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Wang M, Ling Y, Dong Z, Yao X, Gan Y, Zhou C, Su Y. GPU-accelerated iterative method for FD-OCT image reconstruction with an image-level cross-domain regularizer. OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 31:1813-1831. [PMID: 36785208 DOI: 10.1364/oe.478970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The image reconstruction for Fourier-domain optical coherence tomography (FD-OCT) could be achieved by iterative methods, which offer a more accurate estimation than the traditional inverse discrete Fourier transform (IDFT) reconstruction. However, the existing iterative methods are mostly A-line-based and are developed on CPU, which causes slow reconstruction. Besides, A-line-based reconstruction makes the iterative methods incompatible with most existing image-level image processing techniques. In this paper, we proposed an iterative method that enables B-scan-based OCT image reconstruction, which has three major advantages: (1) Large-scale parallelism of the OCT dataset is achieved by using GPU acceleration. (2) A novel image-level cross-domain regularizer was developed, such that the image processing could be performed simultaneously during the image reconstruction; an enhanced image could be directly generated from the OCT interferogram. (3) The scalability of the proposed method was demonstrated for 3D OCT image reconstruction. Compared with the state-of-the-art (SOTA) iterative approaches, the proposed method achieves higher image quality with reduced computational time by orders of magnitude. To further show the image enhancement ability, a comparison was conducted between the proposed method and the conventional workflow, in which an IDFT reconstructed OCT image is later processed by a total variation-regularized denoising algorithm. The proposed method can achieve a better performance evaluated by metrics such as signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR), while the speed is improved by more than 30 times. Real-time image reconstruction at more than 20 B-scans per second was realized with a frame size of 4096 (axial) × 1000 (lateral), which showcases the great potential of the proposed method in real-world applications.
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Jelly ET, Kwun J, Schmitz R, Farris AB, Steelman ZA, Sudan DL, Knechtle SJ, Wax A. Optical coherence tomography of small intestine allograft biopsies using a handheld surgical probe. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2021; 26:JBO-210108R. [PMID: 34561973 PMCID: PMC8461564 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.26.9.096008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE The current gold standard for monitoring small intestinal transplant (IT) rejection is endoscopic visual assessment and biopsy of suspicious lesions; however, these lesions are only superficially visualized by endoscopy. Invasive biopsies provide a coarse sampling of tissue health without depicting the true presence and extent of any pathology. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) presents a potential alternative approach with significant advantages over traditional white-light endoscopy. AIM The aim of our investigation was to evaluate OCT performance in distinguishing clinically relevant morphological features associated with IT graft failure. APPROACH OCT was applied to evaluate the small bowel tissues of two rhesus macaques that had undergone IT of the ileum. The traditional assessment from routine histological observation was compared with OCT captured using a handheld surgical probe during the days post-transplant and subsequently was compared with histophaology. RESULTS The reported OCT system was capable of identifying major biological landmarks in healthy intestinal tissue. Following IT, one nonhuman primate (NHP) model suffered a severe graft ischemia, and the second NHP graft failed due to acute cellular rejection. OCT images show visual evidence of correspondence with histological signs of IT rejection. CONCLUSIONS Results suggest that OCT imaging has significant potential to reveal morphological changes associated with IT rejection and to improve patient outcomes overall.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan T. Jelly
- Duke University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Durham, North Carolina, United States
| | - Jean Kwun
- Duke University Medical Center, Duke Transplant Center, Department of Surgery, Durham, United States
| | - Robin Schmitz
- Duke University Medical Center, Duke Transplant Center, Department of Surgery, Durham, United States
| | - Alton B. Farris
- Emory University, Department of Pathology, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
| | - Zachary A. Steelman
- Duke University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Durham, North Carolina, United States
| | - Debra L. Sudan
- Duke University Medical Center, Duke Transplant Center, Department of Surgery, Durham, United States
| | - Stuart J. Knechtle
- Duke University Medical Center, Duke Transplant Center, Department of Surgery, Durham, United States
| | - Adam Wax
- Duke University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Durham, North Carolina, United States
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3
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Zulina N, Caravaca O, Liao G, Gravelyn S, Schmitt M, Badu K, Heroin L, Gora MJ. Colon phantoms with cancer lesions for endoscopic characterization with optical coherence tomography. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 12:955-968. [PMID: 33680552 PMCID: PMC7901311 DOI: 10.1364/boe.402081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a growing imaging technique for real-time early diagnosis of digestive system diseases. As with other well-established medical imaging modalities, OCT requires validated imaging performance and standardized test methods for performance assessment. A major limitation in the development and testing of new imaging technologies is the lack of models for simultaneous clinical procedure emulation and characterization of healthy and diseased tissues. Currently, the former can be tested in large animal models and the latter can be tested in small animal disease models or excised human biopsy samples. In this study, a 23 cm by 23 cm optical phantom was developed to mimic the thickness and near-infrared optical properties of each anatomical layer of a human colon, as well as the surface topography of colorectal polyps and visual appearance compatible with white light endoscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Zulina
