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Hirani AAA, Ismail FW, Abdulaziz F, Barolia R, Begum D, Kamani L. The Effects of Music Therapy on Patients Undergoing Colonoscopy in a Tertiary Care Hospital at Karachi, Pakistan: A Comparative Study. J Pain Palliat Care Pharmacother 2024; 38:233-243. [PMID: 38829687 DOI: 10.1080/15360288.2024.2357551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
A colonoscopy is a procedure commonly used for the diagnosis of colorectal diseases but may be associated with high levels of anxiety and discomfort, which can lead to complications during sedation and decreased patient comfort and cooperation. This study was conducted at a tertiary care hospital in Karachi to assess the effectiveness of music therapy on pre-procedural anxiety, sedation requirements, pain, and procedure duration among patients undergoing colonoscopies. This comparative study included 110 outpatients. The intervention arm received non-lyrical soft music through earphones before and during the colonoscopy procedure, while the control group did not receive any music. In the intervention arm, significant reductions were seen in pre-procedural anxiety scores (p < 0.001), physiological measures (p < 0.001), sedation doses (p < 0.001), and procedure durations (p < 0.05). Control arm showed an increase in heart rate and systolic blood pressure (p < 0.001). Pain scores were similar for both groups. Music therapy is an effective tool to reduce patient anxiety pre- procedure. It is a simple, safe, and noninvasive relaxing intervention that could be used as an adjunct to sedative medications before and during the colonoscopy procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Faisal W Ismail
- Department of Gastroenterology, Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan
| | | | - Rubina Barolia
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Dilshad Begum
- Clinical Trials Unit, Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Lubna Kamani
- Department of Gastroenterology, Liaquat National Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan
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Albersheim M, Huyke-Hernández FA, Doxey SA, Parikh HR, Boden AL, Hernández-Irizarry RC, Horrigan PB, Quinnan SM, Cunningham BP. Audio Distraction for Traction Pin Insertion: A Prospective Randomized Controlled Study. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2024; 106:1069-1075. [PMID: 38598604 DOI: 10.2106/jbjs.23.01143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Insertion of a skeletal traction pin in the distal femur or proximal tibia can be a painful and unpleasant experience for patients with a lower-extremity fracture. The purpose of this study was to determine whether providing patients with audio distraction (AD) during traction pin insertion can help to improve the patient-reported and the physician-reported experience and decrease pain and/or anxiety during the procedure. METHODS A prospective randomized controlled trial was conducted at 2 level-I trauma centers. Patients ≥18 years of age who were conscious and oriented and had a medical need for skeletal traction were included. Patients were randomized to receive AD or not receive AD during the procedure. All other procedure protocols were standardized and were the same for both groups. Surveys were completed by the patient and the physician immediately following the procedure. Patients rated their overall experience, pain, and anxiety during the procedure, and physicians rated the difficulty of the procedure, both on a 1-to-10 Likert scale. RESULTS A total of 54 patients met the inclusion criteria. Twenty-eight received AD and 26 did not. Femoral fractures were the most common injury (33 of 55, 60.0%). Baseline demographic characteristics did not differ between the 2 groups. The overall patient-reported procedure experience was similar between the AD and no-AD groups (3.9 ± 2.9 [95% confidence interval (CI), 3.1 to 4.7] versus 3.5 ± 2.2 [95% CI, 2.9 to 4.1], respectively; p = 0.55), as was pain (5.3 ± 3.2 [95% CI, 4.4 to 6.2] versus 6.1 ± 2.4 [95% CI, 5.4 to 6.8]; p = 0.28). However, anxiety levels were lower in the AD group (4.8 ± 3.3 [95% CI, 3.9 to 5.7] versus 7.1 ± 2.8 [95% CI, 6.3 to 7.9]; p = 0.007). Physician-reported procedure difficulty was similar between the groups (2.6 ± 2.0 [95% CI, 2.1 to 3.1] versus 2.8 ± 1.7 [95% CI, 2.3 to 3.3]; p = 0.69). CONCLUSIONS AD is a practical, low-cost intervention that may reduce patient anxiety during lower-extremity skeletal traction pin insertion. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Therapeutic Level I . See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Albersheim
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Fernando A Huyke-Hernández
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Park Nicollet Methodist Hospital, St. Louis Park, Minnesota
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, TRIA Orthopaedic Institute, Bloomington, Minnesota
| | - Stephen A Doxey
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Park Nicollet Methodist Hospital, St. Louis Park, Minnesota
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, TRIA Orthopaedic Institute, Bloomington, Minnesota
| | - Harsh R Parikh
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, TRIA Orthopaedic Institute, Bloomington, Minnesota
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, HealthPartners Regions Hospital, St. Paul, Minnesota
| | - Allison L Boden
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
| | | | - Patrick B Horrigan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, HealthPartners Regions Hospital, St. Paul, Minnesota
| | | | - Brian P Cunningham
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Park Nicollet Methodist Hospital, St. Louis Park, Minnesota
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, TRIA Orthopaedic Institute, Bloomington, Minnesota
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Aksu Ç. Effects of Music on Anxiety, Pain, and Comfort in Patients Undergoing Upper Endoscopy: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Gastroenterol Nurs 2023; 46:428-435. [PMID: 37678807 DOI: 10.1097/sga.0000000000000782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Although upper gastrointestinal endoscopy is an important diagnostic procedure in the detection of diseases, it can cause discomfort and anxiety in patients. This study is a randomized controlled trial conducted to determine the effects of listening to music on the anxiety, pain, and comfort levels of patients undergoing upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. The patients were randomly divided into the intervention group ( n = 40), who listened to music for 45 minutes before upper gastrointestinal endoscopy, and the control group ( n = 40), which did not receive any intervention other than routine nursing care. It was observed that the pain and anxiety levels of the patients who listened to music before the procedure decreased, and their comfort levels and ease of the procedure increased. In order to reduce the pain and anxiety of patients who will undergo upper gastrointestinal endoscopy, increase the success of the procedure, and facilitate patient-doctor cooperation, encouraging patients to listen to music while awaiting the procedure can be effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Çiǧdem Aksu
- Çiǧdem Aksu, is Assistant Professor at Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Science, Gaziantep Islamıc Science and Technology University, Gaziantep, Turkey
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Wehrmann T, Riphaus A, Eckardt AJ, Klare P, Kopp I, von Delius S, Rosien U, Tonner PH. Updated S3 Guideline "Sedation for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy" of the German Society of Gastroenterology, Digestive and Metabolic Diseases (DGVS) - June 2023 - AWMF-Register-No. 021/014. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR GASTROENTEROLOGIE 2023; 61:e654-e705. [PMID: 37813354 DOI: 10.1055/a-2165-6388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Till Wehrmann
- Clinic for Gastroenterology, DKD Helios Clinic Wiesbaden, Wiesbaden, Germany
| | - Andrea Riphaus
- Internal Medicine, St. Elisabethen Hospital Frankfurt Artemed SE, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Alexander J Eckardt
- Clinic for Gastroenterology, DKD Helios Clinic Wiesbaden, Wiesbaden, Germany
| | - Peter Klare
- Department Internal Medicine - Gastroenterology, Diabetology, and Hematology/Oncology, Hospital Agatharied, Hausham, Germany
| | - Ina Kopp
- Association of the Scientific Medical Societies in Germany e.V. (AWMF), Berlin, Germany
| | - Stefan von Delius
- Medical Clinic II - Internal Medicine - Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology, Hematology, and Oncology, RoMed Clinic Rosenheim, Rosenheim, Germany
| | - Ulrich Rosien
- Medical Clinic, Israelite Hospital, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Peter H Tonner
- Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Clinic Leer, Leer, Germany
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Cakir SK, Evirgen S. Three Distraction Methods for Pain Reduction During Colonoscopy: A Randomized Controlled Trial Evaluating the Effects on Pain and Anxiety. J Perianesth Nurs 2023; 38:e1-e7. [PMID: 37565937 DOI: 10.1016/j.jopan.2023.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to compare the effects of distraction methods on pain, anxiety, and satisfaction during a colonoscopy. DESIGN This experimental research was conducted as a single-center, randomized, parallel-group trial. METHODS A total of 120 patients were recruited and randomized into 4 groups (music, stress ball, audiovisual distraction, and control). The data were collected using individual an identification form, observation form, the Visual Analog Scale, and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. FINDINGS Pain severity during colonoscopy was found to be lower in the intervention (music and audiovisual distraction) groups compared to the stress ball and control groups (P < .001).There was no statistically significant difference between the pre- and postanxiety levels in the intervention groups compared to the control group. After the colonoscopy, satisfaction levels were significantly higher in the music group compared to the audiovisual, control, and stress ball groups (P < .001). CONCLUSIONS Distraction methods used during colonoscopy were found to reduce pain. Although sedation is widely used during a colonoscopy procedure and is accepted as a general standard, music and VR can be used as effective alternative strategies in reducing pain for colonoscopy patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selda Karaveli Cakir
- Nursing Department, Health Science Faculty, Kastamonu University, Kastamonu, Turkey.
