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Elshnoudy IA, Eldamaty A, Aboelfetoh E, Elhosseny N, El Khonezy Z, Mahjoub R, Elkady R, Abd-Elsalam S, Bakhait A. Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practice towards Rabies in Gharbia Governorate, Egypt: A Cross-Sectional Study. Infect Disord Drug Targets 2025; 25:e230524230270. [PMID: 38797897 DOI: 10.2174/0118715265289905240503060341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rabies is a fatal infectious viral disease that affects all warm-blooded mammals, including humans. Rabid dogs are commonly found in Egypt. AIMS By assessing the knowledge, attitudes, and practices towards Rabies in Gharbia Governorate, Egypt, this KAP study aimed to improve knowledge of the populations dealing with infected wounds and rabid animals. It also aimed to generate baseline data that would be a reference for evaluating community awareness and aid in developing and administering appropriate rabies prevention strategies. METHODS This is a cross-sectional study that was carried out from June 2020 to October 2022 to assess the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of six different towns and villages from the El Gharbia government, Egypt, regarding rabies. A self-administered closed-ended questionnaire was used to collect the data from 326 participants by convenient sampling. The data were analyzed by SPSS statistical software version 21 using descriptive analysis and the Chi-square test. RESULTS Most of the respondents (73.6%) had heard about rabies mainly from mixed sources (formal and informal sources). The bite was considered to be the only mode of transmission of rabies by 49.4% of respondents, and only 10.7% and 14.4% of respondents answered that it could be transmitted by scratching and saliva contact, respectively. Nearly half of the participants (52.1%) believed that biting and sudden changes in behavior are the clinical signs and symptoms of rabies in humans. Most of the participants (70.9 %) knew that rabies could be prevented by vaccination, but (57.1%) of them did not know about the almost 100% fatal nature of rabies once the clinical signs developed. Residency, educational status, and age were found to be significantly associated with KAP of rabies (P<0.05). CONCLUSION There is a need for educational campaigns and mass media programs in the El Gharbia government, Egypt to increase the awareness of the community about rabies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Reem Mahjoub
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Reem Elkady
- Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Sherief Abd-Elsalam
- Department of Tropical Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Aya Bakhait
- Assistant lecturer at Public Health and Community Medicine, Department at Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
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Abdul Rahman SNF, Hamzah HA, Mustafa Mahmud MIA, Mat Harun N. Molecular Analysis and Ex Vivo Infectivity of Seronegative Occult Hepatitis C Virus: A Study in Single Haemodialysis Centre. Malays J Med Sci 2024; 31:30-42. [PMID: 38694575 PMCID: PMC11057825 DOI: 10.21315/mjms2024.31.2.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Background In occult hepatitis C virus infection (OCI), hepatitis C virus ribonucleic acid (HCV RNA) is detectable in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) but is not evident in serum or plasma. Understanding of OCI in patients with seronegative anti-HCV antibodies is limited. Methods In this study, six HCV isolates from haemodialysis (HD) patients with seronegative OCI were identified by molecular assays and phylogenetic analysis. The virus infectivity was assessed ex vivo using a primary naïve PBMC culture system. HCV isolates obtained from the PBMCs of 10 patients with chronic HCV infection (CCI) were characterised concurrently and used as positive controls in the cell culture. Results Sequence analysis of the 5' untranslated region (UTR) and non-structural 5B (NS5B) region revealed that HCV genotype 3 was the most prevalent virus type in both the OCI and CCI groups. One of the occult HCV isolates was identified as a mixed type. The mean viral load (log10 RNA copies/106 cells) in the PBMC samples of the OCI group (M = 3.4, SD = 0.7) was lower than that of the CCI group (M = 4.6, SD = 1.7). Upon culture, de novo OCI-HCV replicates were detected in five out of six naïve PBMC cultures. Analysis of the replicates showed a single guanine addition in the domain III of 5'-UTR but the overall molecular structure was retained. Conclusion Seronegative OCI is an active form of infection that replicates at a low level in PBMCs. Seronegative OCI may share the same route of transmission as CCI. The retained viral competency may have an implication for its persistence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siti Nurul Fazlin Abdul Rahman
- Microbiology Unit, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Kulliyyah of Medicine, International Islamic University Malaysia, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - Hairul Aini Hamzah
- Microbiology Unit, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Kulliyyah of Medicine, International Islamic University Malaysia, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - Mohammed Imad A. Mustafa Mahmud
- Microbiology Unit, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Kulliyyah of Medicine, International Islamic University Malaysia, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - Noraihan Mat Harun
- Molecular and Biochemistry Unit, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Kulliyyah of Medicine, International Islamic University Malaysia, Pahang, Malaysia
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Naguib H, Abouelnaga SF, Elsayed MM. Occult hepatitis C virus infection in hemodialysis patients who achieved a sustained virological response to directly acting antiviral drugs: is it a concern? Int Urol Nephrol 2024; 56:217-222. [PMID: 37209238 PMCID: PMC10776497 DOI: 10.1007/s11255-023-03621-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Hepatitis C virus infection is a major health problem in hemodialysis patients. Occult HCV infection is defined as the presence of HCV-RNA in hepatocytes or peripheral blood mononuclear cells without the detection of HCV-RNA in the serum. We aimed to evaluate the prevalence and predictors of occult HCV infection among hemodialysis patients after treatment with direct-acting antiviral agents. METHODS This research is a cross-sectional study that included 60 HCV patients maintained on regular HD patients who achieved 24 weeks of sustained virological response after treatment with direct-acting antiviral agents. Real-time PCR was performed to detect HCV-RNA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. RESULTS HCV-RNA was detected in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of three patients (5%). Occult HCV infection cases were treated by Interferon/ribavirin before direct-acting antiviral agents and two of them had raised pre-treatment alanine aminotransferase levels. Logistic regression analyses revealed that high pre-treatment viral load and raised pre-treatment alanine aminotransferase were associated with an increased risk of occult HCV infection with p value of 0.041 and 0.029, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Occult HCV infection in hemodialysis patients who achieved sustained virological response after treatment with direct-acting antiviral agents may occur, and this may necessitate dual testing for HCV in both serum and peripheral blood mononuclear cells to ensure viral clearance. CLINICAL TRIALS REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04719338.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hend Naguib
- Hepatology and Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Shady Fouad Abouelnaga
- Clinical and Chemical Pathology Department, Alexandria University Hospitals, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Mamdouh Elsayed
- Nephrology and Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.