- ICube Laboratory, CNRS, Strasbourg University, 1, Place de l'Hôpital - 67091 Strasbourg Cedex, France
| | - Oscar Caravaca
- ICube Laboratory, CNRS, Strasbourg University, 1, Place de l'Hôpital - 67091 Strasbourg Cedex, France
| | - Guiqiu Liao
- ICube Laboratory, CNRS, Strasbourg University, 1, Place de l'Hôpital - 67091 Strasbourg Cedex, France
| | - Sara Gravelyn
- ICube Laboratory, CNRS, Strasbourg University, 1, Place de l'Hôpital - 67091 Strasbourg Cedex, France
| | - Morgane Schmitt
- ICube Laboratory, CNRS, Strasbourg University, 1, Place de l'Hôpital - 67091 Strasbourg Cedex, France
| | - Keshia Badu
- ICube Laboratory, CNRS, Strasbourg University, 1, Place de l'Hôpital - 67091 Strasbourg Cedex, France
| | - Lucile Heroin
- ICube Laboratory, CNRS, Strasbourg University, 1, Place de l'Hôpital - 67091 Strasbourg Cedex, France
- Gastroenterology Department, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Michalina J Gora
- ICube Laboratory, CNRS, Strasbourg University, 1, Place de l'Hôpital - 67091 Strasbourg Cedex, France
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Kato K, Al-Sobaihi S, Al-Busani H, Nishizawa A, Ohmi M, Yokozeki H, Namiki T. Analysis of sweating by optical coherence tomography in patients with palmoplantar hyperhidrosis. J Dermatol 2020; 48:334-343. [PMID: 33230876 DOI: 10.1111/1346-8138.15694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a high-resolution tomographic imaging technique that uses optical interference. OCT has enabled the non-invasive three-dimensional analysis of individual acrosyringia in the stratum corneum in human skin. However, no report on the measurement of sweating by OCT using clinical data from humans has been published to date. Twenty patients with hyperhidrosis and twenty healthy subjects were included in this study. Imaging of acrosyringia in the stratum corneum using OCT and measurement of the sweat rate using the ventilated capsule method were performed simultaneously. The hand grip exercise of the right hand was used as a load to induce sweating, and the left fingertip was measured before and after the exercise load. Five acrosyringia were extracted from each OCT image, and their volumes were calculated. The mean volume of each acrosyringium was divided by the thickness of the stratum corneum to calculate the mean cross-sectional area of the acrosyringium. Furthermore, the number of sweat droplets on the skin surface was measured. The mean cross-sectional area of acrosyringia after the load increased both in patients with hyperhidrosis and in healthy subjects (P < 0.001). The mean cross-sectional area of acrosyringia of patients with hyperhidrosis was larger than that of healthy subjects (P < 0.001). The mean cross-sectional area of acrosyringia and the sweat rate showed a positive correlation before and after the load (r = 0.88 to 0.91). The number of droplets also increased after the load (P < 0.001), and the number of droplets in patients with hyperhidrosis was higher than in healthy subjects (P < 0.001). Our study has shown that acrosyringia in the stratum corneum increase in proportion to the sweat rate. OCT is a rigorous and valuable method that can measure and quantify sweating in the body without being an invasive procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kohei Kato
- Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku, Japan
| | - Saber Al-Sobaihi
- Department of Global Health Entrepreneurship, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hind Al-Busani
- Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku, Japan
| | - Aya Nishizawa
- Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku, Japan
| | - Masato Ohmi
- Division of Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroo Yokozeki
- Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku, Japan
| | - Takeshi Namiki
- Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku, Japan
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Zeng Y, Xu S, Chapman WC, Li S, Alipour Z, Abdelal H, Chatterjee D, Mutch M, Zhu Q. Real-time colorectal cancer diagnosis using PR-OCT with deep learning. Theranostics 2020; 10:2587-2596. [PMID: 32194821 PMCID: PMC7052898 DOI: 10.7150/thno.40099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Prior reports have shown optical coherence tomography (OCT) can differentiate normal colonic mucosa from neoplasia, potentially offering an alternative technique to endoscopic biopsy - the current gold-standard colorectal cancer screening and surveillance modality. To help clinical translation limited by processing the large volume of generated data, we designed a deep learning-based pattern recognition (PR) OCT system that automates image processing and provides accurate diagnosis potentially in real-time. Method: OCT is an emerging imaging technique to obtain 3-dimensional (3D) "optical biopsies" of biological samples with high resolution. We designed a convolutional neural network to capture the structure patterns in human colon OCT images. The network is trained and tested using around 26,000 OCT images acquired from 20 tumor areas, 16 benign areas, and 6 other abnormal areas. Results: The trained network successfully detected patterns that identify normal and neoplastic colorectal tissue. Experimental diagnoses predicted by the PR-OCT system were compared to the known histologic findings and quantitatively evaluated. A sensitivity of 100% and specificity of 99.7% can be reached. Further, the area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves (AUC) of 0.998 is achieved. Conclusions: Our results demonstrate that PR-OCT can be used to give an accurate real-time computer-aided diagnosis of colonic neoplastic mucosa. Future development of this system as an "optical biopsy" tool to assist doctors in real-time for early mucosal neoplasms screening and treatment evaluation following initial oncologic therapy is planned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifeng Zeng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis
| | - Shiqi Xu
- Department of Electrical & System Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis
| | - William C. Chapman
- Department of Surgery, Section of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine
| | - Shuying Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis
| | - Zahra Alipour
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine
| | - Heba Abdelal
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine
| | - Deyali Chatterjee
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine
| | - Matthew Mutch
- Department of Surgery, Section of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine
