• Greenland
• Sucrose intolerance
• attitudes to research
• daily living
• focus group
• food
• genetics research
• qualitative research

• Humans
• Greenland
• Male
• Female
• Adult
• Middle Aged
• Sucrase-Isomaltase Complex/genetics
• Focus Groups
• Young Adult
• Adaptation, Psychological
• Aged
• Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice
• Qualitative Research
• Interviews as Topic

• Humans
• Irritable Bowel Syndrome
• Social Media
• Video Recording
• Patient Education as Topic/methods
• Female

• DGBI
• butyrate
• guanylate cyclase C
• linaclotide
• microbiota
• organoid

• Humans
• Child
• Irritable Bowel Syndrome
• Butyrates/pharmacology
• Quality of Life
• Guanylate Cyclase
• Microbiota

• K01 DK135647 NIDDK NIH HHS
• T32 DK007727 NIDDK NIH HHS
• P30 DK078392 NIDDK NIH HHS
• NIH HHS
• K23 DK135797 NIDDK NIH HHS
• R01 DK116868 NIDDK NIH HHS
• R01 DK114123 NIDDK NIH HHS

• Factors
• Irritable bowel syndrome
• Lebanon
• Psychological disorders
• Unidentified

• Humans
• Adult
• Irritable Bowel Syndrome/epidemiology
• Cross-Sectional Studies
• Crowding
• Family Characteristics
• Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders/epidemiology

Post-infectious irritable bowel syndrome (PI-IBS) is a particular type of IBS, with symptom onset after an acute episode of infectious gastroenteritis. Despite infectious disease resolution and clearance of the inciting pathogen agent, 10% of patients will develop PI-IBS. In susceptible individuals, the exposure to pathogenic organisms leads to a marked shift in the gut microbiota with prolonged changes in host-microbiota interactions. These changes can affect the gut-brain axis and the visceral sensitivity, disrupting the intestinal barrier, altering neuromuscular function, triggering persistent low inflammation, and sustaining the onset of IBS symptoms. There is no specific treatment strategy for PI-IBS. Different drug classes can be used to treat PI-IBS similar to patients with IBS in general, guided by their clinical symptoms. This review summarizes the current evidence for microbial dysbiosis in PI-IBS and analyzes the available data regarding the role of the microbiome in mediating the central and peripheral dysfunctions that lead to IBS symptoms. It also discusses the current state of evidence on therapies targeting the microbiome in the management of PI-IBS. The results of microbial modulation strategies used in relieving IBS symptomatology are encouraging. Several studies on PI-IBS animal models reported promising results. However, published data that describe the efficacy and safety of microbial targeted therapy in PI-IBS patients are scarce. Future research is required.

• Gut microbiome
• Infectious gastroenteritis
• Irritable bowel syndrome
• Post infection syndrome
• Pathophysiology
• Inflammation

• Animals
• Irritable Bowel Syndrome/diagnosis
• Gastrointestinal Microbiome
• Gastroenteritis/complications
• Communicable Diseases
• Post-Infectious Disorders

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is the most prevalent gastrointestinal disorder in developed countries and reduces patients’ quality of life, hinders their ability to work, and increases health care costs. A growing number of trials have demonstrated an aberrant gut microbiota composition in IBS, also known as ‘gut dysbiosis’. Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) has been suggested as a treatment for IBS.

To assess the efficacy and safety of FMT for the treatment of IBS.

We searched Cochrane Central, MEDLINE, EMBASE and Web of Science up to 24 October 2022 for randomised controlled trials (RCTs) investigating the effectiveness of FMT compared to placebo (including autologous FMT) in treating IBS. The primary outcome was the number of patients with improvements of symptoms measured using a validated, global IBS symptoms score. Secondary outcomes were changes in quality-of-life scores, non-serious and serious adverse events. Risk ratios (RR) and corresponding 95%CI were calculated for dichotomous outcomes, as were the mean differences (MD) and 95%CI for continuous outcomes. The Cochrane risk of bias tool was used to assess the quality of the trials. GRADE criteria were used to assess the overall quality of the evidence.