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Abdel-Gawad M, Nour M, El-Raey F, Nagdy H, Almansoury Y, El-Kassas M. Gender differences in prevalence of hepatitis C virus infection in Egypt: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sci Rep 2023; 13:2499. [PMID: 36781919 PMCID: PMC9925441 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-29262-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Egypt is the country with the highest known hepatitis C virus (HCV) prevalence worldwide. The origin of gender differences in HCV prevalence is not usually well understood. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to review and evaluate the gender differences in HCV infection rates amongst Egyptians. Such data would be important to support prevention and control programs aiming to minimize HCV-related morbidity and mortality. PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science (WOS) were searched for relevant articles published from 1st January 2011 to 13th December 2021, using the search terms (HCV OR "hepatitis C" OR hepacivirus) AND (prevalence OR seroprevalence OR epidemiology OR incidence OR magnitude). At first, retrieved articles were screened, and then relevant data were extracted and analyzed. Descriptive statistics were used for data analysis. Out of 616 studies from databases, only 30 were included after the full-text screening, with 193,621 included participants: 97,597 male and 96,024 female. The overall seroprevalence of HCV antibodies in all included studies was 0.02 (CI - 0.23 to 0.28), with no significant difference between males and females. However, HCV RNA positivity was significantly more prevalent in males than females in adults and the general population (after excluding high-risk groups). In children, no statistically significant differences between males and females were found in the seroprevalence of HCV antibodies nor in the prevalence of PCR positivity. HCV RNA positivity is significantly higher in males than females in adults, while there are no gender differences in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Abdel-Gawad
- Hepatology, Gastroenterology, and Infectious Diseases Department, Assiut Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Nour
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Damietta Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Damietta, Egypt
- Faculty of Public Health and Health Informatics, Umm Al-Qura University, Mecca, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fathiya El-Raey
- Hepatogastroenterology and Infectious Diseases Department, Damietta Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Damietta, Egypt
| | - Hanaa Nagdy
- Internal Medicine Department, College of Medicine, Arab Academy for Science and Technology and Maritime Transport, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Yahya Almansoury
- Internal Medicine Department, Gastroenterology and Hepatology Division, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt
| | - Mohamed El-Kassas
- Endemic Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Helwan University, Ain Helwan, Cairo, 11795, Egypt.
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Ondigui JLN, Kenmoe S, Kengne-Ndé C, Ebogo-Belobo JT, Takuissu GR, Kenfack-Momo R, Mbaga DS, Tchatchouang S, Kenfack-Zanguim J, Fogang RL, Menkem EZ, Kame-Ngasse GI, Magoudjou-Pekam JN, Bowo-Ngandji A, Goumkwa NM, Esemu SN, Ndip L, Essama SHR, Torimiro J. Epidemiology of occult hepatitis B and C in Africa: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Infect Public Health 2022; 15:1436-1445. [PMID: 36395668 PMCID: PMC7613883 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2022.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Occult hepatitis B (OBI) and C (OCI) infections lead to hepatic crises including cases of liver cirrhosis and even hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). OBI and OCI also pose a significant problem of their transmissibility. This study aimed to assess the overall prevalence of OBI and OCI in the African continent, a region highly endemic for classical hepatitis B and C viruses. METHODS For this systematic review and meta-analysis, we searched: PubMed, Web of Science, African Journal Online and African Index Medicus for published studies on the prevalence of OBI and OCI in Africa. Study selection and data extraction were performed by at least two independent investigators. Heterogeneity (I²) was assessed using the χ² test on the Cochran Q statistic and H parameters. Sources of heterogeneity were explored by subgroup analyses. This study was registered in PROSPERO, with reference number CRD42021252772. RESULTS We obtained 157 prevalence data for this meta-analysis, from 134 studies for OBI prevalence; 23 studies on OCI prevalence, and a single study on the OBI case fatality rate. The overall estimate for the prevalence of OBI was 14.8% [95% CI = 12.2-17.7] among 18579 participants. The prevalence of seronegative OBI and seropositive OBI was 7.4% [95% CI = 3.8-11.8] and 20.0% [95% CI = 15.3-25.1] respectively. The overall estimate for the prevalence of OCI was 10.7% [95% CI = 6.6-15.4] among 2865 participants. The pooled prevalence of seronegative OCI was estimated at 10.7% [95%CI = 4.8-18.3] and that of seropositive OCI at 14.4% [95%CI = 5.2-22.1]. In Sub-group analysis, patients with malignancies, chronic hepatitis C, and hemodialysis had a higher OCI prevalence. While those with malignancies, liver disorders, and HIV positive registered highest OBI prevalence. CONCLUSION This review shows a high prevalence of OBI and OCI in Africa, with variable prevalence between countries and population groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliette Laure Ndzie Ondigui
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Yaounde I, Yaounde, Cameroon; Molecular Biology Laboratory, Chantal Biya International Reference Centre for AIDS Research (CIRCB), Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Sebastien Kenmoe
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon.
| | - Cyprien Kengne-Ndé
- Epidemiological Surveillance, Evaluation and Research Unit, National AIDS Control Committee, Douala, Cameroon
| | - Jean Thierry Ebogo-Belobo
- Medical Research Centre, Institute of Medical Research and Medicinal Plants Studies, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Guy Roussel Takuissu
- Centre for Food, Food Security and Nutrition Research, Institute of Medical Research and Medicinal Plants Studies, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Raoul Kenfack-Momo
- Department of Biochemistry, The University of Yaounde I, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Ginette Irma Kame-Ngasse
- Medical Research Centre, Institute of Medical Research and Medicinal Plants Studies, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | | | - Arnol Bowo-Ngandji
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Yaounde I, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Nadège Mafopa Goumkwa
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Chantal Biya International Reference Centre for AIDS Research (CIRCB), Yaounde, Cameroon
| | | | - Lucy Ndip
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon
| | | | - Judith Torimiro
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Chantal Biya International Reference Centre for AIDS Research (CIRCB), Yaounde, Cameroon
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Gabr AK, Hawash NI, Abd-Elsalam S, Badawi R, Soliman HH. Diagnostic Accuracy of Red Cell Distribution Width to Platelet Ratio for Detection of Liver Fibrosis Compared with Fibroscan in Chronic Hepatitis B Egyptian patients. THE OPEN BIOMARKERS JOURNAL 2022; 12. [DOI: 10.2174/18753183-v12-e2208150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Background and Aims:
The decision to treat chronic hepatitis B Virus infection (CHB) may necessitate an assessment of the degree of liver fibrosis. Guidelines recommend Fibroscan examination in such cases. However, it is costly and not widely available. Red cell distribution width (RDW) and platelet count are simple parameters obtained from the blood pictures; and their ratio RDW to platelet ratio (RPR) was claimed to correlate with liver fibrosis. We aimed to assess the ability of RPR to replace the costly fibroscan in the detection of significant fibrosis in chronic hepatitis B patients.
Patients and Methods:
This cross-sectional study was conducted in the Tropical medicine department, Tanta University, Egypt, between December 2018 and September 2019. One hundred and twenty-five patients with CHB were included and divided according to the fibroscan examination into: Group I: patients with no significant fibrosis (n=66), Group II: patients with significant (≥ F2) fibrosis (n=59). RPR was calculated for all patients and tested against Fibroscan results.
