70 years of the enzyme producer Trichoderma reesei. Microb Cell Fact 2016; 15:106. [PMID: 27287427 PMCID: PMC4902900 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-016-0507-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 299] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2016] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
More than 70 years ago, the filamentous ascomycete Trichoderma reesei was isolated on the Solomon Islands due to its ability to degrade and thrive on cellulose containing fabrics. This trait that relies on its secreted cellulases is nowadays exploited by several industries. Most prominently in biorefineries which use T. reesei enzymes to saccharify lignocellulose from renewable plant biomass in order to produce biobased fuels and chemicals. In this review we summarize important milestones of the development of T. reesei as the leading production host for biorefinery enzymes, and discuss emerging trends in strain engineering. Trichoderma reesei has very recently also been proposed as a consolidated bioprocessing organism capable of direct conversion of biopolymeric substrates to desired products. We therefore cover this topic by reviewing novel approaches in metabolic engineering of T. reesei.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert H Bischof
- Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology (ACIB) GmbH c/o Institute of Chemical Engineering, TU Wien, Gumpendorferstraße 1a, 1060, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jonas Ramoni
- Molecular Biotechnology, Research Area Biochemical Technology, Institute of Chemical Engineering, TU Wien, Gumpendorferstraße 1a, 1060, Vienna, Austria
| | - Bernhard Seiboth
- Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology (ACIB) GmbH c/o Institute of Chemical Engineering, TU Wien, Gumpendorferstraße 1a, 1060, Vienna, Austria. .,Molecular Biotechnology, Research Area Biochemical Technology, Institute of Chemical Engineering, TU Wien, Gumpendorferstraße 1a, 1060, Vienna, Austria.
| |
Collapse
|
|
45
|
Dangl GS, Mendum ML, Yang J, Walker MA, Preece JE. Hybridization of cultivated Vitis vinifera with wild V. californica and V. girdiana in California. Ecol Evol 2015; 5:5671-84. [PMID: 27069616 PMCID: PMC4813103 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.1797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2015] [Accepted: 10/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Hybridization of introduced domesticates and closely related natives is well documented in annual crops. The widespread introduction of the domesticated grapevine, Vitis vinifera, into California where it overlaps with two native congenerics, with which it is interfertile, provides opportunity to investigate hybridization between woody perennials. Although geographically widespread, the introduction over the past two centuries has been limited to a few elite clonal cultivars, providing a unique opportunity to study the effects of hybridization on the native species. The amount of hybridization with V. vinifera and the genetic diversity of wild-growing Vitis californica and Vitis girdiana were examined using nineteen microsatellite markers. STRUCTURE analysis was used to define hybrid and introgressed individuals and to analyze genetic structure of the native species. FAMOZ software was used to identify which V. vinifera cultivars served as parents of F 1 hybrids. The three species were clearly distinguished by STRUCTURE analysis. Thirty percent of 119 V. californica vines were hybrids. The domesticated parent was identified for 16 F 1 hybrid vines; the original California cultivar, 'Mission', was the parent of eight. Backcrosses were also found, showing introgression into subsequent generations. Similar results were obtained for a small sample of V. girdiana. Removing hybrids greatly reduced the genetic variation of the presumed pure species, among which there was essentially no genetic structure. Limited genetic variability indicates the California natives may be threatened by genetic erosion. The discovery of F 1 hybrids of 'Mission', a cultivar not grown in the areas for ~100 years, suggests long generation times for wild vines that, often, grow into expansive liana and propagate by layering, all factors that limit recruitment in populations already disjunct by habitat lose. Hermaphroditic flowers and fruit that is more attractive to birds may favor the production of backcross seed and establishment of introgressed individuals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gerald S. Dangl
- Foundation Plant ServicesUniversity of California DavisOne Shields Ave.DavisCalifornia95616
| | - Mary Lou Mendum
- Department of Plant SciencesUniversity of California DavisOne Shields Ave.DavisCalifornia95616
| | - Judy Yang
- Foundation Plant ServicesUniversity of California DavisOne Shields Ave.DavisCalifornia95616
| | - M. Andrew Walker
- Department of Viticulture and EnologyUniversity of California DavisOne Shields Ave.DavisCalifornia95616
| | - John E. Preece
- National Clonal Germplasm RepositoryUSDA‐ARSUniversity of California DavisOne Shields AveDavisCalifornia95616
| |
Collapse
|
|
46
|