| | - Quing Zhu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine
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Yamanaka M, Hayakawa N, Nishizawa N. High-spatial-resolution deep tissue imaging with spectral-domain optical coherence microscopy in the 1700-nm spectral band. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2019; 24:1-4. [PMID: 31364330 PMCID: PMC6995893 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.24.7.070502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
We present three-dimensional (3-D) high-resolution spectral-domain optical coherence microscopy (SD-OCM) by using a supercontinuum (SC) fiber laser source with 300-nm spectral bandwidth (full-width at half-maximum) in the 1700-nm spectral band. By using low-coherence interferometry with SC light and a confocal detection scheme, we realized lateral and axial resolutions of 3.4 and 3.8 μm in tissue (n = 1.38), respectively. This is, to the best of our knowledge, the highest 3-D spatial resolution reported among those of Fourier-domain optical coherence imaging techniques in the 1700-nm spectral band. In our SD-OCM, to enhance the imaging depth, a full-range method was implemented, which suppressed the formation of a coherent ghost image and allowed us to set the zero-delay position inside the samples. We demonstrated the 3-D high-resolution imaging capability of 1700-nm SD-OCM through the measurement of an interference signal from a mirror surface and imaging of a single 200-nm polystyrene bead and a pig thyroid gland. Deep tissue imaging at a depth of up to 1.8 mm was also demonstrated. This is the first demonstration of 3-D high-resolution SD-OCM in the 1700-nm spectral band.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Naoki Hayakawa
- Nagoya University, Department of Electronics, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
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7
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Pantanowitz L, Preffer F, Wilbur DC. Advanced imaging technology applications in cytology. Diagn Cytopathol 2018; 47:5-14. [DOI: 10.1002/dc.23898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Accepted: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Liron Pantanowitz
- Department of Pathology; University of Pittsburgh Medical Center; Pittsburgh Pennsylvania
| | - Frederic Preffer
- Department of Pathology. Massachusetts General Hospital; Harvard Medical School; Boston Massachusetts
| | - David C. Wilbur
- Department of Pathology. Massachusetts General Hospital; Harvard Medical School; Boston Massachusetts
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8
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Wang J, Xu Y, Boppart SA. Review of optical coherence tomography in oncology. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2017; 22:1-23. [PMID: 29274145 PMCID: PMC5741100 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.22.12.121711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The application of optical coherence tomography (OCT) in the field of oncology has been prospering over the past decade. OCT imaging has been used to image a broad spectrum of malignancies, including those arising in the breast, brain, bladder, the gastrointestinal, respiratory, and reproductive tracts, the skin, and oral cavity, among others. OCT imaging has initially been applied for guiding biopsies, for intraoperatively evaluating tumor margins and lymph nodes, and for the early detection of small lesions that would often not be visible on gross examination, tasks that align well with the clinical emphasis on early detection and intervention. Recently, OCT imaging has been explored for imaging tumor cells and their dynamics, and for the monitoring of tumor responses to treatments. This paper reviews the evolution of OCT technologies for the clinical application of OCT in surgical and noninvasive interventional oncology procedures and concludes with a discussion of the future directions for OCT technologies, with particular emphasis on their applications in oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianfeng Wang
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, Urbana, Illinois, United States
| | - Yang Xu
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, Urbana, Illinois, United States
- University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Urbana, Illinois, United States
| | - Stephen A. Boppart
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, Urbana, Illinois, United States
- University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Urbana, Illinois, United States
- University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, Department of Bioengineering, Urbana, Illinois, United States
- University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, Carle–Illinois College of Medicine, Urbana, Illinois, United States
- Address all correspondence to: Stephen A. Boppart, E-mail:
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9
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High Resolution Optical Coherence Tomography for Bio-Imaging. FRONTIERS IN BIOPHOTONICS FOR TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-287-627-0_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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10
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Ianiro G, Gasbarrini A, Cammarota G. Endoscopic tools for the diagnosis and evaluation of celiac disease. World J Gastroenterol 2013; 19:8562-8570. [PMID: 24379573 PMCID: PMC3870501 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v19.i46.8562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2013] [Accepted: 04/28/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Celiac disease (CD) is an autoimmune disease of the small bowel induced by ingestion of wheat, rye and barley. Current guidelines indicate histological analysis on at least four duodenal biopsies as the only way to diagnose CD. These indications are based on the conception of the inability of standard endoscopy to make diagnosis of CD and/or to drive biopsy sampling. Over the last years, technology development of endoscopic devices has greatly ameliorated the accuracy of macroscopic evaluation of duodenal villous pattern, increasing the diagnostic power of endoscopy of CD. The aim of this paper is to review the new endoscopic tools and procedures proved to be useful in the diagnosis of CD, such as chromoendoscopy, Fujinon Intelligent Chromo Endoscopy, Narrow Band Imaging, Optical Coherence Tomography, Water-Immersion Technique, confocal laser endomicroscopy, high-resolution magnification endoscopy, capsule endoscopy and I-Scan technology.