Eight RCTs (484 participants) were included in the review. FMT resulted in no significant benefit in IBS symptoms three months after treatment compared to placebo (RR 1.19, 95%CI: 0.68-2.10). Adverse events were reported in 97 participants in the FMT group and in 45 participants in the placebo group (RR 1.17, 95%CI: 0.63-2.15). One serious adverse event occurred in the FMT group and two in the placebo group (RR 0.42, 95%CI: 0.07-2.60). Endoscopic FMT delivery resulted in a significant improvement in symptoms, while capsules did not. FMT did not improve the quality of life of IBS patients but, instead, appeared to reduce it, albeit non significantly (MD -6.30, 95%CI: -13.39-0.79). The overall quality of the evidence was low due to moderate-high inconsistency, the small number of patients in the studies, and imprecision.

We found insufficient evidence to support or refute the use of FMT for IBS. Larger trials are needed.

• Fecal microbiota transplantation
• Irritable bowel syndrome
• Meta-analysis
• Systematic review

• Humans
• Irritable Bowel Syndrome/therapy
• Irritable Bowel Syndrome/etiology
• Fecal Microbiota Transplantation/adverse effects
• Fecal Microbiota Transplantation/methods
• Gastrointestinal Microbiome
• Quality of Life
• Dysbiosis/therapy
• Dysbiosis/etiology

• epidemiologic studies
• public health
• qualitative research
• social medicine

• Behavioral sleep medicine
• Fatigue
• Inflammatory bowel disease
• Insomnia
• Irritable bowel syndrome
• Psychogastroenterology
• Sleep disorders

• 2′fucosyllactose
• Bifidobacterium
• gut microbiota
• human milk oligosaccharide
• irritable bowel syndrome

• Ref: BB/T008776/1 Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council

• dysbiosis
• fecal microbiota transplantation
• gastrointestinal diseases
• irritable bowel syndrome
• meta-analysis

• Depression
• Malabsorption
• Somatization

• Bile Acids and Salts
• Diarrhea
• Female
• Humans
• Irritable Bowel Syndrome
• Male
• Medically Unexplained Symptoms
• Quality of Life
• Surveys and Questionnaires

• R01 DK115950 NIDDK NIH HHS
• UL1 TR000135 NCATS NIH HHS

• Irritable bowel syndrome
• cognitive behavior therapy group treatment
• effectiveness
• exposure
• prediction analysis

• diaphragmatic breathing
• irritable bowel syndrome
• microvascular function

Although diet- and stress-induced perturbations in the microbiome (biotic and abiotic factors) associate with changes in host behavior via the microbiota-gut-brain axis, few mechanisms have been identified. The identification of causative pathways by which the microbiome influences host behavior therefore would benefit from the application of evidence-based conceptual frameworks. One such causal framework is microbial endocrinology which is the study of neuroendocrine axes as avenues of bi-directional neurochemical-based host-microbe crosstalk. As such, we investigated the relationship between diet- and stress-induced alterations in behavior, regional gut serotonergic response, and concomitant changes in the cecal and fecal bacterial populations of male and female mice. Our results demonstrate that sex is a dominant factor in determining compositional changes in the gut microbiome in response to stress and diet modifications. Intestinal serotonergic responses to stress were observed in both sexes but dietary modifications uniquely affected region-specific changes in males and females. Likewise, behavioral alterations diverged between male and female mice. Together, these results demonstrate distinct sex-dependent relationships between cecal and fecal bacterial taxa and behavioral- and serotonergic-responses to stress and diet. The present study demonstrates the importance of including both male and female sexes in the examination of the microbiota-gut-brain axis. As different microbial taxa were identified to associate with the behavioral and gut serotonergic responses of male and female mice, certain bacterial species may hold sex-dependent functional relevance for the host. Future investigations seeking to develop microbiome-based strategies to afford host stress resilience should include sex-based differences in the microbiome.