Results:
Both groups were matched in regards to age, sex, viral load, and steatosis. There was a significant positive correlation between the degree of stiffness measured by FibroScan in patients with a significant degree of fibrosis and serum bilirubin, a quantitative polymerase chain reaction of hepatitis B virus DNA (HBV DNA PCR), and fibrosis-4 score (FIB-4 score) (P value= 0.020, 0.049, and 0.0402, respectively). However, RPR was not correlated to the degree of fibrosis in fibroscan examination.
Conclusions:
The accuracy of RDW to platelet ratio (RPR) for the detection of fibrosis in CHB patients is questionable. FIB-4 is correlated with liver stiffness measurement (LSM) in patients with significant fibrosis (F2 or more). Neither RPR, AST to Platelet Ratio Index (APRI) or FIB4 can replace fibroscan for grading of fibrosis in CHB patients for evaluation to start therapy.
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Abdel-Gawad M, Abd-Elsalam S, Abdel-Gawad I, Tag-Adeen M, El-Sayed M, Abdel-Malek D. Seroprevalence of hepatitis C virus infection in children: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Liver Int 2022; 42:1241-1249. [PMID: 35220648 DOI: 10.1111/liv.15212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Estimates of paediatric hepatitis C virus (HCV) seroprevalence are needed to aid treatment scaling-up, screening and detection approach in this age range, with the ultimate goal of global HCV eradication. The aim of this study was to gather all of the available information on HCV seroprevalence in children all around the world. METHODS We searched PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science (WOS), Wiley and EBSCO databases for all studies evaluating HCV seroprevalence in children; however, studies examining seroprevalence in high-risk children or specific groups were excluded. RESULTS Only 20 articles with 48 963 people met our inclusion criteria, with an overall prevalence of 0.904% and a 95% confidence interval (CI) of 0.543 to 1.355. Seroprevalence was higher in research published prior to 2010 than in those published after 2010 (0.77% vs. 0.53%). CONCLUSION Few studies were conducted to assess the seroprevalence of HCV in children worldwide. However, the worldwide pooled seroprevalence of HCV in children in these studies is low (less than 1%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Abdel-Gawad
- Hepatology, Gastroenterology, and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Sherief Abd-Elsalam
- Tropical Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | | | - Mohammed Tag-Adeen
- Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt
| | - Marwa El-Sayed
- Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt
| | - Dalia Abdel-Malek
- Clinical Pharmacy, Egyptian Ministry of Health and Population, Assiut, Egypt
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Mbaga DS, Kenmoe S, Njiki Bikoï J, Takuissu GR, Amougou-Atsama M, Atenguena Okobalemba E, Ebogo-Belobo JT, Bowo-Ngandji A, Oyono MG, Magoudjou-Pekam JN, Kame-Ngasse GI, Nka AD, Feudjio AF, Zemnou-Tepap C, Adamou Velhima E, Ndzie Ondigui JL, Nayang-Mundo RA, Touangnou-Chamda SA, Kamtchueng Takeu Y, Taya-Fokou JB, Mbongue Mikangue CA, Kenfack-Momo R, Kengne-Ndé C, Sake CS, Esemu SN, Njouom R, Ndip L, Riwom Essama SH. Global prevalence of occult hepatitis C virus: A systematic review and meta-analysis. World J Methodol 2022; 12:179-190. [PMID: 35721241 PMCID: PMC9157636 DOI: 10.5662/wjm.v12.i3.179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Occult hepatitis C infection (OCI) is characterized by the presence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA in the liver, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and/or ultracentrifuged serum in the absence of detectable HCV-RNA in serum. OCI has been described in several categories of populations including hemodialysis patients, patients with a sustained virological response, immunocompromised individuals, patients with abnormal hepatic function, and apparently healthy subjects. AIM To highlight the global prevalence of OCI. METHODS We performed a systematic and comprehensive literature search in the following 4 electronic databases PubMed, EMBASE, Global Index Medicus, and Web of Science up to 6th May 2021 to retrieve relevant studies published in the field. Included studies were unrestricted population categories with known RNA status in serum, PBMC, liver tissue and/or ultracentrifuged serum. Data were extracted independently by each author and the Hoy et al tool was used to assess the quality of the included studies. We used the random-effect meta-analysis model to estimate the proportions of OCI and their 95% confidence intervals (95%CI). The Cochran's Q-test and the I 2 test statistics were used to assess heterogeneity between studies. Funnel plot and Egger test were used to examine publication bias. R software version 4.1.0 was used for all analyses. RESULTS The electronic search resulted in 3950 articles. We obtained 102 prevalence data from 85 included studies. The pooled prevalence of seronegative OCI was estimated to be 9.61% (95%CI: 6.84-12.73) with substantial heterogeneity [I² = 94.7% (95%CI: 93.8%-95.4%), P < 0.0001]. Seropositive OCI prevalence was estimated to be 13.39% (95%CI: 7.85-19.99) with substantial heterogeneity [I 2 = 93.0% (90.8%-94.7%)]. Higher seronegative OCI prevalence was found in Southern Europe and Northern Africa, and in patients with abnormal liver function, hematological disorders, and kidney diseases. Higher seropositive OCI prevalence was found in Southern Europe, Northern America, and Northern Africa. CONCLUSION In conclusion, in the present study, it appears that the burden of OCI is high and variable across the different regions and population categories. Further studies on OCI are needed to assess the transmissibility, clinical significance, long-term outcome, and need for treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donatien Serge Mbaga
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Yaounde I, Yaounde 00237, Cameroon
| | - Sebastien Kenmoe
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Buea, Buea 00237, Cameroon
- Department of Virology, Centre Pasteur of Cameroon, Yaounde 00237, Cameroon
| | - Jacky Njiki Bikoï
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Yaounde I, Yaounde 00237, Cameroon
| | - Guy Roussel Takuissu
- Centre of Research in Food, Food Security and Nutrition, Institute of Medical Research and Medicinal Plants Studies, Yaounde 00237, Cameroon
| | - Marie Amougou-Atsama
- Centre de Recherche sur les Maladies Emergentes et Re-Emergentes, Institute of Medical Research and Medicinal Plants Studies, Yaounde 00237, Cameroon
| | | | - Jean Thierry Ebogo-Belobo
- Medical Research Centre, Institute of Medical Research and Medicinal Plants Studies, Yaounde 00237, Cameroon
| | - Arnol Bowo-Ngandji
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Yaounde I, Yaounde 00237, Cameroon
| | - Martin Gael Oyono
- Laboratory of Parasitology and Ecology, The University of Yaounde I, Yaounde 00237, Cameroon
| | | | - Ginette Irma Kame-Ngasse
- Medical Research Centre, Institute of Medical Research and Medicinal Plants Studies, Yaounde 00237, Cameroon
| | - Alex Durand Nka
- Virology Laboratory, Chantal Biya International Reference Center for Research on HIV/AIDS Prevention and Management, Yaounde 00237, Cameroon
| | | | - Cromwel Zemnou-Tepap
- Department of Biochemistry, The University of Yaounde I, Yaounde 00237, Cameroon
| | - Elie Adamou Velhima
- Medical Research Centre, Institute of Medical Research and Medicinal Plants Studies, Yaounde 00237, Cameroon
| | | | | | | | - Yrene Kamtchueng Takeu
- Medical Research Centre, Institute of Medical Research and Medicinal Plants Studies, Yaounde 00237, Cameroon
| | | | | | - Raoul Kenfack-Momo
- Department of Biochemistry, The University of Yaounde I, Yaounde 00237, Cameroon
| | - Cyprien Kengne-Ndé
- Epidemiological Surveillance, Evaluation and Research Unit, National Aids Control Committee, Douala 00237, Cameroon
| | | | - Seraphine Nkie Esemu
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Buea, Buea 00237, Cameroon
| | - Richard Njouom
- Department of Virology, Centre Pasteur of Cameroon, Yaounde 00237, Cameroon
| | - Lucy Ndip
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Buea, Buea 00237, Cameroon
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Asal FE, Yousef M, Abdraboh HAA, Abd-Elsalam S, Abdelaziz Shama AA, Elbahnasawy M, Elnaggar MH, Alsrogy HA, Elashry H. Role of Serum Cystatin C as a Diagnostic Tool for Renal Function in Cirrhotic Patients. THE OPEN BIOMARKERS JOURNAL 2022; 12. [DOI: 10.2174/18753183-v12-e2203210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Background:
Assessment of cystatin C levels could be valuable in the early detection of renal dysfunction because they increase faster than the creatinine levels as the GFR decreases. The aim of this work was to evaluate serum cystatin C as a diagnostic tool for renal dysfunction in cirrhotic patients with and without hepatorenal syndrome (HRS).