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11
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Shukla R, Abidi WM, Richards-Kortum R, Anandasabapathy S. Endoscopic imaging: How far are we from real-time histology? World J Gastrointest Endosc 2011; 3:183-94. [PMID: 22013499 PMCID: PMC3196726 DOI: 10.4253/wjge.v3.i10.183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2010] [Revised: 07/15/2011] [Accepted: 08/30/2011] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Currently, in gastrointestinal endoscopy there is increasing interest in high resolution endoscopic technologies that can complement high-definition white light endoscopy by providing real-time subcellular imaging of the epithelial surface. These ‘optical biopsy’ technologies offer the potential to improve diagnostic accuracy and yield, while facilitating real-time decision-making. Although many endoscopic techniques have preliminarily shown high accuracy rates, these technologies are still evolving. This review will provide an overview of the most promising high-resolution imaging technologies, including high resolution microendoscopy, optical coherence tomography, endocytoscopy and confocal laser endoscopy. This review will also discuss the application and current limitations of these technologies for the early detection of neoplasia in Barrett’s esophagus, ulcerative colitis and colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richa Shukla
- Richa Shukla, Wasif M Abidi, Sharmila Anandasabapathy, Department of Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, United States
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12
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Liu Y, Solomon M, Achilefu S. Perspectives and potential applications of nanomedicine in breast and prostate cancer. Med Res Rev 2010; 33:3-32. [PMID: 23239045 DOI: 10.1002/med.20233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Nanomedicine is a branch of nanotechnology that includes the development of nanostructures and nanoanalytical systems for various medical applications. Among these applications, utilization of nanotechnology in oncology has captivated the attention of many research endeavors in recent years. The rapid development of nano-oncology raises new possibilities in cancer diagnosis and treatment. It also holds great promise for realization of point-of-care, theranostics, and personalized medicine. In this article, we review advances in nano-oncology, with an emphasis on breast and prostate cancer because these organs are amenable to the translation of nanomedicine from small animals to humans. As new drugs are developed, the incorporation of nanotechnology approaches into medicinal research becomes critical. Diverse aspects of nano-oncology are discussed, including nanocarriers, targeting strategies, nanodevices, as well as nanomedical diagnostics, therapeutics, and safety. The review concludes by identifying some limitations and future perspectives of nano-oncology in breast and prostate cancer management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
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Enfield J, O'Connell ML, Lawlor K, Jonathan E, O'Mahony C, Leahy M. In-vivo dynamic characterization of microneedle skin penetration using optical coherence tomography. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2010; 15:046001. [PMID: 20799803 DOI: 10.1117/1.3463002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The use of microneedles as a method of circumventing the barrier properties of the stratum corneum is receiving much attention. Although skin disruption technologies and subsequent transdermal diffusion rates are being extensively studied, no accurate data on depth and closure kinetics of microneedle-induced skin pores are available, primarily due to the cumbersome techniques currently required for skin analysis. We report on the first use of optical coherence tomography technology to image microneedle penetration in real time and in vivo. We show that optical coherence tomography (OCT) can be used to painlessly measure stratum corneum and epidermis thickness, as well as microneedle penetration depth after microneedle insertion. Since OCT is a real-time, in-vivo, nondestructive technique, we also analyze skin healing characteristics and present quantitative data on micropore closure rate. Two locations (the volar forearm and dorsal aspect of the fingertip) have been assessed as suitable candidates for microneedle administration. The results illustrate the applicability of OCT analysis as a tool for microneedle-related skin characterization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joey Enfield
- University of Limerick, Department of Physics, Tissue Optics and Microcirculation Imaging Facility, National Biophotonics and Imaging Platform, Limerick, Ireland
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Aguirre AD, Chen Y, Bryan B, Mashimo H, Huang Q, Connolly JL, Fujimoto JG. Cellular resolution ex vivo imaging of gastrointestinal tissues with optical coherence microscopy. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2010; 15:016025. [PMID: 20210470 PMCID: PMC2847935 DOI: 10.1117/1.3322704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2009] [Revised: 12/29/2009] [Accepted: 12/31/2009] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Optical coherence microscopy (OCM) combines confocal microscopy and optical coherence tomography (OCT) to improve imaging depth and contrast, enabling cellular imaging in human tissues. We aim to investigate OCM for ex vivo imaging of upper and lower gastrointestinal tract tissues, to establish correlations between OCM imaging and histology, and to provide a baseline for future endoscopic studies. Co-registered OCM and OCT imaging were performed on fresh surgical specimens and endoscopic biopsy specimens, and images were correlated with histology. Imaging was performed at 1.06-microm wavelength with <2-microm transverse and <4-microm axial resolution for OCM, and at 14-microm transverse and <3-microm axial resolution for OCT. Multiple sites on 75 tissue samples from 39 patients were imaged. OCM enabled cellular imaging of specimens from the upper and lower gastrointestinal tracts over a smaller field of view compared to OCT. Squamous cells and their nuclei, goblet cells in Barrett's esophagus, gastric pits and colonic crypts, and fine structures in adenocarcinomas were visualized. OCT provided complementary information through assessment of tissue architectural features over a larger field of view. OCM may provide a complementary imaging modality to standard OCT approaches for endoscopic microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron D Aguirre