• U.S. Department of Defense
• Iowa State University

• Constipation/epidemiology
• Constipation/etiology
• Cross-Sectional Studies
• Diarrhea/epidemiology
• Humans
• Presenteeism
• Workplace/psychology

• Constipation
• DA-9701
• Dyspepsia
• Irritable bowel syndrome

• abdominal pain
• antispasmodics
• eluxadoline
• irritable bowel syndrome
• meta-analysis

• Burden
• Disorders of the gut-brain interaction
• Epidemiology
• Food
• Functional gastrointestinal disorders
• Gastrointestinal symptoms
• Global prevalence
• Meal-related abdominal pain

In December 2019 a novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), started spreading from Wuhan city of Chinese Hubei province and rapidly became a global pandemic. Clinical symptoms of the disease range from paucisymptomatic disease to a much more severe disease. Typical symptoms of the initial phase include fever and cough, with possible progression to acute respiratory distress syndrome. Gastrointestinal manifestations such as diarrhoea, vomiting and abdominal pain are reported in a considerable number of affected individuals and may be due to the SARS-CoV-2 tropism for the peptidase angiotensin receptor 2. The intestinal homeostasis and microenvironment appear to play a major role in the pathogenesis of COVID-19 and in the enhancement of the systemic inflammatory responses. Long-term consequences of COVID-19 include respiratory disturbances and other disabling manifestations, such as fatigue and psychological impairment. To date, there is a paucity of data on the gastrointestinal sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Since COVID-19 can directly or indirectly affect the gut physiology in different ways, it is plausible that functional bowel diseases may occur after the recovery because of potential pathophysiological alterations (dysbiosis, disruption of the intestinal barrier, mucosal microinflammation, post-infectious states, immune dysregulation and psychological stress). In this review we speculate that COVID-19 can trigger irritable bowel syndrome and we discuss the potential mechanisms.

• SARS-CoV-2
• COVID-19
• Irritable bowel syndrome
• Microbiota
• Dysbiosis
• Gut-brain axis

• COVID-19
• Dysbiosis
• Humans
• Irritable Bowel Syndrome/etiology
• Pandemics
• SARS-CoV-2

• L-arginine
• irritable bowel syndrome
• methylarginine
• older adults

• Aged
• Aged, 80 and over
• Arginine/analogs & derivatives
• Arginine/blood
• Biomarkers/blood
• Case-Control Studies
• Cohort Studies
• Female
• Humans
• Irritable Bowel Syndrome/blood
• Irritable Bowel Syndrome/diagnosis
• Irritable Bowel Syndrome/psychology
• Logistic Models
• Male
• Middle Aged
• Nitric Oxide/biosynthesis
• Odds Ratio
• Psychological Distress
• ROC Curve

• colon
• motility
• neuron
• opsin
• relaxation

• gastrointestinal
• germ-free
• microbiota-gut-brain axis
• neuroendocrine
• serotonin
• stress

• Chronic Diarrhea
• Diagnostic Test Accuracy
• Functional Diarrhea
• Inflammatory Bowel Disease
• Irritable Bowel Syndrome

Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is a chronic gastrointestinal disorder characterised by recurrent abdominal pain and disturbed bowel habits and unclear aetiology. IBS is also associated with psychosocial factors, impaired quality of life and lost work productivity. This study sought to determine whether the association between IBS and lost work productivity might be accounted for by poor coping strategies and loss of confidence in the healthcare system.

Case–control design was employed sampling IBS and non-gastrointestinal (non-GI) primary healthcare seekers in a defined region in Sweden. Non-GI patients were of similar age and sex distribution to the IBS patients. Questionnaires applied in this study included instruments designed to measure confidence in the social security system and in the community, as well as questions about whether gastrointestinal problems might affect working life and Sense of coherence (SOC) questionnaire. The study’s primary hypothesis was evaluated via an a priori path model.

Statistically significant differences were found between IBS cases (n = 305) and controls (n = 369) concerning abdominal pain or discomfort affecting everyday performance at work (p <  0.0001). IBS cases also showed significantly lower (p = 0.001) confidence in public healthcare. The study’s hypothesis was supported with the finding of a statistically significant indirect association via poor coping strategies, although the indirect associations were lesser in magnitude than the direct association.