Methods:
This case-control study was conducted on 60 patients from the Tropical Medicine Department of Tanta University Hospitals and 10 people served as healthy control volunteers. Serum cystatin C was measured in the three groups.
Results:
A significant difference was observed among the three groups as cystatin C was higher in patients with HRS compared to the cirrhotic group and healthy controls.
Conclusion:
Serum cystatin C is a good predictor for hepatorenal syndrome with a good correlation with serum creatinine, blood urea, GFR, and creatinine clearance.
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10
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Occult Infection with Hepatitis C Virus: Looking for Clear-Cut Boundaries and Methodological Consensus. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10245874. [PMID: 34945170 PMCID: PMC8707082 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10245874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The sustained virologic response and elimination of HCV is widely viewed as a true cure of chronic hepatitis C as it associates with amelioration of histological liver damage and improved clinical outcomes. Therefore, the existence and clinical burden of occult HCV infection (OCI) has been a controversial issue for many years. In this review, we summarize recently published data that adds new information on the molecular and clinical background of OCI and its epidemiological significance. We also identify and discuss the most important methodological pitfalls, which can be a source of inconsistency between studies. Data that have accumulated so far, strongly support the existence of extrahepatic HCV replication in individuals negative for serum HCV-RNA by conventional clinical tests. OCI emerges as a condition where the immune system is unable to fully resolve infection but it is continuously stimulated by low levels of HCV antigens, leading to progression of liver pathology and extrahepatic HCV-related complications. Moreover, the development of monitoring strategies or management guidelines for OCI is still hampered by the lack of clear definition and the confusion regarding its clinical significance. Careful study design and the introduction of uniform protocols for the detection of low-level HCV-RNA are crucial for obtaining reliable data on OCI.
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Badawi R, Abu Rahma MZ, Ramadan HK, Soliman S, Mohareb DA, Hawash N, Elkafoury R, Abd-Elsalam S. Lipid Profiles as Markers for the Severity of Liver Diseases in Cirrhotic Patients. THE OPEN BIOMARKERS JOURNAL 2021; 11:93-98. [DOI: 10.2174/1875318302111010093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Background
Liver cirrhosis is a diffuse process in which the anatomical structure and function of the liver are disturbed. Lipid metabolism occurs mainly in the hepatocytes. In liver cirrhosis, it is expected to detect abnormal lipid profile and abnormal neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio due to necro-inflammation and hepatocyte dysfunction. This study aimed to estimate the lipid profile in patients with liver cirrhosis and to assess its relation to the severity of the liver disease based on Child-Pugh Turcotte score and Neutrophil to Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR).
Methods:
This study included 500 cirrhotic patients. All patients are subjected to history taking, clinical examination, liver and renal function tests, lipid profile, and also abdomino-pelvic ultrasound. Child -Pugh score, fibrosis-4 score (FIB4), and neutrophil and platelet lymphocyte ratio were calculated.
Results:
A total of 500 patients were enrolled in this study; 12 patients were excluded (two patients were on the immunosuppressive drug, three patients had body mass index (BMI) >30, and seven patients took lipid-lowering drugs). Cholesterol level was significantly higher in patients with Child- Score A than B and C. Cholesterol, Low-Density Lipoprotein (LDL), and very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) cholesterol were significantly higher in Child B than C. A significant negative correlation was found between cholesterol level and each of FIB4 and NLR ratios.
Conclusion:
There was a significant negative correlation between the severity of liver cirrhosis and lipid profiles (except triglyceride), FIB4 and NLR ratio.