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
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15
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Raman Spectroscopy for Early Cancer Detection, Diagnosis and Elucidation of Disease-Specific Biochemical Changes. EMERGING RAMAN APPLICATIONS AND TECHNIQUES IN BIOMEDICAL AND PHARMACEUTICAL FIELDS 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-02649-2_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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16
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Zhou C, Wang Y, Aguirre AD, Tsai TH, Cohen DW, Connolly JL, Fujimoto JG. Ex vivo imaging of human thyroid pathology using integrated optical coherence tomography and optical coherence microscopy. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2010; 15:016001. [PMID: 20210448 PMCID: PMC2844129 DOI: 10.1117/1.3306696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2009] [Revised: 11/04/2009] [Accepted: 11/05/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
We evaluate the feasibility of optical coherence tomography (OCT) and optical coherence microscopy (OCM) for imaging of benign and malignant thyroid lesions ex vivo using intrinsic optical contrast. 34 thyroid gland specimens are imaged from 17 patients, covering a spectrum of pathology ranging from normal thyroid to benign disease/neoplasms (multinodular colloid goiter, Hashimoto's thyroiditis, and follicular adenoma) and malignant thyroid tumors (papillary carcinoma and medullary carcinoma). Imaging is performed using an integrated OCT and OCM system, with <4 microm axial resolution (OCT and OCM), and 14 microm (OCT) and <2 microm (OCM) transverse resolution. The system allows seamless switching between low and high magnifications in a way similar to traditional microscopy. Good correspondence is observed between optical images and histological sections. Characteristic features that suggest malignant lesions, such as complex papillary architecture, microfollicules, psammomatous calcifications, or replacement of normal follicular architecture with sheets/nests of tumor cells, can be identified from OCT and OCM images and are clearly differentiable from normal or benign thyroid tissues. With further development of needle-based imaging probes, OCT and OCM could be promising techniques to use for the screening of thyroid nodules and to improve the diagnostic specificity of fine needle aspiration evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Zhou
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
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Optical coherence tomography in pediatric patients: a feasible technique for diagnosing celiac disease in children with villous atrophy. Dig Liver Dis 2009; 41:639-43. [PMID: 19386560 DOI: 10.1016/j.dld.2009.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2008] [Revised: 01/24/2009] [Accepted: 02/03/2009] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Celiac disease is a common condition with many atypical manifestations, where histology serves as the "gold standard" for diagnosis. A useful new technique, optical coherence tomography, can depict villous morphology in detail, using light waves. This study examined the correlation between the sensitivity and specificity of optical coherence tomography in pediatric patients undergoing esophago-gastro-duodenoscopy for the diagnosis of celiac disease. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 134 children were prospectively enrolled, 67 with a serological suspicion of celiac disease (group 1) and 67 with negative histology for celiac disease (group 2). During a diagnostic esophago-gastro-duodenoscopy we acquired multiple images and films in the four quadrants of the second part of the duodenum, and biopsies were taken in the area where optical coherence tomography had been done. Three patterns of villous morphology were considered: pattern 1=no atrophy (types 0, 1 or 2 of the Marsh classification); pattern 2=mild atrophy (type 3a or 3b); pattern 3=marked atrophy (type 3c). RESULTS The diagnosis of celiac disease was histologically confirmed in all 67 children with positive antiendomysium and/or antitransglutaminase antibodies. Optical coherence tomography correlated with pattern 1 histology in 11/11 cases, pattern 2 in 30/32 (93.8%) and pattern 3 in 22/24 (91.6%). Sensitivity and specificity were 82% and 100%. In the control group there was 100% concordance between optical coherence tomography and histology. The overall concordance between optical coherence tomography and histology in determining patchy lesions was 75%. CONCLUSION Optical coherence tomography could be a helpful diagnostic tool in children with mild or marked villous atrophy for diagnosing celiac disease during upper gastrointestinal (GI) endoscopy, avoiding biopsies. However, duodenal biopsies are mandatory if the optical coherence tomography shows normal villous morphology in patients with positive antibodies.
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Cucchiara S, Di Nardo G. Optical coherence tomography in children with coeliac disease. Dig Liver Dis 2009; 41:630-1. [PMID: 19576862 DOI: 10.1016/j.dld.2009.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2009] [Accepted: 05/27/2009] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- S Cucchiara
- Pediatric Gastroenterology Endoscopy and Liver Unit, Department of Pediatrics, "Sapienza" University of Rome, University Hospital Umberto I, Rome, Italy.