Abbott DW, Martens EC, Gilbert HJ, Cuskin F, Lowe EC. Coevolution of yeast mannan digestion: Convergence of the civilized human diet, distal gut microbiome, and host immunity. Gut Microbes 2015; 6:334-9. [PMID: 26440374 PMCID: PMC4826095 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2015.1091913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The complex carbohydrates accessible to the distal gut microbiota (DGM) are key drivers in determining the structure of this ecosystem. Typically, plant cell wall polysaccharides and recalcitrant starch (i.e. dietary fiber), in addition to host glycans are considered the primary nutrients for the DGM; however, we recently demonstrated that α-mannans, highly branched polysaccharides that decorate the surface of yeast, are also nutrients for several members of Bacteroides spp. This relationship suggests that the advent of yeast in contemporary food technologies and the colonization of the intestine by endogenous fungi have roles in microbiome structure and function. Here we discuss the process of yeast mannan metabolism, and the intersection between various sources of intestinal fungi and their roles in recognition by the host innate immune system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D Wade Abbott
- Lethbridge Research Center; Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada; Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada,Correspondence to: D Wade Abbott; ; Eric C Martens; ; Harry J Gilbert;
| | - Eric C Martens
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology; University of Michigan Medical School; Ann Arbor, MI USA,Correspondence to: D Wade Abbott; ; Eric C Martens; ; Harry J Gilbert;
| | - Harry J Gilbert
- Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences; The Medical School; Newcastle University; Newcastle upon Tyne, UK,Correspondence to: D Wade Abbott; ; Eric C Martens; ; Harry J Gilbert;
| | - Fiona Cuskin
- Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences; The Medical School; Newcastle University; Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Elisabeth C Lowe
- Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences; The Medical School; Newcastle University; Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| |
Collapse
|
|
47
|
Almeida P, Barbosa R, Zalar P, Imanishi Y, Shimizu K, Turchetti B, Legras JL, Serra M, Dequin S, Couloux A, Guy J, Bensasson D, Gonçalves P, Sampaio JP. A population genomics insight into the Mediterranean origins of wine yeast domestication. Mol Ecol 2015; 24:5412-27. [PMID: 26248006 DOI: 10.1111/mec.13341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2015] [Revised: 07/24/2015] [Accepted: 07/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The domestication of the wine yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae is thought to be contemporary with the development and expansion of viticulture along the Mediterranean basin. Until now, the unavailability of wild lineages prevented the identification of the closest wild relatives of wine yeasts. Here, we enlarge the collection of natural lineages and employ whole-genome data of oak-associated wild isolates to study a balanced number of anthropic and natural S. cerevisiae strains. We identified industrial variants and new geographically delimited populations, including a novel Mediterranean oak population. This population is the closest relative of the wine lineage as shown by a weak population structure and further supported by genomewide population analyses. A coalescent model considering partial isolation with asymmetrical migration, mostly from the wild group into the Wine group, and population growth, was found to be best supported by the data. Importantly, divergence time estimates between the two populations agree with historical evidence for winemaking. We show that three horizontally transmitted regions, previously described to contain genes relevant to wine fermentation, are present in the Wine group but not in the Mediterranean oak group. This represents a major discontinuity between the two populations and is likely to denote a domestication fingerprint in wine yeasts. Taken together, these results indicate that Mediterranean oaks harbour the wild genetic stock of domesticated wine yeasts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Almeida
- UCIBIO@REQUIMTE, Departamento de Ciências da Vida, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Raquel Barbosa
- UCIBIO@REQUIMTE, Departamento de Ciências da Vida, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Polona Zalar
- Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Večna pot 111, SI-1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Yumi Imanishi
- Department of Applied Material and Life Science, College of Engineering, Kanto Gakuin University, Mutsuura-higashi 1-50-1, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, 236-8501, Japan
| | - Kiminori Shimizu
- Medical Mycology Research Center, Chiba University, Inohana 1-8-1, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8673, Japan
| | - Benedetta Turchetti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Ambientali & Industrial Yeasts Collection DBVPG, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Borgo XX Giugno, 74 - 06121, Perugia, Italy
| | - Jean-Luc Legras