This study found a clear association between clinically diagnosed IBS status and interference in work by gastrointestinal symptoms in which sense of coherence might be of importance.

• Confidence in public health
• Disease burden
• IBS
• Sense of coherence

• Crohn’s disease
• Disease activity measurements
• Inflammatory bowel disease
• Irritable bowel syndrome
• Ulcerative colitis

• Acupressure
• Adult
• Ear Auricle
• Female
• Heart Rate
• Humans
• Irritable Bowel Syndrome/complications
• Irritable Bowel Syndrome/psychology
• Irritable Bowel Syndrome/therapy
• Mental Health
• Middle Aged
• Sex Factors
• Stress, Psychological/prevention & control
• Treatment Outcome
• Young Adult

• Dietitian-first
• Expanded scope of practice
• Gastroenterology
• IBSQOL
• IBSSSS
• Models of care

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a chronic gastrointestinal disorder characterized by abdominal pain and altered bowel habits in the absence of any detectable organic illnesses. Interest in the effect of dietary opponents to the IBS pathogenesis has been increased in recent years. This study aims to review previous studies to determine the relationship between IBS prevalence in community and dietary energy and macronutrients intakes according to the national nutrition surveys.

A literature search was conducted in PubMed and EMBASE to September, 2018, to identify population-based studies that reported the prevalence of IBS. Daily energy intake, daily carbohydrates, and protein and fat percent contribution to energy intake (%) were obtained from study population-based national nutrition survey. The correlations of prevalence of IBS and dietary intakes were obtained by Spearman coefficient or Pearson coefficient.

Global prevalence of IBS was 11.7%. There was no correlation between overall prevalence of IBS of individual countries and national energy intake (P = 0.785), protein proportion (P = 0.063), carbohydrates proportion (P = 0.505), or fat proportion (P = 0.384) according to the years when the studies were conducted. No correlations were detected between dietary intake and male or female IBS prevalence. Interestingly, protein proportion was positively correlated with the prevalence of IBS in Rome III criteria (r = 0.569).

Our findings demonstrate that dietary energy and macronutrients intake do not play a direct role in prevalence of IBS. However, IBS diagnostic criteria seem to have a bias on the correlation between prevalence of IBS and dietary intake. Further studies are needed to confirm the correlation between prevalence of IBS and specific dietary intake.

• Diet
• Food intolerance
• Irritable bowel syndrome
• Surveys and questionnaires

Hemin is a heme-oxygenase inducer, which can confer anti-inflammatory, cytoprotective, and antiapoptotic effects. These properties are beneficial therapeutical effects to inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). IBD is a worldwide health problem characterized by chronic inflammation of intestinal epithelium, which promotes intestinal and extraintestinal symptomatology. Current treatment only induces and maintains the patient in remission and results in many side effects. The research of other pharmacologic approaches is crucial to the treatment of IBD. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of hemin in the 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced colitis model.

Male CD-1 mice with TNBS-induced colitis were treated with a daily dose of hemin 5 mg/kg body weight/day and 10 mg/kg body weight/day intraperitoneal, during 4 days. The evaluated parameters were fecal hemoglobin, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), myeloperoxidase, tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-10, histopathologic analysis, urea, creatinine, and alanine aminotransferase.

The hemin-treated mice presented a decrease in fecal hemoglobin, ALP, and proinflammatory cytokine concentrations compared to the TNBS group. Histopathology analysis confirmed the decrease in lesion extension produced by hemin.

These findings suggest that hemin treatment reduces hemorrhagic focus, intestinal damage, tissue inflammation, and lesion extension associated with experimental colitis.

• anti-inflammatory effect
• experimental colitis
• heme-oxygenase inducer
• inflammatory bowel disease

• CCL8
• Colitis
• MiR-146a-5p
• TNBS
• Visceral pain

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), as a chronic digestive disorder, impacts extensively on the quality of life, emotional well-being and self-identity. Chronic illness disrupts taken-for-granted notions about self. No qualitative study was found regarding patients’ experience of life with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) in Iran.