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Mueller-Lisse U, Meissner O, Bauer M, Weber C, Babaryka G, Stief C, Reiser M, Mueller-Lisse U. Catheter-based Intraluminal Optical Coherence Tomography Versus Endoluminal Ultrasonography of Porcine Ureter Ex Vivo. Urology 2009; 73:1388-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2008.11.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2008] [Revised: 10/04/2008] [Accepted: 11/15/2008] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Goldberg BD, Nezam SRM, Jillella P, Bouma BE, Tearney GJ. Miniature swept source for point of care optical frequency domain imaging. OPTICS EXPRESS 2009; 17:3619-29. [PMID: 19259202 PMCID: PMC2697067 DOI: 10.1364/oe.17.003619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Point of care (POC) medical technologies require portable, small, robust instrumentation for practical implementation. In their current embodiment, optical frequency domain imaging (OFDI) systems employ large form-factor wavelength-swept lasers, making them impractical in the POC environment. Here, we describe a first step toward a POC OFDI system by demonstrating a miniaturized swept-wavelength source. The laser is based on a tunable optical filter using a reflection grating and a miniature resonant scanning mirror. The laser achieves 75 nm of bandwidth centered at 1340 nm, a 0.24 nm instantaneous line width, a 15.3 kHz repetition rate with 12 mW peak output power, and a 30.4 kHz A-line rate when utilizing forward and backward sweeps. The entire laser system is approximately the size of a deck of cards and can operate on battery power for at least one hour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian D. Goldberg
- Harvard Medical School and the Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, 50 Blossom St., Boston, MA 02114
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, E25-119, Cambridge, MA 02139
| | - S.M. Reza Motaghian Nezam
- Harvard Medical School and the Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, 50 Blossom St., Boston, MA 02114
| | - Priyanka Jillella
- Harvard Medical School and the Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, 50 Blossom St., Boston, MA 02114
| | - Brett E. Bouma
- Harvard Medical School and the Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, 50 Blossom St., Boston, MA 02114
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, E25-119, Cambridge, MA 02139
| | - Guillermo J. Tearney
- Harvard Medical School and the Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, 50 Blossom St., Boston, MA 02114
- Corresponding author:
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Adler DC, Zhou C, Tsai TH, Schmitt J, Huang Q, Mashimo H, Fujimoto JG. Three-dimensional endomicroscopy of the human colon using optical coherence tomography. OPTICS EXPRESS 2009; 17:784-96. [PMID: 19158891 PMCID: PMC2886288 DOI: 10.1364/oe.17.000784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) endomicroscopy imaging of the human gastrointestinal tract is demonstrated in vivo using a swept source optical coherence tomography (OCT) system. 3D datasets of normal and pathologic regions of the colon, rectum, and anal verge were obtained from seven volunteers undergoing diagnostic or therapeutic colonoscopy. 3D-OCT enables high resolution endomicroscopy examination through visualization of tissue architectural morphology using virtual cross-sectional images with arbitrary orientations as well as en face projection images. Axial image resolutions of 6 mum in tissue are obtained over a approximately 180 mm2 field with an imaging range of 1.6 mm. A Fourier domain mode locked (FDML) laser providing a tuning range of 180 nm at a sweep rate of 62 kHz is used as the system light source. This clinical pilot study demonstrates the potential of 3D-OCT for distinguishing normal from pathologic colorectal tissue, assessing endoscopic therapies and healing progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Desmond C. Adler
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, and Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
| | - Chao Zhou
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, and Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
| | - Tsung-Han Tsai
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, and Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
| | - Joe Schmitt
- LightLab Imaging Inc., Westford, Massachusetts 01886
| | - Qin Huang
- Veterans Affairs Boston Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts 02130
- Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
| | - Hiroshi Mashimo
- Veterans Affairs Boston Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts 02130
- Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
| | - James G. Fujimoto
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, and Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
- Corresponding Author:
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Bazant-Hegemark F, Edey K, Swingler GR, Read MD, Stone N. Review: Optical Micrometer Resolution Scanning for Non-invasive Grading of Precancer in the Human Uterine Cervix. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2008; 7:483-96. [DOI: 10.1177/153303460800700610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Management of cervical precancer is archetypal for other cancer prevention programmes but has to consider diagnostic and logistic challenges. Numerous optical tools are emerging for non-destructive near real-time early diagnosis of precancerous lesions of the cervix. Non-destructive, real-time imaging modalities have reached pre-commercial status, but high resolution mapping tools are not yet introduced in clinical settings. The NCBI PubMed web page was searched using the keywords ‘CIN diagnosis’ and the combinations of ‘cervix {confocal, optical coherence tomography, ftir, infrared, Raman, vibrational, spectroscopy}’. Suitable titles were identified and their relevant references followed. Challenges in precancer management are discussed. The following tools capable of non-destructive high resolution mapping in a clinical environment were selected: confocal microscopy, optical coherence tomography, IR spectroscopy, and Raman spectroscopy. Findings on the clinical performance of these techniques are put into context in order to assist the reader in judging the likely performance of these methods as diagnostic tools. Rationale for carrying out research under the prospect of the HPV vaccine is given.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Bazant-Hegemark
- Cranfield Health Cranfield University at Silsoe Bedfordshire MK45 4DT, UK
- Biophotonics Research Group Gloucestershire Royal Hospital Great Western Road Gloucester GL1 3NN, UK
| | - Katharine Edey