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), UMR1083 Sciences pour l'Œnologie (SPO) 2, Place Viala, 34060, Montpellier, France
| | - Marta Serra
- UCIBIO@REQUIMTE, Departamento de Ciências da Vida, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Sylvie Dequin
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), UMR1083 Sciences pour l'Œnologie (SPO) 2, Place Viala, 34060, Montpellier, France
| | - Arnaud Couloux
- CEA, Institut de Génomique, Genoscope, Centre National de Séquençage, 2 rue Gaston Crémieux, CP5706 91057, Evry Cedex, France
| | - Julie Guy
- CEA, Institut de Génomique, Genoscope, Centre National de Séquençage, 2 rue Gaston Crémieux, CP5706 91057, Evry Cedex, France
| | - Douda Bensasson
- Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Michael Smith Building, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - Paula Gonçalves
- UCIBIO@REQUIMTE, Departamento de Ciências da Vida, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516, Caparica, Portugal
| | - José Paulo Sampaio
- UCIBIO@REQUIMTE, Departamento de Ciências da Vida, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516, Caparica, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
|
48
|
Abstract
Saccharomyces cerevisiae and related species, the main workhorses of wine fermentation, have been exposed to stressful conditions for millennia, potentially resulting in adaptive differentiation. As a result, wine yeasts have recently attracted considerable interest for studying the evolutionary effects of domestication. The widespread use of whole-genome sequencing during the last decade has provided new insights into the biodiversity, population structure, phylogeography and evolutionary history of wine yeasts. Comparisons between S. cerevisiae isolates from various origins have indicated that a variety of mechanisms, including heterozygosity, nucleotide and structural variations, introgressions, horizontal gene transfer and hybridization, contribute to the genetic and phenotypic diversity of S. cerevisiae. This review will summarize the current knowledge on the diversity and evolutionary history of wine yeasts, focusing on the domestication fingerprints identified in these strains. This review summarizes current knowledge and recent advances on the diversity and evolutionary history of Saccharomyces cerevisiae wine yeasts, focusing on the domestication fingerprints identified in these strains.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Souhir Marsit
- INRA, UMR1083, SPO, F-34060 Montpellier, France Montpellier SupAgro, UMR1083, SPO, F-34060 Montpellier, France Montpellier University, UMR1083, SPO, F-34060 Montpellier, France
| | - Sylvie Dequin
- INRA, UMR1083, SPO, F-34060 Montpellier, France Montpellier SupAgro, UMR1083, SPO, F-34060 Montpellier, France Montpellier University, UMR1083, SPO, F-34060 Montpellier, France
| |
Collapse
|
|
49
|
Chemical messages in 170-year-old champagne bottles from the Baltic Sea: Revealing tastes from the past. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2015; 112:5893-8. [PMID: 25897020 PMCID: PMC4434772 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1500783112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The composition of 170-y-old champagne samples found in a shipwreck in the Baltic Sea constitutes a remarkable and unprecedented example of long-term combinatorial chemistry, which can occur in such sealed 750-mL microlaboratories. Multiple analytical tools, including metabolomics, metallomics, and sensory analysis, were combined to characterize the molecular diversity of these champagnes having aged in close-to-perfect conditions at the bottom of the sea. The analyzed champagnes retained intrinsic features allowing us to shed light on the winemaking practices in use in the middle of the 19th century. Therefore, this archeochemistry approach enabled us to rewrite a piece of our cultural heritage. Archaeochemistry as the application of the most recent analytical techniques to ancient samples now provides an unprecedented understanding of human culture throughout history. In this paper, we report on a multiplatform analytical investigation of 170-y-old champagne bottles found in a shipwreck at the bottom of the Baltic Sea, which provides insight into winemaking practices used at the time. Organic spectroscopy-based nontargeted metabolomics and metallomics give access to the detailed composition of these wines, revealing, for instance, unexpected chemical characteristics in terms of small ion, sugar, and acid contents as well as markers of barrel aging and Maillard reaction products. The distinct aroma composition of these ancient champagne samples, first revealed during tasting sessions, was later confirmed using state-of-the-art aroma analysis techniques. After 170 y of deep sea aging in close-to-perfect conditions, these sleeping champagne bottles awoke to tell us a chapter of the story of winemaking and to reveal their extraordinary archaeometabolome and elemental diversity in the form of chemical signatures related to each individual step of champagne production.
Collapse
|
|
50
|
Papadimitriou K, Pot B, Tsakalidou E. How microbes adapt to a diversity of food niches. Curr Opin Food Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cofs.2015.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|