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Farshadpour F, Taherkhani R, Bakhtiari F. Prevalence and Predominant Genotype of Hepatitis C Virus Infection and Associated Risk Factors among Pregnant Women in Iran. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:9294276. [PMID: 34589552 PMCID: PMC8476243 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9294276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Knowledge regarding the prevalence and risk factors of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection among pregnant women can give clue to health care providers regarding the appropriate management of HCV infection. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the prevalence, genotypic pattern, and risk factors of HCV infection among pregnant women in the northern shores of the Persian Gulf, south of Iran. METHODS From January 2018 to June 2019, serum samples were obtained from 1425 pregnant women, ages ranging from 14 to 46 years (28.1 ± 5.99). Serum samples were tested for detection of anti-HCV antibodies using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) (HCV Ab ELISA kit, Dia.Pro, Milan, Italy). Following the extraction of nucleic acid, the molecular evaluation of HCV infection was performed by seminested reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction assay (RT-PCR), targeting the 5' untranslated region (5'UTR) and core of HCV genome and sequencing. RESULTS Of the 1425 pregnant women, 19 women (1.33%, 95% CI: 0.85%-2.07%) were positive for anti-HCV antibodies. The majority of HCV-seropositive women were in the third trimester of pregnancy, educated, and had a history of blood transfusion, abortion, surgery, or dentistry. Moreover, Arab and Fars pregnant women and those aged >39 years had the highest rate of HCV seroprevalence. Nevertheless, none of these variables were significantly associated with HCV seropositivity. In contrast, HCV seropositivity was associated with place of residency, so that residents of Khormuj city had significantly higher HCV seroprevalence compared to the residents of other cities (OR: 7.05; 95% CI: 1.75-28.39; P = 0.006). According to the molecular evaluation, 9 of the 19 HCV-seropositive pregnant women (47.37%) had HCV viremia with genotype 3a. CONCLUSION This study reports the HCV prevalence of 1.33% for anti-HCV antibodies and 0.63% for HCV RNA among pregnant women in the south of Iran. Considering the asymptomatic nature of chronic HCV infection and the fact that vertical transmission is possible in women with detectable viremia, therefore, screening of women before pregnancy is recommended to reduce the risk of HCV infection and its complications during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Farshadpour
- Department of Virology, School of Medicine, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
- Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Reza Taherkhani
- Department of Virology, School of Medicine, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
- Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Farkhondeh Bakhtiari
- Department of Virology, School of Medicine, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
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Naguib GG, Michael TG, Elshazly Y, Wahdan MM, Mostafa A, Ahmed OA, Dabbous H, Aly HIS, Shaker MK, Elbaz HS, El-Serafy M, Doss W, Abd-Elsalam S, El-Sayed MH. The outcome of re-treatment of relapsed hepatitis C virus infection in a resource-limited setting. Virusdisease 2021; 32:582-588. [PMID: 34631983 PMCID: PMC8473466 DOI: 10.1007/s13337-021-00712-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to compare efficacy and safety of different combination regimens in re-treatment of HCV in the setting of inaccessibility of resistance testing. This real-life prospective study included 86 chronic HCV infected patients who experienced failure of treatment treated at Faculty of Medicine Ain shams Research Institute (MASRI) since 2018. 64% of the patients were males, with median age 50.2 years. They were re-treated using 1 of 3 proposed regimens of DAA combinations. One group received PAR/OMB/SOF/RBV for 12 weeks, another group received SOF/DAC/SIM/RBV for 12 weeks and a third received SOF/DAC/RBV for 24 weeks. Response to different regimens was assessed by comparing sustained virologic response (SVR) of each. Monitoring the occurrence of adverse events was performed. SVR was achieved in all but 3 patients (96.5% SVR), one in the SOF/DAC/SIM/RBV group and two in the SOF/DAC/RBV group. The group receiving RBV had more anaemia and hyperbilirubinemia. The first treatment regimen used was a significant predictor to SVR achievement. This study presents alternative treatment regimens for re-treatment of HCV patients in areas with limited resources in the case of non-availability of other regimens as velpatasvir, voxilaprevir, grazoprevir, elbasvir.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gina Gamal Naguib
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Tari George Michael
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Yehia Elshazly
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Maha Magdy Wahdan
- Department of Community, Environmental, and Occupational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Aya Mostafa
- Department of Community, Environmental, and Occupational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ossama Ashraf Ahmed
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hany Dabbous
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Heba Ismail Saad Aly
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Kamal Shaker
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hosam Samir Elbaz
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Magdy El-Serafy
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Wahid Doss
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Sherief Abd-Elsalam
- Department of Tropical Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Tanta University, Tanta, 35127 Egypt
| | - Manal Hamdy El-Sayed
- Department of Pediatrics and Clinical Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
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Elbedewy TA, Elashtokhy HEA, Abd-Elsalam S, Suliman MA. Hepatitis C Virus Infection and Treatment as Independent Prognostic Factors in Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma Egyptian Patients. Curr Cancer Drug Targets 2021; 20:638-645. [PMID: 32392114 DOI: 10.2174/1568009620666200511084731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Egypt is one of the highest hepatitis C virus (HCV) endemic areas. Chronic HCV infection has extra-hepatic manifestations, including non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is commonly associated with HCV infection. The prognostic value of HCV infection and HCV treatment in patients with DLBCL remains unclear until now. OBJECTIVE The aim of our study is to evaluate the impact of HCV infection and HCV treatment as independent prognostic factors on the event-free survival (EFS) and overall survival (OS) in Egyptian patients with HCV associated DLBCL. METHODS This study included 353 patients with DLBCL, collected retrospectively. While 34 patients with HCV who received HCV antiviral therapy were collected prospectively. Patient's characteristics were collected from the patient records at the time of diagnosis. The status of the patients about HCV infection and HCV treatment were also recorded. Disease progression, relapse, retreatment or deaths were also verified through medical records. EFS and OS were calculated. RESULTS EFS and OS significantly decrease in HCV infected and HCV non-treated patients when compared with HCV non-infected and HCV treated patients, respectively. HCV infection but not HCV treatment was independently associated with EFS and OS using univariate and multivariate analysis. CONCLUSION Hepatitis C virus infection is an independent prognostic factor for EFS and OS in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. HCV treatment is associated with higher EFS and OS but can not be considered as an independent prognostic factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamer A Elbedewy
- Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | | | | | - Marwa A Suliman
- Clinical Oncology and Nuclear Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Al Ismailia, Egypt
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15
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Hedayati-Moghaddam MR, Soltanian H, Ahmadi-Ghezeldasht S. Occult hepatitis C virus infection in the Middle East and Eastern Mediterranean countries: A systematic review and meta-analysis. World J Hepatol 2021; 13:242-260. [PMID: 33708353 PMCID: PMC7934012 DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v13.i2.242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The presence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA in liver tissue or peripheral blood mononuclear cells with no identified virus genome in the serum has been reported worldwide among patients with either normal or elevated serum liver enzymes. The characterization of occult HCV infection (OCI) epidemiology in the Middle East and Eastern Mediterranean (M and E) countries, a region with the highest incidence and prevalence rates of HCV infection in the world, would be effective for more appropriate control of the infection. AIM To estimate the pooled prevalence of OCI in M and E countries using a systematic review and meta-analysis. METHODS A systematic literature search was performed using international, regional and local electronic databases. Some conference proceedings and references from bibliographies were also reviewed manually. The search was carried out during May and June 2020. Original observational surveys were considered if they assessed the prevalence of OCI among the population of M and E countries by examination of HCV nucleic acid in peripheral blood mononuclear cells in at least 30 cases selected by random or non-random sampling methods. The meta-analysis was performed using Comprehensive Meta-analysis software based on heterogeneity assessed by Cochran's Q test and I-square statistics. Data were considered statistically significant at a P value < 0.05. RESULTS A total of 116 non-duplicated citations were found in electronic sources and grey literature. A total of 51 non-overlapping original surveys were appraised, of which 37 met the inclusion criteria and were included in the analysis. Data were available from 5 of 26 countries including Egypt, Iran, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, and Turkey. The overall prevalence rate of OCI was estimated at 10.04% (95%CI: 7.66%-13.05%). The lowest OCI rate was observed among healthy subjects (4.79%, 95%CI: 2.86%-7.93%). The higher rates were estimated for patients suffering from chronic liver diseases (12.04%, 95%CI: 5.87%-23.10%), and multi-transfused patients (8.71%, 95%CI: 6.05%-12.39%). Subgroup analysis indicated that the OCI rates were probably not associated with the studied subpopulations, country, year of study, the detection method of HCV RNA, sample size, patients' HCV serostatus, and sex (all P > 0.05). Meta-regression analyses showed no significant time trends in OCI rates among different groups. CONCLUSION This review estimated high rates of OCI prevalence in M and E countries, especially among multi-transfused patients as well as patients with chronic liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Reza Hedayati-Moghaddam
- Blood Borne Infections Research Center, Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR), Razavi Khorasan Branch, Mashhad 91779-49367, Iran.