| | - Sami Evirgen
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kastamonu University, Medical School, Kastamonu, Turkey
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Wehrmann T, Riphaus A, Eckardt AJ, Klare P, Kopp I, von Delius S, Rosien U, Tonner PH. Aktualisierte S3-Leitlinie „Sedierung in der gastrointestinalen Endoskopie“ der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Gastroenterologie, Verdauungs- und Stoffwechselkrankheiten (DGVS). ZEITSCHRIFT FUR GASTROENTEROLOGIE 2023; 61:1246-1301. [PMID: 37678315 DOI: 10.1055/a-2124-5333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Till Wehrmann
- Klinik für Gastroenterologie, DKD Helios Klinik Wiesbaden, Wiesbaden, Deutschland
| | - Andrea Riphaus
- Innere Medizin, St. Elisabethen Krankenhaus Frankfurt Artemed SE, Frankfurt, Deutschland
| | - Alexander J Eckardt
- Klinik für Gastroenterologie, DKD Helios Klinik Wiesbaden, Wiesbaden, Deutschland
| | - Peter Klare
- Abteilung Innere Medizin - Gastroenterologie, Diabetologie und Hämato-/Onkologie, Krankenhaus Agatharied, Hausham, Deutschland
| | - Ina Kopp
- Arbeitsgemeinschaft der Wissenschaftlichen Medizinischen Fachgesellschaften e. V. (AWMF), Berlin, Deutschland
| | - Stefan von Delius
- Medizinische Klinik II - Innere Medizin - Gastroenterologie, Hepatologie, Endokrinologie, Hämatologie und Onkologie, RoMed Klinikum Rosenheim, Rosenheim, Deutschland
| | - Ulrich Rosien
- Medizinische Klinik, Israelitisches Krankenhaus, Hamburg, Deutschland
| | - Peter H Tonner
- Anästhesie- und Intensivmedizin, Klinikum Leer, Leer, Deutschland
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Donghia R, Convertino S, Grasso M, Manghisi A, Di Masi M, Liso M. Effect of music therapy in patients undergoing endoscopy: pilot study of anxiety, pain, and cardiopulmonary parameters. Br J Surg 2023:7194273. [PMID: 37307422 DOI: 10.1093/bjs/znad176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rossella Donghia
- National Institute of Gastroenterology-IRCCS "Saverio de Bellis", Castellana Grotte, Italy
| | - Silvia Convertino
- National Institute of Gastroenterology-IRCCS "Saverio de Bellis", Castellana Grotte, Italy
| | - Marco Grasso
- National Institute of Gastroenterology-IRCCS "Saverio de Bellis", Castellana Grotte, Italy
| | - Andrea Manghisi
- National Institute of Gastroenterology-IRCCS "Saverio de Bellis", Castellana Grotte, Italy
| | - Marta Di Masi
- National Institute of Gastroenterology-IRCCS "Saverio de Bellis", Castellana Grotte, Italy
| | - Marina Liso
- National Institute of Gastroenterology-IRCCS "Saverio de Bellis", Castellana Grotte, Italy
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Gauba A, Ramachandra MN, Saraogi M, Geraghty R, Hameed BMZ, Abumarzouk O, Somani BK. Music reduces patient-reported pain and anxiety and should be routinely offered during flexible cystoscopy: Outcomes of a systematic review. Arab J Urol 2021; 19:480-487. [PMID: 34881066 PMCID: PMC8648029 DOI: 10.1080/2090598x.2021.1894814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To conduct a systematic review of the literature to assess whether music reduces the use of analgesics and anxiolytics during flexible cystoscopy. Methods: The systematic review was performed in line with the Cochrane guidelines and Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) checklist. The databases searched included the Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (MEDLINE), Scopus, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), Clinicaltrials.gov, the Excerpta Medica dataBASE (EMBASE), Cochrane library, Google Scholar, and Web of Science from inception of the databases to February 2020. The primary outcome measure was the effect of music on pain and anxiety, and secondary outcome measures were patient heart rate and blood pressure. Results: The initial search yielded 234 articles and after going through titles and abstracts, four studies (399 patients, 199 in the music group and 200 in no music group) were included for the final review. There were three randomised controlled trials and one prospective study published between 2014 and 2017. These studies were done in China, the USA and Italy, with the study duration between 9 and 24 months. All patients had 2% topical lignocaine jelly given per-urethra before the procedure. The choice of music was classical in three studies and a mixture of different music types in one study. Three of the four studies showed significantly reduced pain and anxiety with the use of music for flexible cystoscopy procedures. Heart rate was noted to be higher for the no music group, reflecting a higher pain perceived by these patients. Conclusion: The present review showed that listening to music was associated with reduced anxiety and pain during flexible cystoscopy. Listening to music is therefore likely to increase procedural satisfaction and willingness to undergo the procedure again, considering repeated flexible cystoscopy is often needed for surveillance. As music is simple, inexpensive and easily accessible, it should be routinely offered to patients for outpatient and office-based urological procedures. Abbreviations: IQR: interquartile range; NRS: numerical rating scale; PTSD: post-traumatic stress disorder; RCT: randomised control trial; STAI: State–trait Anxiety Inventory; VAS: visual analogue scale
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Affiliation(s)
- Anusha Gauba
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Southampton NHS Trust, Southampton, UK
| | | | - Mansi Saraogi
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Southampton NHS Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - Robert Geraghty
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Southampton NHS Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - B M Zeeshan Hameed
- Department of Urology, Kasturba Medical College Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Omar Abumarzouk
- Department of Surgery, Hamad General Hospital, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Bhaskar K Somani
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Southampton NHS Trust, Southampton, UK
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McClintock G, Wong E, Mancuso P, Lalak N, Gassner P, Haghighi K, Rathore P, McAulay L, Jeffery N. Music during flexible cystoscopy for pain and anxiety - a patient-blinded randomised control trial. BJU Int 2021; 128 Suppl 1:27-32. [PMID: 34174137 DOI: 10.1111/bju.15527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess the role of music in reducing the pain and anxiety associated with flexible cystoscopy using a blinded trial design. PATIENTS AND METHODS A patient-blinded randomised control trial of music during flexible cystoscopy was performed comparing the pain, measured by visual analogue scale (VAS), anxiety, measured by the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), and vital signs of 109 patients across two public hospitals in New South Wales, Australia. The purpose and hypothesis of the study was concealed from patients until after results had been collected. RESULTS There were no statistically significant differences detected between the No Music and Music groups in VAS pain score (mean [SD] 2.04 [1.94] vs 2.10 [1.90], P = 0.86), change in STAI anxiety score (mean [SD] 4.87 [9.87] vs 6.8 [11.07], P = 0.33) or post-procedural vital signs (mean [SD] heart rate 74 [14] vs 72 [13] beats/min, P = 0.66; systolic blood pressure 144 [20] vs 141 [19] mmHg, P = 0.47) between the two groups. CONCLUSION Music does not appear to decrease perceived pain or anxiety when used during flexible cystoscopy. These findings may differ from the literature due to several factors, most significantly blinding of participants, but also potentially due to the ethnic composition of the study population or lack of choice of music.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eddy Wong
- Liverpool Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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The Effect of Music Listening on Pain in Adults Undergoing Colonoscopy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Perianesth Nurs 2021; 36:573-580.e1. [PMID: 33994100 DOI: 10.1016/j.jopan.2020.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the role of music listening in reducing pain in adults undergoing colonoscopy. DESIGN This is a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized control trials (RCTs) that evaluated the effect of music in reducing pain in adults undergoing colonoscopy. METHODS We searched CINAHL, Embase, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, and PubMed for RCTs that reported on the effects of music listening in reducing pain in adult patients undergoing colonoscopy from database inception to March 15, 2020, when the search was completed. Studies published in English with adult participants testing the efficacy of music during colonoscopy were eligible for inclusion. Studies reporting the results of combined nonpharmacological interventions were excluded. The methodological quality of each included RCT was assessed using the Cochrane Collaboration tool for assessing the risk of bias. Two authors independently abstracted data and assessed risks of bias. FINDINGS Seven RCTs with a total of 622 adult participants fulfilled our inclusion criteria and were, therefore, included. A random-effects model estimated the summary effect of the 7 included studies as -1.83 ± 0.98, P = 0.06. CONCLUSIONS Although our meta-analysis demonstrated a small treatment effect, this effect was clinically not statistically significant. Substantial heterogeneity among the included trials limits the certainty of our findings. Additional trials investigating the effects of listening to music on pain in adults undergoing colonoscopy are needed to generate further evidence to establish the analgesic effect of music in adults undergoing colonoscopy.