To explore the self-perception of lived experience of IBS patients.

A qualitative study with hermeneutic phenomenological approach was conducted on 12 IBS patients who had been referred to three central clinics (2 governmental and 1 private) affiliated to Shiraz University of Medical Sciences. The data were collected through in-depth semi-structured interviews from July 2015 to September 2016 by purposeful sampling. Thematic analysis was carried out using Van Manen’s six-step methodological framework as a guide. In addition, MAXQDA software was used for data management.

In this study, two main themes “the threatened self” and “deep self-knowledge”, emerged during the life of patients with IBS, indicating the meaning of self-perception of such patients. The theme of “the threatened self” consisted of two subthemes of “fear from stigmatization” and “bad sense of self”. The subthemes of “body knowledge”, “self-acceptance” and “personal growth” were related to deep self-knowledge.

The results of the present study could be applied in designing and implementation effective and holistic care of IBS patients.

• Hermeneutic Phenomenology
• Irritable Bowel Syndrome
• Qualitative research
• Self-perception

• Functional gastrointestinal disorders
• prevalence
• systemic lupus erythematosus

• Functional Disorder
• Nutrition
• Psychology
• Treatment

Electroacupuncture (EA) has been used for treating visceral hypersensitivity (VH). However, the underlying molecular mechanism remains unclear. This study was aim to testify the effect of EA on ileitis-provoked VH, and to confirm whether EA attenuates VH through Janus kinase 2 (JAK2)/signal transducers and activators of transcription 3 (STAT3) signaling pathway in the periaqueductal gray (PAG)-the rostral ventromedial medulla (RVM)-the spinal cord dorsal horn (SCDH) axis.

Methods: Goats were anesthetized and laparotomized for injecting 2,4,6-trinitro-benzene-sulfonic acid (TNBS)-ethanol solution (30mg TNBS dissolved in 40% ethanol) into the ileal wall to induce VH. EA was treated for 30min from day 7, then every 3 days for six times. VH was assessed by visceromotor response (VMR) and pain behavior response to 20, 40, 60, 80, and 100 mmHg colorectal distension pressures at day 7, 10, 13, 16, 19, and 22. The spinal cord in the eleventh thoracic vertebra and the brain were collected at day 22. The protein and mRNA levels of IL-6, JAK2, and STAT3 in the SCDH were detected with western blot and qPCR, respectively. The distribution of these substances was observed with immunohistochemistry in the ventrolateral PAG (vlPAG), RVM (mainly the nucleus raphe magnus, NRM), SCDH, the nucleus tractus solitaries (NTS) and the dorsal motor nucleus of vagi (DMV).

Results: Goats administered with TNBS-ethanol solution showed diarrhea, enhanced VMR and pain behavior response, and increased IL-6, phosphorylated JAK2 and STAT3 (pJAK2 and pSTAT3) in the vlPAG, NRM, NTS and DMV, and their protein and mRNA levels in the SCDH. EA relieved diarrhea, VMR and pain behavior response, decreased IL-6, pJAK2 and pSTAT3 levels in the vlPAG, NRM, SCDH, NTS, and DMV except for pSTAT3 in the DMV, but did not affect mRNA level of these three substances in the SCDH.

Conclusion: EA attenuates VH probably through inhibiting JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway in the PAG-RVM-SCDH axis.

• JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway
• PAG-RVM-SCDH axis
• TNBS
• electroacupuncture (EA)
• visceral hypersensitivity (VH)
• visceromotor response (VMR)

• Gastrointestinal diseases
• General practice
• Irritable bowel syndrome

• Experimental colitis
• Glycogen synthase kinase-3β inhibitor
• Inflammation
• Inflammatory bowel disease
• Thiadiazolidinone-8
• Trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid-induced colitis

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a common chronic gastrointestinal (GI) disorder that is characterized by a combination of abdominal pain or discomfort, bloating and alterations in bowel movements. This review presents recent developments concerning the roles of diet and GI endocrine cells in the pathophysiology of IBS and of individual dietary guidance in the management of IBS. Patients with IBS typically report that food aggravates their IBS symptoms. The interactions between specific types of foodstuffs rich in fermentable oligosaccharides, disaccharides, monosaccharides and polyols (FODMAPs) and GI endocrine cells induce changes in cell densities. Providing individual dietary guidance about a low FODMAP intake, high soluble-fiber intake, and changing the proportions of protein, fat and carbohydrates helps to reduce the symptoms experienced by patients with IBS and to improve their quality of life. These improvements are due to restoring the densities of the GI endocrine cells back to normal. The reported observations emphasize the role of GI endocrine cells in the pathophysiology of IBS and support the provision of dietary guidance as a first-line treatment for managing IBS.

We evaluated the effect of Saccharomyces boulardii CNCM I-745 on intestinal neuromuscular anomalies in an IBS-type mouse model of gastrointestinal motor dysfunctions elicited by Herpes Simplex Virus type 1 (HSV-1) exposure.

Mice were inoculated intranasally with HSV-1 (10² PFU) or vehicle at time 0 and 4 weeks later by the intragastric (IG) route (10⁸ PFU). Six weeks after IG inoculum, mice were randomly allocated to receive oral gavage with either S. boulardii (10⁷ CFU/day) or vehicle. After 4 weeks the following were determined: a) intestinal motility using fluorescein-isothiocyanate dextran distribution in the gut, fecal pellet expulsion, stool water content, and distal colonic transit of glass beads; b) integrity of the enteric nervous system (ENS) by immunohistochemistry on ileal whole-mount preparations and western blot of protein lysates from ileal longitudinal muscle and myenteric plexus; c) isometric muscle tension with electric field and pharmacological (carbachol) stimulation of ileal segments; and d) intestinal inflammation by levels of tumor necrosis factor α, interleukin(IL)-1β, IL-10 and IL-4.

S. boulardii CNCM I-745 improved HSV-1 induced intestinal dysmotility and alteration of intestinal transit observed ten weeks after IG inoculum of the virus. Also, the probiotic yeast ameliorated the structural alterations of the ENS induced by HSV-1 (i.e., reduced peripherin immunoreactivity and expression, increased glial S100β protein immunoreactivity and neuronal nitric oxide synthase level, reduced substance P-positive fibers). Moreover, S. boulardii CNCM I-745 diminished the production of HSV-1 associated pro-inflammatory cytokines in the myenteric plexus and increased levels of anti-inflammatory interleukins.

S. boulardii CNCM I-745 ameliorated gastrointestinal neuromuscular anomalies in a mouse model of gut dysfunctions typically observed with irritable bowel syndrome.

Psychological assessment is not commonly performed nor easily accepted by coloproctological patients. Our aim was to evaluate the psychological component of coloproctological disorders using uncommon tools.

The 21-Item Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale and the Pescatori projective test were applied to coloproctological outpatients of the Gastroenterology Department of our hospital as well as to healthy volunteers.

Seventy patients (median age 47 years, 22 male) divided in 4 groups (functional constipation, constipated irritable bowel syndrome, benign anorectal disease and perianal Crohn’s disease) and 52 healthy volunteers (age 45 years, 18 male) completed the tests. Proctological patients showed higher scores of depression (P<0.001), anxiety (P<0.001), and stress (P<0.001) compared to healthy participants. Compared to the control group, patients with functional constipation, irritable bowel syndrome and perianal Crohn’s disease maintained the highest scores in all subscales (P<0.05), while patients with benign anorectal disease only had higher anxiety and stress (P<0.001) scores. The patients’ also showed lower scores in the Pescatori projective test (P=0.012). A weak association between the projective test and the depression subscale was found (P=0.05).

Proctological patients had higher scores of depression, anxiety and stress and lower scores in the Pescatori projective test compared to healthy controls.

• Coloproctological disorders
• anxiety
• projective test
• psychometry
• stress and depression scales