| | - Hossein Soltanian
- Blood Borne Infections Research Center, Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR), Razavi Khorasan Branch, Mashhad 91779-49367, Iran
| | - Sanaz Ahmadi-Ghezeldasht
- Blood Borne Infections Research Center, Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR), Razavi Khorasan Branch, Mashhad 91779-49367, Iran
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16
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Elbedewy TA, Abd-Elsalam S, Mostafa SM, Abdellatif RS, Fouad A, Youssef M, Abo-Amer YEE, Elsebaey MA. Sofosbuvir/Ledipasvir for Treatment of Chronic Hepatitis C Infection in Adult Patients with β- Thalassemia Major: A Real-Life Study. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets 2021; 22:290-296. [PMID: 33530921 DOI: 10.2174/1871530321666210202150538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 12/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background&Aims:Patients with thalassemia have lifelong need for blood transfusion, makes them more risky to hepatitis C virus (HCV). Iron overload and chronic HCV are considered risk factors for patients with thalassemia to develop liver insults. The aim of the present study is to investigate the safety and efficacy of sofosbuvir/ledipasvir in treatment of chronic HCV infection in Egyptian adult patients with β- thalassemia major. METHODS Aretrospective study included 53 patients with β-thalassemia major with chronic HCV treated with sofosbuvir (400 mg) and ledipasvir (90 mg) as a single pill fixed dose combination once daily for 12 weeks. The effectiveness of treatment was assessed by sustained virologic response (SVR) at 12 weeks after the end of treatment. RESULTS SVR was achieved in 96.23% of patients. 47.17% of patients had minor side effects. There was a significant reduction in ALT, AST, and serum ferritin 12 weeks post-therapy. There was insignificant change in hemoglobin level, or blood transfusion requirement 12 weeks post-therapy. There was no change in iron chelators doses throughout the study period. CONCLUSION Sofosbuvir/ledipasvir regimen seems to be safe and highly effective in treatment of chronic HCV in patients with β-thalassemia major.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamer A Elbedewy
- Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta. Egypt
| | - Sherief Abd-Elsalam
- Tropical Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta. Egypt
| | - Sahar Mohamed Mostafa
- Hepato-gastroentrology department, National Hepatology and Tropical Medicine Research Institute,Cairo. Egypt
| | - Raghda Samir Abdellatif
- Clinical pathology department, National hepatolgy and tropical medicine research institute, Cairo. Egypt
| | - Amina Fouad
- Clinical pathology department, National hepatolgy and tropical medicine research institute, Cairo. Egypt
| | - Mona Youssef
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology,Benha Teaching Hospital, Benha. Egypt
| | - Yousry Esam-Eldin Abo-Amer
- Hepatology, Gastroenterology and Infectious Diseases Department, Mahala Hepatology Teaching Hospital, Gharbia. Egypt
| | - Mohamed A Elsebaey
- Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta. Egypt
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17
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Evaluation of Serum and Gene Expression of Galectin-4, Interleukin-27, and Complement-7 in Hepatitis C Virus-Infected Egyptian Patients. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:8879758. [PMID: 33381596 PMCID: PMC7758134 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8879758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Background Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is considered a major global public health problem. Recently, there are great advances in HCV therapy, but there are some limitations that are creating an urgent need for assessment of some cytokines that have a potent antiviral effect in the immune system and anti-inflammatory effects to provide a potential novel immunotherapeutic target in HCV infection. Objective This study was directed to assess the serum levels and gene expression levels of Galectin-4 (LEG4), Interleukin-27 (IL-27), and Complement-7 (C-7) and their correlation with the viral load in HCV infection. Subjects and Methods. This work was conducted on 80 subjects, Group 1 (n = 40) early detected HCV patients and Group 2 (n = 40) healthy controls. LEG4, IL-27, and C-7 were assessed at the protein levels by ELISA, and their gene expression was assessed by RT-qPCR. The viral load was measured by PCR. Results There were significant elevations in the mean levels of gene expression and serum levels of all studied parameters LEG4, IL-27, and C-7 in the HCV group compared to the control group. Significant negative correlations between the viral load and each of the serum proteins and gene expressions of both LEG4 and IL-27 in HCV patients were found. The gene expression levels of LEG4, IL-27, and C-7 were positively correlated with their corresponding serum proteins in HCV patients. Conclusion LEG4 and IL-27 showed significant negative correlations with the viral load, which could be an immune response to the control of the extent of hepatic inflammation, thus creating a potential novel immunotherapeutic approach in HCV infection for further studies or therapeutic clinical trials.
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18
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Abd-Elsalam S, Abo-Amer YEE, El-Abgeegy M, Elshweikh SA, Elsergany HF, Ahmed R, Elkadeem M, Hawash N, Soliman S, Badawi R, Elguindy AMA, Soliman MY, Mohmed AA, Mansour L. Efficacy and safety of ombitasvir/paritaprevir/ritonavir/ribavirin in management of Egyptian chronic hepatitis C virus patients with chronic kidney disease: A real-life experience. Medicine (Baltimore) 2020; 99:e21972. [PMID: 33080669 PMCID: PMC7572016 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000021972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Treatment of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in patients with chronic kidney disease was difficult in the past because of the use of interferon (IFN). It was associated with high risk IFN-related adverse reactions due to reduced renal clearance of IFN. This study aimed to evaluate the antiviral efficacy, safety, and tolerability of ombitasvir/paritaprevir/ritonavir/ribavirin in chronic kidney disease patients infected with chronic HCV.This observational, open-label prospective study was carried out on 103 patients infected chronic HCV with different grades of renal impairment. Paritaprevir/ritonavir and ombitasvir (75/50/12.5 mg) twice daily plus ribavirin were given to the patients for 12 weeks. Dose adjustment of ribavirin was done according to degree of renal impairment.Sustained virological response (12 weeks after the end of treatment) occurred in 101 patients (98.1%). Anemia occurred in 48 patients. No serious adverse events were observed in any patient.Paritaprevir/ritonavir and ombitasvir plus ribavirin for 12 weeks was considered to be safe and effective in the treatment of chronic HCV infected patients with varying degrees of renal impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherief Abd-Elsalam
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Yousry Esam-Eldin Abo-Amer
- Hepatology, Gastroenterology and Infectious Diseases Department, Mahala Hepatology Teaching Hospital, Gharbia
| | - Mohamed El-Abgeegy
- National Hepatology and Tropical Medicine Research Institute in Cairo, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Heba Fadl Elsergany
- National Hepatology and Tropical Medicine Research Institute in Cairo, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Rehab Ahmed
- National Hepatology and Tropical Medicine Research Institute in Cairo, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud Elkadeem
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Nehad Hawash
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Shaimaa Soliman
- Department of Public health and Community medicine, Menofia University, Menofia, Egypt
| | - Rehab Badawi
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | | | - Moataz Yousry Soliman
- Hepatology, Gastroenterology and Infectious Diseases Department, Mahala Hepatology Teaching Hospital, Gharbia
| | | | - Loai Mansour
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
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Mahmoudvand S, Shokri S, Azaran A, Seyedian SS, Makvandi M, Mirzaei H, Sheikhrobat SB. Seronegative occult hepatitis C infection among hemodialysis patients: A prevalence study. Ther Apher Dial 2020; 25:218-224. [PMID: 32510846 DOI: 10.1111/1744-9987.13535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of occult hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection (OCI) among HD patients. Blood samples were taken from 79 HD patients and their sera were evaluated for the presence of anti-HCV. Both the sera and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were then checked for HCV RNA by nested reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. Anti-HCV was positive among 4/79 (5.1%) of the patients. From 75 patients who were negative for anti-HCV, 71 (94.7%) patients were also negative for HCV RNA in sera samples but five of them were positive for HCV RNA in PBMCs. Totally, out of 79 patients, HCV RNA was detected in PBMCs of five (6.3%) patients, indicating that these patients had OCI. No significant difference was observed between the frequency of OCI and gender (P-value = .6). HCV genotype in all five cases of OCI was genotype 3a. Our study showed prevalence rate of 6.3% OCI infection in HD patients. Regarding the serious complications and the clinical importance of OCI in HD patients, sensitive diagnostic methods for identifying HCV RNA in the PBMCs should be implemented for all HD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahab Mahmoudvand