- Women's Health Directorate Gloucestershire Royal Hospital Great Western Road Gloucester GL1 3NN, UK
| | - Gordon R. Swingler
- Women's Health Directorate Gloucestershire Royal Hospital Great Western Road Gloucester GL1 3NN, UK
| | - Mike D. Read
- Women's Health Directorate Gloucestershire Royal Hospital Great Western Road Gloucester GL1 3NN, UK
| | - Nicholas Stone
- Cranfield Health Cranfield University at Silsoe Bedfordshire MK45 4DT, UK
- Biophotonics Research Group Gloucestershire Royal Hospital Great Western Road Gloucester GL1 3NN, UK
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Testoni PA, Mangiavillano B. Optical coherence tomography in detection of dysplasia and cancer of the gastrointestinal tract and bilio-pancreatic ductal system. World J Gastroenterol 2008; 14:6444-52. [PMID: 19030194 PMCID: PMC2773328 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.14.6444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is an optical imaging modality that performs high-resolution, cross-sectional, subsurface tomographic imaging of the microstructure of tissues. The physical principle of OCT is similar to that of B-mode ultrasound imaging, except that it uses infrared light waves rather than acoustic waves. The in vivo resolution is 10-25 times better (about 10 μm) than with high-frequency ultrasound imaging, but the depth of penetration is limited to 1-3 mm, depending upon tissue structure, depth of focus of the probe used, and pressure applied to the tissue surface. In the last decade, OCT technology has evolved from an experimental laboratory tool to a new diagnostic imaging modality with a wide spectrum of clinical applications in medical practice, including the gastrointestinal (GI) tract and pancreatic-biliary ductal system. OCT imaging from the GI tract can be done in humans by using narrow-diameter, catheter-based probes that can be inserted through the accessory channel of either a conventional front-view endoscope, for investigating the epithelial structure of the GI tract, or a side-view endoscope, inside a standard transparent ERCP catheter, for investigating the pancreatico-biliary ductal system. Esophagus and the esophago-gastric junction has been the most widely investigated organ so far; more recently, also duodenum, colon and pancreatico-biliary ductal system have been extensively investigated. OCT imaging of the gastro-intestinal wall structure is characterized by a multiple-layer architecture that permits an accurate evaluation of the mucosa, lamina propria, muscularis mucosae, and part of the submucosa. The technique may be, therefore, used to identify pre-neoplastic conditions of the GI tract, such as Barrett's epithelium and dysplasia, and evaluate the depth of penetration of early-stage neoplastic lesions. OCT imaging of the pancreatic and biliary ductal system could improve the diagnostic accuracy for ductal epithelial changes and the differential diagnosis between neoplastic and non-neoplastic lesions.
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Emerging technologies in upper gastrointestinal endoscopy and celiac disease. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 6:47-56. [PMID: 19002131 DOI: 10.1038/ncpgasthep1298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2008] [Accepted: 10/06/2008] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Despite advances in our knowledge of celiac disease, the most current and authoritative recommendations conclude that diagnosis requires at least four biopsy specimens to be taken from the duodenal area. These recommendations are based on the perception that classic endoscopic markers are not adequate to target biopsy sampling to sites of villous damage in the duodenum. In the past few years, newly developed procedures and technologies have improved endoscopic recognition of the duodenum. These advances make possible the real-time recognition of the duodenal villous pattern during an upper endoscopy procedure, and thereby have the potential to optimize diagnostic accuracy. It is, therefore, reasonable to hypothesize that upper endoscopy might have a more incisive role in the diagnosis of celiac disease than merely providing a means of obtaining biopsy specimens for histological analysis. This Review highlights the new technologies in the field of upper endoscopy that could be helpful for the diagnosis of celiac disease, including the water-immersion technique, chromoendoscopy, high-resolution magnification endoscopy, optimal band imaging, optical coherence tomography and confocal endomicroscopy.
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Suter MJ, Vakoc BJ, Yachimski PS, Shishkov M, Lauwers GY, Mino-Kenudson M, Bouma BE, Nishioka NS, Tearney GJ. Comprehensive microscopy of the esophagus in human patients with optical frequency domain imaging. Gastrointest Endosc 2008; 68:745-53. [PMID: 18926183 PMCID: PMC2715833 DOI: 10.1016/j.gie.2008.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2008] [Accepted: 05/05/2008] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a cross-sectional, high-resolution imaging modality that has been shown to accurately differentiate esophageal specialized intestinal metaplasia (SIM) from gastric cardia at the squamocolumnar junction (SCJ) and diagnose high-grade dysplasia and intramucosal carcinoma in patients with SIM. The clinical utility of OCT has been limited, however, by its inability to acquire images over large areas. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to use recently developed high-speed OCT technology, termed optical frequency domain imaging (OFDI), and a new balloon-centering catheter (2.5 cm diameter) to demonstrate the feasibility of large area, comprehensive optical microscopy of the entire distal esophagus (approximately 6.0 cm) in patients. DESIGN A pilot feasibility study. SETTING Massachusetts General Hospital. PATIENTS Twelve patients undergoing routine EGD. RESULTS Comprehensive microscopy of the distal esophagus was successfully performed in 10 patients with the OFDI system and balloon catheter. There were no complications resulting from the imaging procedure. Volumetric data sets were acquired in less than 2 minutes. OFDI images at the SCJ showed a variety of microscopic features that were consistent with histopathologic findings, including squamous mucosa, cardia, SIM with and without dysplasia, and esophageal erosion. LIMITATIONS Inability to obtain direct correlation of OFDI data and histopathologic diagnoses. CONCLUSIONS Comprehensive volumetric microscopy of the human distal esophagus was successfully demonstrated with OFDI and a balloon-centering catheter, providing a wealth of detailed information about the structure of the esophageal wall. This technique will support future studies to compare OFDI image information with histopathologic diagnoses.