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Bay C, Henriquez R, Villarroel L, Gana JC. Effect of music on pediatric endoscopic examinations: a randomized controlled trial. Endosc Int Open 2021; 9:E599-E605. [PMID: 33869733 PMCID: PMC8043808 DOI: 10.1055/a-1352-3244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and study aims The primary objective was to measure the effect of music as an adjunct to sedation in patient anxiety levels during pediatric endoscopic examinations. Patients and methods We performed a single-blind randomized controlled trial comparing music with no music in children aged 2 to 18 years. Anxiety was measured using the Modified Yale Preoperative Anxiety Scale (m-YPAS) and the Visual Analog Anxiety Scale (VAS-anxiety). Patient perception of pain was evaluated with the Wong-Baker Faces Pain Rating Scale (WBFPRS). Patient experience, family satisfaction, and endoscopist perception of difficulty were evaluated. Sedative doses were recorded. Results A total of 51 children were randomized to the experimental group and 49 children to the control group. The mean ages were 10.5 years and 12.3 years, respectively. There were 63 % female subjects with no differences between groups. Overall, there were 85 upper endoscopies and 15 colonoscopies. In the recovery unit, the experimental group had lower average m-YPAS scores (mean score 27.7 vs 34.7; P < 0.001), a higher proportion of them had low m-YPAS scores (80 % vs 49 % P < 0.001), had lower VAS-anxiety scores [mean score 0.55 vs 1.57 ( P = 0.003)], and had lower WBFPRS scores [mean score 2.7 vs 1.3 ( P = 0.001)]. There were no statistically significant differences found in the amount of standard sedation given to the groups, nor in additional sedation administered. In the experimental group, the patient-reported experience was significantly better. Conclusions The study results show that music reduces anxiety and pain associated with endoscopic procedures in children. It also facilitates these procedures and improves patient satisfaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constanza Bay
- Department of Pediatrics, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Chile
| | - Romina Henriquez
- Endoscopy Unit, Center of Medical Specialties, Red de Salud UC Christus, Chile
| | - Luis Villarroel
- Department of Public Health, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Chile
| | - Juan Cristóbal Gana
- Department of Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Division of Pediatrics, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Chile
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Schaal NK, Brückner J, Wolf OT, Ruckhäberle E, Fehm T, Hepp P. The effects of a music intervention during port catheter placement on anxiety and stress. Sci Rep 2021; 11:5807. [PMID: 33707520 PMCID: PMC7970967 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-85139-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies have shown that perioperative music interventions can reduce patients' anxiety levels. However, in small operations like port catheter surgery evidence is sparse. The present single-blinded, randomised controlled two-armed study included 84 female patients undergoing port catheter placement who were randomly assigned to either listening to music during surgery vs. no music intervention. The medical staff was blind to group allocation. On the day of the surgery anxiety and stress levels were evaluated using subjective (STAI questionnaire, visual analogue scales) and objective (vital parameters, salivary cortisol) parameters at different time points (before the surgery, at the end of the surgery and 1 h post-surgery). The music group showed significant reductions of systolic blood pressure (from 136.5 mmHg ± 26.1 to 123.3 mmHg ± 22.0, p = .002) and heart rate (from 75.6 bpm ± 12.3 to 73.1 bpm ± 12.2, p = .035) from beginning of the surgery to skin suture, whereas the control group did not. No significant effects of the music intervention on subjective anxiety measures or salivary cortisol were revealed. In sum, the study demonstrates that a music intervention during port catheter placement positively influences physiological anxiety levels, whereas no effects were revealed for subjective anxiety and salivary cortisol. Thus, music can be considered as a low cost addition in clinical routine in order to reduce patients' heart rate and blood pressure. Future studies are encouraged to further explore the differential effects of intraoperative music interventions on physiological, endocrinological and subjective anxiety levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nora K Schaal
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Heinrich-Heine-University, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Johanna Brückner
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Heinrich-Heine-University, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Oliver T Wolf
- Department of Cognitive Psychology, Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, Faculty of Psychology, Ruhr-University, Bochum, Germany
| | - Eugen Ruckhäberle
- Clinic for Gynecology and Obstetrics, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Tanja Fehm
- Clinic for Gynecology and Obstetrics, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Philip Hepp
- Clinic for Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Clinic, Augsburg, Germany.,Clinic for Gynecology and Obstetrics, HELIOS University Hospital Wuppertal, University Witten/Herdecke, Wuppertal, Germany
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Spagnuolo R, Corea A, Blumetti M, Giovinazzo A, Serafino M, Pagliuso C, Pagnotta R, Curto G, Cosco C, Cosco V, Mancina RM, Garieri P, Papaleo A, Grande L, Barilaro A, Garofalo E, Bruni A, Doldo P. Effects of listening to music in digestive endoscopy: A prospective intervention study led by nursing. J Adv Nurs 2020; 76:2993-3002. [PMID: 32901972 DOI: 10.1111/jan.14516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To explore whether music can reduce anxiety and pain in patients who underwent diagnostic endoscopic examinations in conscious and deep sedation and to assess degree of satisfaction and willingness to repeat the procedure. DESIGN Prospective study led by nursing. METHODS Between March 2019-June 2019, consecutive outpatients undergoing endoscopic examinations were simple matched into four groups: Group 1: conscious sedation with music; Group 2: conscious sedation without music; Group 3: deep sedation with music and Group 4: deep sedation without music. Ten minutes before the procedure, two trainee nurses applied music. State-Trait Anxiety Inventory was used to evaluate anxiety. RESULTS Before and at the end of the procedure, patients who listened to music had a lower level anxiety than those who did not listen and, also, reported lower pain intensity during procedure. Only within Group 1 median anxiety, measured after the procedure, is lower than that measured before. In the bivariate logistic regression model, pain and listening to music were independent factors for satisfaction and willingness to repeat procedure. CONCLUSION music in digestive endoscopy reduce pain and anxiety in conscious sedation, thus could be used to reduce anxiety in support to conscious sedation leading to lower usage of deep sedation and consequently reduction of costs and adverse events. IMPACT Anxiety in digestive endoscopy limits patients' satisfaction. Music in digestive endoscopy as a specific nursing intervention could reduce anxiety of patients. This nursing intervention study confirms positive effect of music in digestive endoscopy. As part of nursing management, the addition of music to daily care practice in digestive endoscopy may reduce anxiety and increase the patient's degree of satisfaction. Use of music could limit deep sedation use in digestive endoscopy with consequent reduction of risks for patients, execution times, and costs of procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocco Spagnuolo
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University 'Magna Graecia', Catanzaro, Italy
- School of Nursing, University 'Magna Graecia', Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Alessandro Corea
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University 'Magna Graecia', Catanzaro, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Grazia Curto
- University Medical Hopsital 'Mater Domini', Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Cristina Cosco
- University Medical Hopsital 'Mater Domini', Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Cosco
- University Medical Hopsital 'Mater Domini', Catanzaro, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Laura Grande
- Department of Abdominal Surgery, S. Rita Clinic, Vercelli, Italy
| | - Anna Barilaro
- University Medical Hopsital 'Mater Domini', Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Eugenio Garofalo
- Department of Surgical and Medical Sciences, University 'Magna Graecia', Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Andrea Bruni
- Department of Surgical and Medical Sciences, University 'Magna Graecia', Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Patrizia Doldo
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University 'Magna Graecia', Catanzaro, Italy
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Mari A, Khoury T, Mahajnah M, Kadah A, Ahmad HS, Baker FA, Pellicano R, Mahamid M, Sbeit W. Pre-endoscopic tachycardia predicts increased sedation dose and lower adenoma detection rate in patients undergoing endoscopic procedures: a case control study. Minerva Med 2020; 111:115-119. [PMID: 32166934 DOI: 10.23736/s0026-4806.20.06468-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tachycardia prior to endoscopic procedures is commonly encountered which reflect patient anxiety status. Despite this frequent occurrence, it is unclear if in a patient with tachycardia sedation dose should be modified. The aim of our study was to assess the effect of pre-endoscopic tachycardia on sedation dose. METHODS A retrospective analysis of all patients who underwent upper endoscopy and colonoscopy at EMMS Nazareth hospital were performed. We excluded patients with diseases and medications affecting the heart rate. RESULTS A total of 2855 patients were included in the study. Two-hundred and thirty-seven patients had tachycardia before endoscopy (8.3%, group A) as compared to 2618 (group B) patients who had heart rate ≤100 beats per minute. The mean dosage of propofol in group A was significantly higher (62.6±33.2 mg vs. 57.4±29.9 mg) than in group B (P=0.01). There was no difference in the cecal intubation rate among the two groups (P=0.9). Notably, the adenoma detection rate was significantly lower among group A patients as compared to group B (13.6% vs. 22.8%, P=0.02) patients. There were no sedation related complications. CONCLUSIONS Tachycardia prior to endoscopic procedures was associated with higher sedative dosage and lower adenoma detection rate, however no major complications were recorded. These data should be taken into consideration to optimize procedure quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Mari
- Unit of Gastroenterology and Endoscopy, The Nazareth Hospital, EMMS, Nazareth, Israel -
- Faculty of Medicine in the Galilee, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel -
| | - Tawfik Khoury
- Unit of Gastroenterology and Endoscopy, The Nazareth Hospital, EMMS, Nazareth, Israel
- Faculty of Medicine in the Galilee, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel
- Department of Gastroenterology, Galilee Medical Center, Nahariya, Israel
| | - Muhammad Mahajnah
- Department Internal Medicine, Hillel Yaffe Medical Center, Hadera, Israel
- The Faculty of Medicine Technion, Haifa, Israel
| | - Anas Kadah
- Faculty of Medicine in the Galilee, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel
- Department of Gastroenterology, Galilee Medical Center, Nahariya, Israel
| | - Helal S Ahmad
- Unit of Gastroenterology and Endoscopy, The Nazareth Hospital, EMMS, Nazareth, Israel
- Faculty of Medicine in the Galilee, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel
| | - Fadi A Baker
- The Faculty of Medicine Technion, Haifa, Israel
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hillel Yaffe Medical Center, Hadera, Israel
| | | | - Mahmud Mahamid
- Unit of Gastroenterology and Endoscopy, The Nazareth Hospital, EMMS, Nazareth, Israel
- Faculty of Medicine in the Galilee, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sharee Zedek Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Wisam Sbeit
- Faculty of Medicine in the Galilee, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel
- Department of Gastroenterology, Galilee Medical Center, Nahariya, Israel
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Çelebi D, Yılmaz E, Şahin ST, Baydur H. The effect of music therapy during colonoscopy on pain, anxiety and patient comfort: A randomized controlled trial. Complement Ther Clin Pract 2020; 38:101084. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ctcp.2019.101084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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16
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Heath RD, Parsa N, Matteson-Kome ML, Buescher V, Samiullah S, Nguyen DL, Tahan V, Ghouri YA, Puli SR, Bechtold ML. Use of music during colonoscopy: An updated meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. World J Meta-Anal 2019; 7:428-435. [DOI: 10.13105/wjma.v7.i9.428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Revised: 10/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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17
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Ernsten L, Hepp P, Fehm T, Schaal NK. [Perioperative music-induced analgesia : Comparison of the effect of music on pain between preoperative, intraoperative and postoperative application]. Schmerz 2019; 33:100-105. [PMID: 30411138 DOI: 10.1007/s00482-018-0338-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite suitable analgesia procedures and interventions only approximately 24% of inpatients with strong to very strong pain receive adequate treatment. Besides opioids, which are associated with numerous side effects and risks, non-pharmacological approaches are increasingly being used. In this context, one of the oldest known methods are music interventions; however, the state of evidence is heterogeneous and there are no explicit manuals and recommendations for the effective implementation of music interventions. OBJECTIVE This review aimed to determine the optimal time point at which perioperative music interventions can most effectively relieve pain. MATERIAL AND METHODS A PubMed search was conducted and publications investigating the effect of music during the preoperative, intraoperative and postoperative stages of various interventions were identified. RESULTS During the preoperative phase, only positive effects of music on pain relief have been reported but availability of data is sparse. During the intraoperative stage of a medical intervention the effect of music seems to be mediated by the type of anesthesia procedure and sedation depth. Only patients who can consciously perceive the music seem to profit from it. Positive alleviating effects on subjective pain perception and analgesia needs were shown in the postoperative stage. CONCLUSION Music is a non-pharmacological method to alleviate pain, which is free of side effects. Important considerations for the use of music interventions for relief of acute pain associated with surgery are discussed taking into account numerous mediating factors, which influence the efficacy of the treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Ernsten
- Institut für Experimentelle Psychologie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225, Düsseldorf, Deutschland
| | - P Hepp
- Landesfrauenklinik, Helios Universitätsklinikum Wuppertal, Universität Witten-Herdecke, Wuppertal, Deutschland
| | - T Fehm
- Universitätsfrauenklinik, Heinrich-Heine-Universität, Düsseldorf, Deutschland
| | - N K Schaal
- Institut für Experimentelle Psychologie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225, Düsseldorf, Deutschland.