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.,Department of Virology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Somayeh Shokri
- Department of Virology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Azarakhsh Azaran
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.,Department of Virology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Seyed S Seyedian
- Alimentary Tract Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Manoochehr Makvandi
- Department of Virology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Habibollah Mirzaei
- Department of Virology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Sheida B Sheikhrobat
- Department of Virology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
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20
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Alduraywish A, Ragheb M, Taher I, Louis N, Aldossari K, Kishk R. Prevalence, risk factors and impact of occult HCV infection on liver morbidity among haemodialysis patients: hospital-based cross-sectional study. Scand J Gastroenterol 2020; 55:963-969. [PMID: 32649843 DOI: 10.1080/00365521.2020.1790649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Haemodialysis (HD) patients are at risk for blood-borne infections as occult HCV infection, which justifies comprehensive studies. We aimed to determine the prevalence and risk factors of occult HCV infection (OCI) among HD patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS One hundred eligible HD patients, with no evidence of overt HCV or HBV and HBV vaccinated were recruited, and tested for HCV, HBV markers and HCV RNA. Two HCV-positive patients were excluded and peripheral mononuclear cells of 98 patients were verified for viraemia. RESULTS OCI was detected in eight (8.16%); with a median viral load of 7010copies/ml. Their mean age was 30.63 (±18.87 years) compared to others (41.73 ± 15.93) (p = .069). History of surgery, dental procedure, and blood transfusion was comparably high in both groups (p > .05). All OCI patients underwent dialysis twice weekly compared to 48.9% of non-OCI patients (p = .006). OCI patients had a significantly higher mean duration of dialysis (12.63 ± 6.74 years), and a significantly higher frequency (50%) of HCV Ab compared to 6.48 ± 4.76, and 10%, respectively, in non-OCI patients. None of OCI patients was reactive to HBcAb compared to 34 (37.8%) patients without (p = .048). Evidence of liver morbidity was detected in 5 (62.5%) OCI patients compared to 43 (47.7%) of non-OCI patients (p > .05). CONCLUSION Among our HD patients, OCI is considered a comorbid finding associated with mild liver morbidity that warrants strict infection control and periodic testing for blood borne infections.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mostafa Ragheb
- Department of Endemic and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Ibrahim Taher
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Jouf University, Skaka, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nageh Louis
- Department of Endemic and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Khaled Aldossari
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rania Kishk
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
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21
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Abo-amer YEE, Badawi R, El-Abgeegy M, Elsergany HF, Mohamed AA, Mostafa SM, Alegaily HS, Soliman S, Elnawasany S, Abd-Elsalam S. Quadruple Therapy Offers High SVR Rates in Patients with HCV Genotype 4 with Previous Treatment Failure. Adv Virol 2020; 2020:9075905. [PMID: 32774374 PMCID: PMC7396033 DOI: 10.1155/2020/9075905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Revised: 07/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) have made a revolution in hepatitis C virus (HCV) treatment with promising reduction of HCV infection and disease morbidities. However, unfortunately, treatment failure still occurs in about 5-15% of patients treated with DAA-based combination regimens. The primary aim of the study was to assess the efficacy and safety of a quadruple regimen of (sofosbuvir, daclatasvir, and simeprevir with a weight-based ribavirin) in chronic HCV DAAs-experienced patients. METHODS This observational, open-label prospective study was carried out on 103 genotype 4 hepatitis C virus-infected patients who failed to achieve SVR12 after sofosbuvir-daclatasvir with or without ribavirin. Patients were treated for three months with sofosbuvir (400 mg), daclatasvir (60 mg), and simeprevir (150 mg) with a weight-based ribavirin dosage (1000-1200 mg/d). Response to treatment was determined by quantitative PCR for HCV at 3 months after the end of treatment (SVR12), and adverse events during the treatment were recorded. RESULTS SVR was achieved in 100 patients (97.1%) at week 12 after treatment. No dangerous or life-threatening adverse events were recorded. CONCLUSIONS Retreatment of HCV genotype 4 patients with quadruple therapy is a good therapeutic option and achieves high response rates with minimal side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yousry Esam-Eldin Abo-amer
- Hepatology, Gastroenterology, and Infectious Diseases Department, Mahala Hepatology Teaching Hospital, Gharbia, Egypt
| | - Rehab Badawi
- Tropical Medicine Department, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Mohamed El-Abgeegy
- Hepatology and Liver Transplantation Departments, National Hepatology and Tropical Medicine Research Institute, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Heba Fadl Elsergany
- Hepatology and Liver Transplantation Departments, National Hepatology and Tropical Medicine Research Institute, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Abdelhaleem Mohamed
- Hepatology and Liver Transplantation Departments, National Hepatology and Tropical Medicine Research Institute, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Sahar Mohamed Mostafa
- Hepatology and Liver Transplantation Departments, National Hepatology and Tropical Medicine Research Institute, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hatem Samir Alegaily
- Hepatology, Gastroenterology, and Infectious Diseases Department, Benha Faculty of Medicine, Benha, Egypt
| | - Shaimaa Soliman
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Menofia University, Menofia, Egypt
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Zied HY, Abo Alnasr NM, El-Bendary AS, Abd-Elsalam S, Hagag RY. Effect of treatment with direct antiviral agents (DAAs) on glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus & hepatitis C virus genotype 4. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2020; 14:679-682. [PMID: 32438332 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2020.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 05/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS It is widely recognized that chronic hepatitis C is a metabolic disease that is strongly associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and insulin resistance (IR). The evidence behind the effect of Direct Anti-Viral Agents (DAAs) therapy on T2DM is conflicting. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of treatment with DAAs on glycemic control in patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus and chronic hepatitis C virus genotype 4. METHODS This study was a prospective study that conducted on 100 patients with chronic hepatitis C and Type-2 diabetes mellitus, selected from Kafr El-Sheikh Liver Research Center treated with Direct Anti-Viral Agents (DAAs) during the period from September 1, 2017 to last of August 2018. All patients in the study were subjected to the following: Full history taking stressing on the age, gender, previous treatment; clinical examination and laboratory investigations. HBA1C was assessed before and after DAAs treatment. RESULTS In the present study, there was a significant decrease of baseline fasting blood glucose levels after treatment when compared with before treatment. Also, there was a significant decrease of 2 h post prandial blood glucose after treatment when compared with before treatment. There was significant decrease of HBA1c levels after treatment when compared with before treatment. CONCLUSIONS DAAs treatment significantly improved the fasting blood glucose and help better glycemic control. This study augments the importance and the benefits of new Direct Anti-Viral Agents interferon free regimens in diabetic HCV infected patients.