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Wang H, Jenkins MW, Rollins AM. A Combined Multiple-SLED Broadband Light Source at 1300 nm for High Resolution Optical Coherence Tomography. OPTICS COMMUNICATIONS 2008; 281:10.1016/j.optcom.2007.08.073. [PMID: 24347689 PMCID: PMC3858014 DOI: 10.1016/j.optcom.2007.08.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate a compact, inexpensive, and reliable fiber-coupled light source with broad bandwidth and sufficient power at 1300 nm for high resolution optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging in real-time applications. By combining four superluminescent diodes (SLEDs) with different central wavelengths, the light source has a bandwidth of 145 nm centered at 1325 nm with over 10 mW of power. OCT images of an excised stage 30 embryonic chick heart acquired with our combined SLED light source (<5 μm axial resolution in tissue) are compared with images obtained with a single SLED source (~10 μm axial resolution in tissue). The high resolution OCT system with the combined SLED light source provides better image quality (smaller speckle noise) and a greater ability to observe fine structures in the embryonic heart.
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Vincent KL, Bell BA, Rosenthal SL, Stanberry LR, Bourne N, Sweeney YTC, Patton DL, Motamedi M. Application of optical coherence tomography for monitoring changes in cervicovaginal epithelial morphology in macaques: potential for assessment of microbicide safety. Sex Transm Dis 2008; 35:269-75. [PMID: 18091028 DOI: 10.1097/olq.0b013e31815abad8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Safety is a primary concern in the development of topical microbicides. Optical coherence tomography (OCT), a high-resolution, in-depth cross-sectional imaging modality, was utilized in conjunction with colposcopy to assess induced cervicovaginal epithelial changes that may predict product safety. STUDY DESIGN OCT and colposcopic images of macaque vaginal and cervical tissues were obtained in excised tissue and in vivo under various conditions, including mechanical injury and nonoxynol-9 treatment. RESULTS A scoring system was developed to categorize and quantify the OCT images based on morphologic features that indicate the presence or absence of an intact epithelial layer and inflammation. Using 3 categories (normal, mild to moderately abnormal, and severely abnormal), differences between healthy and injured tissue were apparent on OCT images. Normal images (category 1) had a bilayered structure representative of the epithelium and submucosa. Mild to moderately abnormal images (category 2) had areas of normal and abnormal epithelium. Severely abnormal images (category 3) had complete loss of the epithelium and/or inflammation, with loss of the bilayered structure on OCT. CONCLUSIONS OCT is a noninvasive imaging modality complementary to colposcopy. It distinguished between normal and abnormal (or injured) tissue and thus holds promise for safety evaluations of candidate microbicides and other vaginal products.
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Masci E, Mangiavillano B, Albarello L, Mariani A, Doglioni C, Testoni PA. Pilot study on the correlation of optical coherence tomography with histology in celiac disease and normal subjects. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2007; 22:2256-60. [PMID: 18031391 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1746.2006.04725.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Celiac disease (CD) is a common condition but often it goes unrecognized because characteristic histopathological abnormalities must be found to confirm the diagnosis. A way is needed to select patients who need biopsy of the duodenal mucosa to detect CD. No data are currently available on the use of in vivo optical coherence tomography (OCT), during real-time endoscopic imaging, in the small intestine and, particularly, in the diagnosis of CD. The aim of the present study was to test the utility of OCT in patients undergoing esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) for histological diagnosis. METHODS Eighteen patients with suspected CD (positive for antigliadin, antiendomysial and antitransglutaminase antibodies) and 22 dyspeptic subjects (negative for these antibodies) who were also examined by EGD, were prospectively enrolled. OCT scans of descending duodenum were taken during diagnostic EGD, with biopsies of the same duodenal area. OCT images and histological specimens were evaluated blindly, analysis being done independently by a gastroenterologist and a pathologist. Three patterns of intestinal villous morphology were considered (1, no atrophy; 2, mild atrophy; 3, marked atrophy). RESULTS Concordance was total between OCT and histology for villi morphology in both patients and normal subjects. CONCLUSIONS OCT appears to be a promising method for correctly identifying villous atrophy; it may help in selecting patients for intestinal biopsies, considering the limited usefulness of endoscopic criteria, and may also help the endoscopist to perform target biopsies in mucosal areas where the villi are damaged or absent, considering that CD often causes patchy mucosal lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enzo Masci
- Gastroenterology and Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Unit, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University-IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy.
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Liu JTC, Mandella MJ, Friedland S, Soetikno R, Crawford JM, Contag CH, Kino GS, Wang TD. Dual-axes confocal reflectance microscope for distinguishing colonic neoplasia. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2006; 11:054019. [PMID: 17092168 PMCID: PMC2104521 DOI: 10.1117/1.2363363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
A dual-axes confocal reflectance microscope has been developed that utilizes a narrowband laser at 1310 nm to achieve high axial resolution, image contrast, field of view, and tissue penetration for distinguishing among normal, hyperplastic, and dysplastic colonic mucosa ex vivo. Light is collected off-axis using a low numerical aperture objective to obtain vertical image sections, with 4- to 5-microm resolution, at tissue depths up to 610 microm. Post-objective scanning enables a large field of view (610 x 640 microm), and balanced-heterodyne detection provides sensitivity to collect vertical sections at one frame per second. System optics are optimized to effectively reject out-of-focus scattered light without use of a low-coherence gate. This design is scalable to millimeter dimensions, and the results demonstrate the potential for a miniature instrument to detect precancerous tissues, and hence to perform in vivo histopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan T C Liu
- Ginzton Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA.
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