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18
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Ko SY, Leung DY, Wong EM. Effects of easy listening music intervention on satisfaction, anxiety, and pain in patients undergoing colonoscopy: a pilot randomized controlled trial. Clin Interv Aging 2019; 14:977-986. [PMID: 31213784 PMCID: PMC6549755 DOI: 10.2147/cia.s207191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of an easy listening music intervention on satisfaction, anxiety, pain, sedative and analgesic medication requirements, and physiological parameters in Chinese adult patients undergoing colonoscopy in Hong Kong. Patients and methods: Patients undergoing colonoscopy, aged 45 or older, able to communicate in Chinese, and hemodynamically stable were invited for the study. A randomized controlled trial was adopted. Eligible patients were randomly assigned either to a music group, which received standard care and additional easy listening music (a series of 15 popular non-rock Chinese songs) through earphones and MP3 for 20 mins before and during the procedure, or to a control group which received standard care only. Standard care comprised of all nursing and medical care provided for patients undergoing colonoscopy. Measures comprised of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, visual analog scales of pain level, procedure satisfaction and satisfaction with pain management, the use of sedative and analgesic drugs, heart rate, and blood pressure data were collected at baseline (T0), during (T1) and 30 mins after the procedure (T2). Results: Eighty participants (40 music vs 40 control) completed the study with no attrition. Participants in the music group reported significantly higher levels in both procedure satisfaction (p=0.043) and satisfaction with pain management (p=0.045) than those in the control group. No significant difference was found between groups on anxiety, pain, additional sedative and analgesic use, heart rate, and systolic and diastolic blood pressure (p>0.05). Nevertheless, most participants appreciated the songs provided in MP3 and found it helpful for relaxation during the procedure and would prefer it again (p<0.001). Conclusion: Easy music listening can enhance patients' satisfaction in both procedure and pain management for adults undergoing a colonoscopy procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuk Yee Ko
- Accident and Emergency Department, Tuen Mum Hospital, Tuen Mun, NT, Hong Kong
| | - Doris Yp Leung
- School of Nursing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Eliza Ml Wong
- School of Nursing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong
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19
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Bashiri M, Akçalı D, Coşkun D, Cindoruk M, Dikmen A, Çifdalöz BU. Evaluation of pain and patient satisfaction by music therapy in patients with endoscopy/colonoscopy. TURKISH JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY 2019; 29:574-579. [PMID: 30260780 DOI: 10.5152/tjg.2018.18200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Endoscopy and colonoscopy are frequently performed procedures to evaluate the gastrointestinal system. These procedures are sometimes disturbing and painful for the patient. In gastrointestinal suits, endoscopy and colonoscopy may be performed on awake or sedated patients. Music therapy is a common and non-pharmacological treatment for various medical conditions, pain, and anxiety. The aim of the present study was to add music therapy to sedation administered during endoscopy and colonoscopy. The effect of music treatment on drug consumption, anxiety, and pain was investigated. MATERIALS AND METHODS American Anesthesiologist Association I-III adult patients scheduled for endo/colonoscopy were randomized to music treatment and no music treatment groups. Patients with endoscopic ultrasound and endoscopic retrograde colangiopancreaticography were excluded from the study. Anxiety score and pain severity were evaluated before and after the procedure. Heart rate, mean arterial pressure, and oxygen saturation were recorded before, during, and after the procedure. Total drug consumption was recorded. Patient satisfaction and desire for the same protocol for recurrent procedures were investigated. RESULTS Music therapy added to deep sedation administered by anesthesiologists provided decreased anxiety score and propofol consumption. Patient satisfaction was increased, and patients reported a desire for the same protocol for recurrent procedures. CONCLUSION The present study may serve as the beginning of using music therapy for pain treatment in gastroenterology procedures in our hospital with/without sedation. Music and other non-pharmacological treatment methods must be remembered to increase patient comfort during enco/colonoscopies and other painful procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehrnoosh Bashiri
- Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Gazi University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Didem Akçalı
- Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Gazi University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Demet Coşkun
- Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Gazi University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Cindoruk
- Department of Gastroenterology, Gazi University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Asiye Dikmen
- Department of Public Health, Gazi University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Burçin Uçaner Çifdalöz
- Department of Musicology, Gazi University Turkish Music National Conservatory, Ankara, Turkey
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Li L, Shu W, Li Z, Liu Q, Wang H, Feng B, Ouyang YQ. Using Yoga Nidra Recordings for Pain Management in Patients Undergoing Colonoscopy. Pain Manag Nurs 2019; 20:39-46. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pmn.2018.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Revised: 02/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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21
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The Effect of Classical Turkish Music on Pain Severity and Anxiety Levels in Patients Undergoing Bone Marrow Aspiration and Biopsy. Pain Manag Nurs 2019; 20:82-87. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pmn.2018.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Revised: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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22
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Sogabe M, Okahisa T, Adachi Y, Takehara M, Hamada S, Okazaki J, Fujino Y, Fukuya A, Kagemoto K, Hirao A, Okamoto K, Nakasono M, Takayama T. The influence of various distractions prior to upper gastrointestinal endoscopy: a prospective randomized controlled study. BMC Gastroenterol 2018; 18:132. [PMID: 30157771 PMCID: PMC6114187 DOI: 10.1186/s12876-018-0859-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although many patients still have anxiety about upper gastrointestinal (GI) endoscopy, there have been few reports on the influence of distractions for a person who is going to undergo upper GI endoscopy soon. This study was a prospective randomized controlled study investigating the influence of distractions, such as auditive and visual distractions using subjective and objective assessments including autonomic nervous function prior to upper GI endoscopy. METHODS 206 subjects who underwent upper GI endoscopy as regular health check-ups were divided randomly into 4 groups prior to upper GI endoscopy; group 1 (control group), group 2 (auditive group), group 3 (visual group), and group 4 (combination group). We measured vital signs, autonomic nervous function, profile of mood state (POMS), and the impression for upper GI endoscopy pre- and post-distraction in the 4 groups. RESULTS There was no significant difference in vital signs between 5 and 15 min after sitting in group 1, however, several vital signs in all distraction groups improved significantly after distraction (Pulse rate (P): p < 0.001 in group 4; blood pressure: p < 0.05 in group 2, 3, 4) and the rate of decrease in P and diastolic blood pressure was highest in group 4 (p < 0.001). Several scores of POMS and the impression for upper GI endoscopy post-distraction improved significantly compared to pre-distraction between distraction groups and the satisfaction for distraction was highest in group 4 (p < 0.01). Regarding autonomic nerve function, the low- frequency power/ high- frequency power ratio post-distraction was significantly lower than that pre-distraction in all distraction groups (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Although auditive distraction alone and visual distraction alone were effective, a combination distraction was more effective than any other distraction by subjective and objective assessments. These distractions, which were simple and safe, may play an assistive role in the stability of physical and psychological conditions prior to upper GI endoscopy. TRIAL REGISTRATION This trial was registered in the University Hospital Medical Information Network (UMIN) Clinical Trials Registry as UMIN000022801 . Registered on 10 July 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Sogabe
- Department of Gastroenterology and Oncology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima city, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan. .,Department of Internal Medicine, Shikoku Central Hospital of the Mutual aid Association of Public School teachers, Shikokuchuo, Japan.
| | - Toshiya Okahisa
- Department of Gastroenterology and Oncology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima city, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan.,Department of Internal Medicine, Shikoku Central Hospital of the Mutual aid Association of Public School teachers, Shikokuchuo, Japan
| | - Yuka Adachi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Shikoku Central Hospital of the Mutual aid Association of Public School teachers, Shikokuchuo, Japan
| | - Masanori Takehara
- Department of Gastroenterology and Oncology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima city, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan
| | - Shinichi Hamada
- Department of Internal Medicine, Shikoku Central Hospital of the Mutual aid Association of Public School teachers, Shikokuchuo, Japan
| | - Jun Okazaki
- Department of Gastroenterology and Oncology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima city, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan
| | - Yasuteru Fujino
- Department of Gastroenterology and Oncology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima city, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan
| | - Akira Fukuya
- Department of Gastroenterology and Oncology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima city, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan
| | - Kaizo Kagemoto
- Department of Gastroenterology and Oncology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima city, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan
| | - Akihiro Hirao
- Department of Gastroenterology and Oncology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima city, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan
| | - Koichi Okamoto
- Department of Gastroenterology and Oncology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima city, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan
| | - Masahiko Nakasono
- Department of Internal Medicine, Tsurugi Municipal Handa Hospital, Tsurugi, Japan
| | - Tetsuji Takayama
- Department of Gastroenterology and Oncology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima city, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan
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Cheung CWC, Yee AWW, Chan PS, Saravelos SH, Chung JPW, Cheung LP, Kong GWS, Li TC. The impact of music therapy on pain and stress reduction during oocyte retrieval – a randomized controlled trial. Reprod Biomed Online 2018; 37:145-152. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rbmo.2018.04.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2017] [Revised: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Does Jacobson's relaxation technique reduce consumption of psychotropic and analgesic drugs in cancer patients? A multicenter pre-post intervention study. Altern Ther Health Med 2018; 18:139. [PMID: 29720148 PMCID: PMC5930442 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-018-2200-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Background Cancer patients often suffer from emotional distress as a result of the oncological process. The purpose of our study was to determine whether practice of Jacobson’s relaxation technique reduced consumption of psychotropic and analgesic drugs in a sample of cancer patients. Methods This was a multicenter pre–post intervention design. Participants were 272 patients aged over 18 years attending 10 Spanish public hospitals with oncological pathologies and anxiety symptoms. The intervention consisted of a protocol of abbreviated progressive muscle relaxation training developed by Bernstein and Borkovec. This was followed up by telephone calls over a 1-month period. The intervention was performed between November 2014 and October 2015. Sociodemographic variables related to the oncological process, mental health variables, and intervention characteristics were measured. Results A reduction in the consumption of psychotropic and analgesic drugs was observed throughout the follow-up period. Improvement was observed throughout the 4-week follow-up for all the parameters assessed: anxiety, relaxation, concentration, and mastery of the relaxation technique. Conclusions The practice of abbreviated Jacobson’s relaxation technique can help to decrease the consumption of psychotropic and analgesic drugs. Patients experienced positive changes in all the evaluated parameters, at least during the 1-month follow-up. To confirm these findings, additional long-term studies are needed that include control groups. Trial registration ISRCTN 81335752, DOI 10.1186/ISRCTN81335752 17. Date of registration: 22/11/2016 (retrospectively registered).
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25
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Tolunay T, Bicici V, Tolunay H, Akkurt MO, Arslan AK, Aydogdu A, Bingol I. Rhythm and orthopedics: The effect of music therapy in cast room procedures, a prospective clinical trial. Injury 2018; 49:593-598. [PMID: 29454656 DOI: 10.1016/j.injury.2018.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Revised: 01/02/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cast room procedures generally cause anxiety in patients. Anxiety complicates the procedure as well as increases the risk of a complication. Listening to music was found to be the safest and most common non-drug treatment method. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of listening to music on adult patients in cast room procedures. This study points out the relation between anxiety and anxiety relevant cardiac arrhythmia. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study was performed on 199 patients with stable general condition, aged above 18. The patients were divided into two groups. Randomization method used in the study was coin flip. The first group (Group 1) listened to music during cast room procedures whereby the second group (Group 2) did not listen to music. Length of the procedure, complication, blood pressure and heart rate evaluations before and after the procedure, Visual Analogue Scale (VAS scores for pain), State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) anxiety score, patient satisfaction, willingness of the patient to repeat the procedure, P wave dispersion (Pd) and corrected QT interval dispersion (QTcd) as electrocardiographic arrhythmia predictors were evaluated. The Clinical Research Ethics Committee approval was obtained for this study. RESULTS Significant difference was shown between the two groups for the following criteria: VAS scores (p = 0.005), anxiety scores (p = 0.032), processing time (p = 0.027), and QTcd values (p = 0.031). Patient satisfaction (p < 0.001) and willingness to repeat the procedure (p < 0.001) were higher for the group who listened to music. No significant difference in Pd values, blood pressure and heart rate was reported within the groups. CONCLUSION Music therapy is a non-invasive, safe, nonpharmacologic, anxiolytic, and analgesic treatment. Music therapy should become standard protocol in cast room procedures. One of the most important achievements of this study was the fact that music decreases anxiety and anxiety-related cardiac arrhythmia. Therefore, conducting further prospective studies including high cardiac risk patients especially with arrhythmia is crucial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tolga Tolunay
- Department of Orthopaedics, Yildirim Beyazit University Yenimahalle Training and Research Hospital, Yeni Batı Mah.2367.sokak No:4, Batıkent, Yenimahalle, 06370, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Vedat Bicici
- Department of Orthopaedics, Yildirim Beyazit University Yenimahalle Training and Research Hospital, Yeni Batı Mah.2367.sokak No:4, Batıkent, Yenimahalle, 06370, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Hatice Tolunay
- Department of Cardiology, Yildirim Beyazit University Yenimahalle Training and Research Hospital, Yeni Batı Mah.2367.sokak No:4, Batıkent, Yenimahalle, 06370, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Mehmet Orcun Akkurt
- Department of Orthopaedics, Yildirim Beyazit University Yenimahalle Training and Research Hospital, Yeni Batı Mah.2367.sokak No:4, Batıkent, Yenimahalle, 06370, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Arslan Kagan Arslan
- Department of Orthopaedics, Yildirim Beyazit University Yenimahalle Training and Research Hospital, Yeni Batı Mah.2367.sokak No:4, Batıkent, Yenimahalle, 06370, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Ali Aydogdu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Hitit University Corum Training and Research Hospital, Cepni Mah.Inonu Caddesi No:176, Corum, Turkey.
| | - Izzet Bingol
- Department of Orthopaedics, 29 Mayis State Hospital, Aydinlar Mah., Dikmen Cad. No: 312, Cankaya, 06105, Ankara, Turkey.
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Mackintosh J, Cone G, Harland K, Sriram KB. Music reduces state anxiety scores in patients undergoing pleural procedures: a randomised controlled trial. Intern Med J 2018; 48:1041-1048. [PMID: 29345398 DOI: 10.1111/imj.13738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Revised: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patient anxiety is an often overlooked complication of pleural diagnostic and therapeutic procedures. Listening to music is effective in reducing patient anxiety in some endoscopy procedures but has not yet been evaluated in pleural procedures. AIM To evaluate the benefits of music therapy during pleural procedures on a patient's anxiety, perceived pain and satisfaction with the procedure. METHODS Consecutive patients undergoing therapeutic pleural procedures were randomised to music and control groups. Participants in the music group listened to self-selected music using ear-bud headphones for the duration of the procedure. State anxiety was assessed before and after the procedure using the State Trait Anxiety Inventory. Physiological parameters were also measured. RESULTS Sixty patients were included in the study. In the music group, a reduction in state anxiety scores were observed post-procedure (34 ± 11 vs 48 ± 13, P < 0.001), while no change was observed in the control group (40 ± 11 vs 42 ± 11, P = 0.51). Participants in the music group had reductions in heart rate (87 ± 17 vs 95 ± 15, P = 0.04), systolic (121 ± 13 vs 130 ± 16, P = 0.02) and diastolic blood pressure (72 ± 8 vs 78 ± 9, P = 0.01) post procedure compared to the pre-procedures values. A similar change was not detected in the control group: heart rate (86 ± 17 vs 85 ± 15, P = 0.73), systolic (133 ± 21 vs 134 ± 20, P = 0.83) and diastolic blood pressure (77 ± 9 vs 79 ± 10, P = 0.30). There was no difference in patient pain scores (P = 0.8), willingness to undergo the procedure again (P= 0.27), satisfaction with the performance of the pleural procedure (P = 0.20) and duration of the procedure (P = 0.68) between the music and control groups. CONCLUSIONS Listening to music appears to be beneficial in reducing anxiety in patients undergoing pleural procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Mackintosh
- Department of Thoracic Medicine, The Prince Charles Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Grace Cone
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Gold Coast University Hospital, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Kate Harland
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Gold Coast University Hospital, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Krishna B Sriram
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Gold Coast University Hospital, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia.,School of Medicine, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
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Öztürk E, Hamidi N, Yikilmaz TN, Özcan C, Başar H. Effect of Listening to Music on Patient Anxiety and Pain Perception during Urodynamic Study: Randomized Controlled Trial. Low Urin Tract Symptoms 2017; 11:39-42. [PMID: 28834330 DOI: 10.1111/luts.12191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2017] [Revised: 05/18/2017] [Accepted: 06/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Urodynamic studies (UDS) include assessments of the physics and physiology of the lower urinary tract (LUT). It is an invasive test and patients can feel fear and anxiety, especially at the beginning of the test. The aim of this study was to determine whether listening to music during urodynamic study decreases patient anxiety and pain. METHODS Sixty-two patients who underwent urodynamic study were randomized into the following groups: no music (group 1, n = 30) or classical music (group 2, n = 32) during the procedure. Patient anxiety levels were quantified using the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) and Beck's Anxiety Inventory (BAI). A visual analog scale (VAS) was used for self-assessment of discomfort and willingness among patients to have a repeat urodynamic study. RESULTS Demographic characteristics, mean age, duration of procedure, systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP and DBP) and heart rate before procedure were statistically significantly similar between the two groups. Statistically significant differences were detected between the two groups in the mean pain score on VAS (4.1 ± 1.4 vs 2.6 ± 1.8), mean post-procedural STAI score (46 ± 5.8 vs 37.3 ± 5) and mean BAI score (14.2 ± 1.7 vs 3.5 ± 0.7). SBP and DBP and heart rate were similar between the groups. CONCLUSION Music is a cheap, safe and effective intervention that has gained increasing recognition as an effective tool to reduce pain and anxiety. Listening to music during urodynamic study reduced patient pain and anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erdem Öztürk
- Department of Urology, Dr Abdurrahman Yurtaslan Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Nurullah Hamidi
- Deparment of Urology, Atatürk Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Taha N Yikilmaz
- Department of Urology, Dr Abdurrahman Yurtaslan Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Cihat Özcan
- Deparment of Urology, Gülhane Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Halil Başar
- Department of Urology, Dr Abdurrahman Yurtaslan Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
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Cakmak O, Cimen S, Tarhan H, Ekin RG, Akarken I, Ulker V, Celik O, Yucel C, Kisa E, Ergani B, Cetin T, Kozacioglu Z. Listening to music during shock wave lithotripsy decreases anxiety, pain, and dissatisfaction : A randomized controlled study. Wien Klin Wochenschr 2017; 129:687-691. [PMID: 28516381 DOI: 10.1007/s00508-017-1212-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 04/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We analyzed the effects of music on pain, anxiety, and overall satisfaction in patients undergoing a shock wave lithotripsy (SWL) procedure. METHODS A total of 200 patients scheduled to undergo SWL were included in this study. Group 1 consisted of 95 patients who listened to music during the SWL session while group 2 included 105 patients who did not listen music during the procedure. State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) was used to assess state and trait anxiety (STAI-S/T). A visual analog scale (VAS) was used at the end of the session in order to assess pain, willingness to repeat the procedure, and overall patient satisfaction. Hemodynamic parameters including systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), and heart rate (HR) were recorded before and after the session. RESULTS No statistically significant difference was found between the two groups in terms of stone characteristics, SWL parameters, pre-SWL STAI-T/S scores, and pre-SWL hemodynamic parameters. Post-SWL STAI-S scores were found to be lower in patients who listened to music (p = 0.006). At the end of the SWL, VAS scores of pain, satisfaction, and willingness to repeat procedure were significantly different in favor of the music group (p = 0.007, p = 0.001, p = 0.015, respectively). SBP, DBP, and HR were significantly higher in patients who did not listen to music (p = 0.002, p = 0.024, p = 0.001, respectively). CONCLUSION Music can be an ideal adjunctive treatment modality for patients undergoing SWL treatment. It has the potential to enhance patient compliance and treatment satisfaction by reducing the procedure-related anxiety and pain perception.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ozgur Cakmak
- Urology Department, Tepecik Training and Research Hospital, Izmir, Turkey.
| | - Sertac Cimen
- Department of Urology, Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Huseyin Tarhan
- Urology Department, Sitki Kocman University, Mugla, Turkey
| | - Rahmi Gokhan Ekin
- Urology Department, Tepecik Training and Research Hospital, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Ilker Akarken
- Urology Department, Kemalpasa State Hospital, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Volkan Ulker
- Urology Department, Tepecik Training and Research Hospital, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Orcun Celik
- Urology Department, Tepecik Training and Research Hospital, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Cem Yucel
- Urology Department, Tepecik Training and Research Hospital, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Erdem Kisa
- Urology Department, Tepecik Training and Research Hospital, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Batuhan Ergani
- Urology Department, Tepecik Training and Research Hospital, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Taha Cetin
- Urology Department, Tepecik Training and Research Hospital, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Zafer Kozacioglu
- Urology Department, Tepecik Training and Research Hospital, Izmir, Turkey
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Shanmuganandan AP, Siddiqui MRS, Farkas N, Sran K, Thomas R, Mohamed S, Swift RI, Abulafi AM. Does music reduce anxiety and discomfort during flexible sigmoidoscopy? A systematic review and meta-analysis. World J Gastrointest Endosc 2017; 9:228-237. [PMID: 28572877 PMCID: PMC5437389 DOI: 10.4253/wjge.v9.i5.228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2016] [Revised: 02/24/2017] [Accepted: 03/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate the role of music in reducing anxiety and discomfort during flexible sigmoidoscopy.
METHODS A systematic review of all comparative studies up to November 2016, without language restriction that were identified from MEDLINE and the Cochrane Controlled Trials Register (1960-2016), and EMBASE (1991-2016). Further searches were performed using the bibliographies of articles and abstracts from major conferences such as the ESCP, NCRI, ASGBI and ASCRS. MeSH and text word terms used included “sigmoidoscopy”, “music” and “endoscopy” and “anxiety”. All comparative studies reporting on the effect of music on anxiety or pain during flexible sigmoidoscopy, in adults, were included. Outcome data was extracted by 2 authors independently using outcome measures defined a priori. Quality assessment was performed.
RESULTS A total of 4 articles published between 1994 and 2010, fulfilled the selection criteria. Data were extracted and analysed using OpenMetaAnalyst. Patients who listened to music during their flexible sigmoidoscopy had less anxiety compared to control groups [Random effects; SMD: 0.851 (0.467, 1.235), S.E = 0.196, P < 0.001]. There was no statistically significant heterogeneity (Q = 0.085, df = 1, P = 0.77, I2 = 0). Patients who listened to music during their flexible sigmoidoscopy had less pain compared to those who did not, but this difference did not reach statistical significance [Random effects; SMD: 0.345 (-0.014, 0.705), S.E = 0.183, P = 0.06]. Patients who listened to music during their flexible sigmoidoscopy felt it was a useful intervention, compared to those who did not (P < 0.001). There was no statistically significant heterogeneity (P = 0.528, I2 = 0).
CONCLUSION Music appeared to benefit patients undergoing flexible sigmoidoscopies in relation to anxiety and was deemed a helpful intervention. Pain may also be reduced however further investigation is required to ascertain this.
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Zhang K, Yuan Q, Zhu S, Xu D, An Z. Is Unsedated Colonoscopy Gaining Ground Over Sedated Colonoscopy? J Natl Med Assoc 2017; 110:143-148. [PMID: 29580447 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnma.2016.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2016] [Revised: 12/10/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a prevalent cancer with high global incidence and a leading cause of cancer death worldwide. CRC screening is important for early cancer detection and prevention. Most premalignant adenomas can be identified and removed before they become malignant. Colonoscopy plays a vital role in reducing the risk for developing CRC. Although screening programs with colonoscopy have been implemented in many countries and considered beneficial for a number of people, this technique is generally associated with anxiety, embarrassment, pain, and discomfort, resulting in lack of adherence to the recommended screening guidelines. In the US, colonoscopy is mostly performed under sedation, thereby causing amnesia and analgesia. In contrast to sedated colonoscopy, which has been associated with some disadvantages, unsedated colonoscopy exhibits advantages and has been preferred over sedated colonoscopy in numerous cancer centers worldwide. This review enumerates the features of sedated and unsedated colonoscopy with the use of the current relevant evidence-based literature. Unsedated colonoscopy can be a reasonable option for routine and unscheduled CRC screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaixian Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Tengzhou Central People's Hospital, Tengzhou 277599, China
| | - Qianqian Yuan
- Department of Oncology, Tengzhou Central People's Hospital, Tengzhou 277599, China
| | - Shuguang Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tengzhou Central People's Hospital, Tengzhou 277599, China
| | - Daheng Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tengzhou Central People's Hospital, Tengzhou 277599, China
| | - Zhe An
- Department of Cardiology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130033, China.
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De Silva AP, Niriella MA, Nandamuni Y, Nanayakkara SD, Perera KRP, Kodisinghe SK, Subasinghe KCE, Pathmeswaran A, de Silva HJ. Effect of audio and visual distraction on patients undergoing colonoscopy: a randomized controlled study. Endosc Int Open 2016; 4:E1211-E1214. [PMID: 27853748 PMCID: PMC5110335 DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-117630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2016] [Accepted: 09/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Background and study aims: Colonoscopy can cause anxiety and discomfort in patients. Sedation and analgesia as premedication can lead to complications in the elderly and those with comorbidities. This has led to an interest in the use of audio-visual distraction during the colonoscopy. We compared the effects of audio (AD) versus visual distraction (VD) in reducing discomfort and the need for sedation during colonoscopy. Patients and methods: Consecutive patients undergoing colonoscopy were randomized into three groups: one group was allowed to listen to the music of their choice (AD), the second group was allowed to watch a movie of their choice (VD), and the third group was not allowed either distraction during colonoscopy and acted as a control (C). Patient controlled analgesia and sedation were administered to all three groups. We used 25 mg of pethidine in 5-mg aliquots and 2.5 mg of midazolam in 0.5-mg aliquots. All patients were assessed for perceived pain and willingness to repeat the procedure. Number of "top-ups" of sedation and total dose of pethidine and midazolam were noted. Patient cooperation and ease of procedure were assessed by the colonoscopist. Results: In total, 200 patients were recruited [AD, n = 66 (32 males, median age 57 years); VD, n = 67 (43 males, median age 58 years); C, n = 67 (35 males, median age 59 years)]. The AD group had significantly less pain (P = 0.001), better patient cooperation (P = 0.001) and willingness to undergo a repeat procedure (P = 0.024) compared with VD and C groups. Conclusions: AD reduces pain and discomfort, improves patient cooperation and willingness to undergo a repeat procedure, and seems a useful, simple adjunct to low dose sedation during colonoscopy. STUDY REGISTRATION SLCTR/2014/031.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. P. De Silva
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Kelaniya, Ragama, Sri Lanka,Corresponding author Professor Arjuna P. De Silva Department of MedicineFaculty of MedicineUniversity of KelaniyaPO Box 6Thalagolla RoadRagamaGQ 11010Sri Lanka+94-11-2958337
| | - M. A. Niriella
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Kelaniya, Ragama, Sri Lanka
| | - Y. Nandamuni
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Kelaniya, Ragama, Sri Lanka
| | | | - K. R. P. Perera
- University Medical Unit, Colombo North Teaching Hospital, Ragama, Sri Lanka
| | - S. K. Kodisinghe
- University Medical Unit, Colombo North Teaching Hospital, Ragama, Sri Lanka
| | | | - A. Pathmeswaran
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Kelaniya, Ragama, Sri Lanka
| | - H. J. de Silva
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Kelaniya, Ragama, Sri Lanka
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Chirico A, Lucidi F, De Laurentiis M, Milanese C, Napoli A, Giordano A. Virtual Reality in Health System: Beyond Entertainment. A Mini-Review on the Efficacy of VR During Cancer Treatment. J Cell Physiol 2016; 231:275-87. [PMID: 26238976 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Accepted: 07/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Virtual reality (VR), a computer-generated virtual environment, has been increasingly used in the entertainment world becoming a very new evolving field, but VR technology has also found a variety of applications in the biomedical field. VR can offer to subjects a safe environment within which to carry on different interventions ranging from the rehabilitation of discharged patients directly at home, to the support of hospitalized patients during different procedures and also of oncological inpatient subjects. VR appears as a promising tool for support and monitoring treatments in cancer patients influencing psychological and physiological functions. The aim of this systematic review is to provide an overview of all the studies that used VR intervention on cancer patients and analyze their main findings. Nineteen studies across nearly a thousand articles were identified that explored effects of VR interventions on cancer patients. Although these studies varied greatly in setting and design, this review identified some overarching themes. Results found that VR improved patients' emotional well-being, and diminished cancer-related psychological symptoms. The studies explored various relevant variables including different types of settings (i.e., during chemotherapy, during pain procedures, during hospitalization). Here, we point to the need of a global and multi-disciplinary approach aimed at analyzing the effects of VR taking advantage of the new technology systems like biosensors as well as electroencephalogram monitoring pre, during, and after intervention. Devoting more attention to bio-physiological variables, standardized procedures, extending duration to longitudinal studies and adjusting for motion sickness related to VR treatment need to become standard of this research field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Chirico
- Sbarro Health Research Organization, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Department of Psychology of Developmental and Socialisation Processes, "La Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Fabio Lucidi
- Department of Psychology of Developmental and Socialisation Processes, "La Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Carla Milanese
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, Doctoral course in Genetic, Oncology and Clinical Medicine, "University of Siena", Siena, Italy
| | - Alessandro Napoli
- Sbarro Health Research Organization, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Antonio Giordano
- Sbarro Health Research Organization, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, "University of Siena", Siena, Italy
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Akbas A, Gulpinar MT, Sancak EB, Karakan T, Demirbas A, Utangac MM, Dede O, Sancaktutar AA, Simsek T, Sahin B, Resorlu B. The effect of music therapy during shockwave lithotripsy on patient relaxation, anxiety, and pain perception. Ren Fail 2015; 38:46-9. [PMID: 26458741 DOI: 10.3109/0886022x.2015.1096728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To research the effect of listening to music during shock wave lithotripsy (SWL) on the patient's pain control, anxiety levels, and satisfaction. PATIENTS AND METHODS The study comprised 400 patients from three hospitals. Half of patients listened to music during their first SWL session but not during their second session. The other half had no music for the first session but the second session was accompanied by music. During all sessions, with and without music, pulse rates, blood pressure, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory-State Anxiety scores (STAI-SA), Visual Analog Scale (VAS scores for pain), willingness to repeat procedure (0 = never to 4 happily), and patient satisfaction rates (0 = poor to 4 = excellent) were assessed. RESULTS There was no statistical difference between the two groups in terms of blood pressure and pulse rates. In both groups, the STAI-SA and VAS pain scores were lower in the session when music was listened to (p < 0.001). The patients requested more SWL treatment be completed while listening to music and their satisfaction was greater. CONCLUSION Music lowered the anxiety and pain scores of patients during SWL and provided greater satisfaction with treatment. Completing this procedure while the patient listens to music increases patient compliance greatly and reduces analgesic requirements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alpaslan Akbas
- a Department of Urology , Faculty of Medicine, Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University , Canakkale , Turkey
| | - Murat Tolga Gulpinar
- a Department of Urology , Faculty of Medicine, Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University , Canakkale , Turkey
| | - Eyup Burak Sancak
- a Department of Urology , Faculty of Medicine, Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University , Canakkale , Turkey
| | - Tolga Karakan
- b Department of Urology , Ankara Training and Research Hospital , Ankara , Turkey
| | - Arif Demirbas
- b Department of Urology , Ankara Training and Research Hospital , Ankara , Turkey
| | - Mehmet Mazhar Utangac
- c Department of Urology , Faculty of Medicine, Dicle University , Diyarbakir , Turkey
| | - Onur Dede
- c Department of Urology , Faculty of Medicine, Dicle University , Diyarbakir , Turkey
| | - Ahmet A Sancaktutar
- c Department of Urology , Faculty of Medicine, Dicle University , Diyarbakir , Turkey
| | - Tuncer Simsek
- d Department of Anesthesiology , Faculty of Medicine, Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University , Canakkale , Turkey , and
| | - Basak Sahin
- e Department of Psychiatry , Faculty of Medicine, Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University , Canakkale , Turkey
| | - Berkan Resorlu
- a Department of Urology , Faculty of Medicine, Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University , Canakkale , Turkey
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Nagata K, Iida N, Kanazawa H, Fujiwara M, Mogi T, Mitsushima T, Lefor AT, Sugimoto H. Effect of listening to music and essential oil inhalation on patients undergoing screening CT colonography: a randomized controlled trial. Eur J Radiol 2015; 83:2172-2176. [PMID: 25452097 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2014.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2014] [Revised: 09/19/2014] [Accepted: 09/22/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To prospectively evaluate the effect of listening to music and inhaling aroma oil on patients undergoing screening computed tomography colonography. MATERIALS AND METHODS Two hundred and twenty four participants were randomly allocated to one of the four groups including: (1) combined music and aroma, (2) music alone, (3) aroma alone, and (4)control. The visual analog scale for pain and a questionnaire were used for subjective outcomes. We also used a pre-test–post-test design to compare the differences in blood pressure and heart rate as objective outcomes. RESULTS There were no statistical differences between the control group and other groups in the visual analog scale or changes in heart rate. Changes in blood pressure were similar. Participants reported good overall experiences. There were no differences in terms of overall satisfaction, pain rating, willingness to repeat the computed tomography colonography procedure in the future, or preference between colonoscopy and computed tomography colonography. More participants using music and/or aroma requested music and/or aroma during the next computed tomography colonography (P < 0.0001). CONCLUSION Although audio and olfactory intervention had little effect on perceived pain or discomfort and vital signs, participants who listened to music and inhaled aroma during the computed tomography colonography preferred music and aroma during the next computed tomography colonography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koichi Nagata
- Department of Radiology, Kameda Medical Center, 929 Higashi-cho, Kamogawa, Chiba 296-8602, Japan(1); Department of Radiology, Jichi Medical University, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan(2); Cancer Screening Technology Division, Research Center for Cancer Prevention and Screening, National Cancer Center, 5-1-1, Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan(3).
| | - Nao Iida
- Department of Radiology, Kameda Medical Center Makuhari, 1-3, Nakase, Mihama-ku, Chiba 261-8501, Japan(4).
| | - Hidenori Kanazawa
- Department of Radiology, Jichi Medical University, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan(2).
| | - Masanori Fujiwara
- Department of Radiology, Kameda Medical Center Makuhari, 1-3, Nakase, Mihama-ku, Chiba 261-8501, Japan(4).
| | - Tomohiro Mogi
- Department of Radiology, Kameda Medical Center Makuhari, 1-3, Nakase, Mihama-ku, Chiba 261-8501, Japan(4).
| | - Toru Mitsushima
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kameda Medical Center Makuhari, 1-3, Nakase, Mihama-ku, Chiba 261-8501, Japan(4).
| | - Alan T Lefor
- Department of Surgery, Jichi Medical University, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan(2).
| | - Hideharu Sugimoto
- Department of Radiology, Jichi Medical University, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan(2).
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Evaluation of Anxiety in Procedure-Naive Patients During Cervical and Lumbar Epidural Steroid Injection Procedures. Reg Anesth Pain Med 2015; 40:255-61. [DOI: 10.1097/aap.0000000000000238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Wang MC, Zhang LY, Zhang YL, Zhang YW, Xu XD, Zhang YC. Effect of music in endoscopy procedures: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. PAIN MEDICINE 2014; 15:1786-94. [PMID: 25139786 DOI: 10.1111/pme.12514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Endoscopies are common clinical examinations that are somewhat painful and even cause fear and anxiety for patients. We performed this systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials to determine the effect of music on patients undergoing various endoscopic procedures. METHODS We searched the Cochrane Library, Issue 6, 2013, PubMed, and EMBASE databases up to July 2013. Randomized controlled trials comparing endoscopies, with and without the use of music, were included. Two authors independently abstracted data and assessed risk of bias. Subgroup analyses were performed to examine the impact of music on different types of endoscopic procedures. RESULTS Twenty-one randomized controlled trials involving 2,134 patients were included. The overall effect of music on patients undergoing a variety of endoscopic procedures significantly improved pain score (weighted mean difference [WMD] = -1.53, 95% confidence interval [CI] [-2.53, -0.53]), anxiety (WMD = -6.04, 95% CI [-9.61, -2.48]), heart rate (P = 0.01), arterial pressure (P < 0.05), and satisfaction score (SMD = 1.83, 95% CI [0.76, 2.91]). Duration of the procedure (P = 0.29), except for gastrointestinal endoscopy (P = 0.03), and sedative or analgesic medication dose (P = 0.23, P = 0.12, respectively) were not significantly decreased in the music group, compared with the control group. Furthermore, music had little effect for patients undergoing colposcopy and bronchoscopy in the subanalysis. CONCLUSION Our meta-analysis suggested that music may offer benefits for patients undergoing endoscopy, except in colposcopy and bronchoscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Cai Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China; Hepato-biliary-pancreatic Institute, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China; Gansu Provincial-level Key Laboratory of Digestive System Tumors, Lanzhou, China
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Zhang ZS, Wang XL, Xu CL, Zhang C, Cao Z, Xu WD, Wei RC, Sun YH. Music reduces panic: an initial study of listening to preferred music improves male patient discomfort and anxiety during flexible cystoscopy. J Endourol 2014; 28:739-44. [PMID: 24548148 DOI: 10.1089/end.2013.0705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess the impact of listening to preferred music on relieving male patients' pain and anxiety during flexible cystoscopy. PATIENTS AND METHODS A total of 124 male patients were admitted to our hospital for flexile cystoscopy by a single urologist between January 2013 and September 2013 and randomized to two equal groups. Group 2 included 62 patients who could select and listen to their preferred music during flexible cystoscopy. Group 1 included 62 patients who were unable to listen to the music. All patients were administered the same amount of lidocaine (10 mL) for 3 minutes for local anesthesia before flexible cystoscopy. A visual analog scale (VAS) ranging from 0 to 10 was used to assess patients' pain feeling after the cystoscopy procedure. Anxiety levels were calculated according to the State Instrument of State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI-S), and the pulse rate were recorded 5 minutes before and immediately after the procedure. The duration of the procedure of each group were also analyzed. RESULTS Statistically significant differences were detected between group 1 and group 2 in the mean pain score on VAS (2.53 ± 1.34 vs 1.63 ± 1.09, P=0.002, Mann-Whitney U test), mean postprocedural State Anxiety Inventory pain score (39.4 ± 6.5 vs 34.5 ± 5.8), and postprocedural pulse rate (79.8 ± 5.5 vs 76.0 ± 7.3) (P<0.001 for both, t test). Patients who listened to their preferred music experienced less discomfort and lower anxiety at cystoscopy. Patient age, duration of the procedure, preprocedural STAI-S, and preprocedural pulse rate of each group were comparable. CONCLUSION Listening to preferred music during flexible cystoscopy is an easy way to improves male patients' comfort and reduce their anxiety. It could be recommended for male patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Sheng Zhang
- 1 Department of Urology, Changhai Hospital, The Second Military Medical University , Shanghai, China
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Abstract
Colonoscopy is a procedure often experienced as uncomfortable and worrying. Music has been reported to reduce discomfort during colonoscopy; however, no study in a Swedish setting has been found. The purpose of this randomized controlled trial was to analyze the effects of sedative music on patients' experience of anxiety, pain, relaxation, and well-being during colonoscopy. Prior to colonoscopy, adult patients (n = 120), aged 18-80 years, were randomly assigned to either an intervention group (n = 60) who listened to sedative instrumental music with 60-80 beats per minute during the colonoscopy or a control group. After the colonoscopy, both groups completed a questionnaire on anxiety, the State Trait Anxiety Inventory, and an anxiety Visual Analogue Scale. Pain, relaxation, and well-being were also measured with Visual Analogue Scales. Women in the intervention group had a lower level of anxiety during the colonoscopy than those in the control group (p = .007) and well-being was significantly higher in the intervention group, especially among men, than in the controls (p = .006 and p = .025, respectively). Men in the intervention group were more relaxed during the colonoscopy than those in the control group (p = .065). Listening to sedative music decreased anxiety among women and increased well-being among men during colonoscopy.
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Zengin S, Kabul S, Al B, Sarcan E, Doğan M, Yildirim C. Effects of music therapy on pain and anxiety in patients undergoing port catheter placement procedure. Complement Ther Med 2013; 21:689-96. [PMID: 24280479 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctim.2013.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2013] [Revised: 07/31/2013] [Accepted: 08/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients scheduled to invasive medical procedures experience high levels of anxiety, which may lead to increased perceptions of pain and vital sign instability throughout. AIMS To examine the effect of a music intervention (MI) on stress hormones, physiologic parameters, pain, and anxiety state before and during port catheter placement procedures (PCPPs). METHODS We conducted a prospective, randomized, controlled study in 100 oncology patients, who were randomly assigned to an MI group (n=50) or a control group (n=50). The effects of music were assessed by determination of serum cortisol and adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) levels, heart and respiratory rate (HR, RR) and systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP, DBP), on arrival in the surgical intervention room, as well as immediately prior to and immediately after the PCPP, in both groups. Furthermore, pain and anxiety levels were identified using visual analogue scale and state-trait anxiety inventory scales. RESULTS On arrival, there were no differences between the patients in terms of serum cortisol and ACTH levels, HR, RR, SBP, DBP and anxiety levels. There were significant reductions in hormone levels (p<0.05 for all), HR (p<0.001), RR (p<0.001), SBP (p<0.05) and DBP (p<0.05), immediately prior to and immediately after the PCPP in participants in the MI group compared to those in the control group. Furthermore, music led to a significant reduction in pain (p<0.05) and anxiety scores (p<0.05) in the MI group compared to control group. CONCLUSION During invasive medical procedures, MI significantly decreases stress hormone levels, physiological parameters, acute procedural pain and anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suat Zengin
- Department of Emergency, Gaziantep University, Medical School, Gaziantep, Turkey.
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Triantafillidis JK, Merikas E, Nikolakis D, Papalois AE. Sedation in gastrointestinal endoscopy: current issues. World J Gastroenterol 2013; 19:463-481. [PMID: 23382625 PMCID: PMC3558570 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v19.i4.463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2012] [Revised: 11/11/2012] [Accepted: 12/25/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Diagnostic and therapeutic endoscopy can successfully be performed by applying moderate (conscious) sedation. Moderate sedation, using midazolam and an opioid, is the standard method of sedation, although propofol is increasingly being used in many countries because the satisfaction of endoscopists with propofol sedation is greater compared with their satisfaction with conventional sedation. Moreover, the use of propofol is currently preferred for the endoscopic sedation of patients with advanced liver disease due to its short biologic half-life and, consequently, its low risk of inducing hepatic encephalopathy. In the future, propofol could become the preferred sedation agent, especially for routine colonoscopy. Midazolam is the benzodiazepine of choice because of its shorter duration of action and better pharmacokinetic profile compared with diazepam. Among opioids, pethidine and fentanyl are the most popular. A number of other substances have been tested in several clinical trials with promising results. Among them, newer opioids, such as remifentanil, enable a faster recovery. The controversy regarding the administration of sedation by an endoscopist or an experienced nurse, as well as the optimal staffing of endoscopy units, continues to be a matter of discussion. Safe sedation in special clinical circumstances, such as in the cases of obese, pregnant, and elderly individuals, as well as patients with chronic lung, renal or liver disease, requires modification of the dose of the drugs used for sedation. In the great majority of patients, sedation under the supervision of a properly trained endoscopist remains the standard practice worldwide. In this review, an overview of the current knowledge concerning sedation during digestive endoscopy will be provided based on the data in the current literature.
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Panic Attack during Elective Gastrointestinal Endoscopy. Gastroenterol Res Pract 2011; 2011:162574. [PMID: 22007196 PMCID: PMC3189558 DOI: 10.1155/2011/162574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2011] [Accepted: 07/14/2011] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background. Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) and colonoscopy (CS) can evoke anxiety, embarrassment, and discomfort. These concerns can culminate in panic attacks, which may traumatize patients and significantly decrease their compliance to the procedure. The objective of this study was to evaluate the relationship between preendoscopic anxiety and the possibility of a panic attack during an elective gastrointestinal endoscopy (EGE). Methods. The study population comprised of 79 Greek outpatients. The examination was carried out without the use of conscious sedation. Patients' anxiety levels were assessed before the procedure using the Greek version of the Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI-Y). Results. Seventy-nine patients were enrolled: 45 EGD and 34 CS. Females had higher state and trait anxiety levels than males (48.14 ± 7.94 versus 44.17 ± 7.43, P < 0.05; and 43.68 ± 6.95 versus 39.86 ± 7.46, P < 0.05). Patients who experienced panic attack had significantly higher levels of both trait and state anxiety, compared to those who were panic-free. There was no significant relationship between panic attacks and sex or type of procedure. Conclusions. Patients who experience panic attacks during endoscopic procedures appear to have significantly higher anxiety levels before the procedure. Administering the STAI questionnaire prior to the endoscopy seems to be a useful screening method for vulnerable patients.
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