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Nafari AH, Ayadi A, Noormohamadi Z, Sakhaee F, Vaziri F, Siadat SD, Fateh A. Occult hepatitis C virus infection in hemophilia patients and its correlation with interferon lambda 3 and 4 polymorphisms. INFECTION, GENETICS AND EVOLUTION : JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY AND EVOLUTIONARY GENETICS IN INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2020; 79:104144. [PMID: 31838260 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2019.104144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Revised: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Occult HCV infection (OCI) is described as the presence of HCV RNA in the liver and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), with no HCV RNA in the serum. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) near interferon lambda 3/4 (IFNL3/4) gene are associated with spontaneous clearance and treatment response in patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. In this study, we evaluated the frequency of OCI in hemophilia patients and determined the association of three IFNL3 SNPs (rs12979860, rs12980275, and rs8099917) and IFNL4 ss469415590 with OCI positivity. A total of 450 hemophilia patients with HCV negative markers were included in this study. Positive- and negative-stranded HCV-RNA was determined in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) samples by reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) method. IFNL3 SNPs and IFNL4 ss469415590 were genotyped by PCR-RFLP and TaqMan® Real-Time PCR methods, respectively. The frequency of OCI was estimated at 10.2%. Among 46 OCI patients, 56.5%, 23.9%, and 19.6% were infected with HCV-1b, HCV-1a, and HCV-3a, respectively. Compared to patients without OCI, unfavorable IFNL3 rs12979860 TT, IFNL3 rs8099917 GG, IFNL3 rs12980275 GG, and IFNL4 ss469415590 ∆G/∆G genotypes were more frequently reported in OCI patients. The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that alanine aminotransferase (ALT), cholesterol, triglyceride, IFNL3 rs12979860 (TT), IFNL3 rs8099917 (GG), IFNL3 rs12980275 (GG), and IFNL4 ss469415590 (∆G/∆G) were associated with OCI positivity. In conclusion, we studied the incidence of OCI in Iranian patients with hemophilia for the first time. Our results demonstrated that unfavorable genotypes of IFNL3 SNPs and IFNL4 ss469415590 have a strong relationship with OCI positivity. It seems that the host immune response plays a vital role in OCI positivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Hossein Nafari
- Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Ayadi
- Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Noormohamadi
- Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Sakhaee
- Department of Mycobacteriology and Pulmonary Research, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farzam Vaziri
- Department of Mycobacteriology and Pulmonary Research, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran; Microbiology Research Center (MRC), Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Davar Siadat
- Department of Mycobacteriology and Pulmonary Research, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran; Microbiology Research Center (MRC), Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abolfazl Fateh
- Department of Mycobacteriology and Pulmonary Research, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran; Microbiology Research Center (MRC), Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
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Abo-Elenein AM, Mabrouk MM, Abou-Saif S, Saeed OM, Khodeir S, Elkadeem M, Elashry H, Haydara T, Zaghloul MS, Seleem WM, Elshweikh SA, Abd-Elsalam S. Role of Both Protein C and Antithrombin III as Predictors of Stage of Liver Disease in Chronic Viral Hepatitis B or C Infected Patients. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets 2020; 20:112-117. [PMID: 31142255 DOI: 10.2174/1871530319666190529092555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Revised: 04/06/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Chronic liver disease is characterized by complex hemostatic disorders because the liver is the site where most of the coagulation factors and their inhibitors are synthesized. The aim of this study was the evaluation of protein C and antithrombin III in different stages of chronic hepatitis B and C and to determine their possible role as markers of liver cell damage in different clinical stages. METHODS The study included 60 subjects who were subdivided into 4 groups: (Group I): 15 patients diagnosed as chronic viral hepatitis B or C, (Group II): 15 patients with compensated liver cirrhosis, (Group III): 15 patients with decompensated liver cirrhosis, and (Group IV) (control group): 15 healthy individuals. History taking, clinical examination and abdominal ultrasonography were made for all subjects. Investigations were done in the form of liver function tests (ALT, AST, ALP, serum bilirubin, and serum albumin), PT, PTT, CBC. Plasma levels of Antithrombin III & protein C were estimated by automated Stago compact coagulation analyzer. RESULTS In all patient groups, the mean value of Protein C showed significant decrease when compared to control group, mean value of antithrombin III showed a significant decrease in compensated and decompensated subjects when compared to chronic hepatitis and control groups. Antithrombin III and protein C showed a significant negative correlation with (ALT, AST, PT, PTT, INR). However, this correlation was positive with Albumin. CONCLUSION Antithrombin III and protein C are natural anticoagulants and can be considered as markers of different stages of chronic liver disease. This is supported further by the comparison between the levels of these parameters and clinical stages of liver disease. Protein C is more sensitive than ATIII as a marker of hepatocellular damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amany M Abo-Elenein
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Tanta University Faculty of Medicine, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Maaly M Mabrouk
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Tanta University Faculty of Medicine, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Sabry Abou-Saif
- Tropical Medicine & Infectious Diseases, Tanta University Faculty of Medicine, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Ola M Saeed
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Tanta University Faculty of Medicine, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Samy Khodeir
- Internal Medicine Department, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud Elkadeem
- Tropical Medicine & Infectious Diseases, Tanta University Faculty of Medicine, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Heba Elashry
- Tropical Medicine & Infectious Diseases, Tanta University Faculty of Medicine, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Tamer Haydara
- Internal Medicine Department, Kafr-Elsheikh University, Egypt
| | - Mariam S Zaghloul
- Hepatology, Gastroenterology and Infectious Diseases Department, Kafr-Elsheikh University, Egypt
| | - Waseem M Seleem
- Internal medicine department -Hepatology and endoscopy division - Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | | | - Sherief Abd-Elsalam
- Tropical Medicine & Infectious Diseases, Tanta University Faculty of Medicine, Tanta, Egypt
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Ayadi A, Nafari AH, Sakhaee F, Rajabi K, Ghaderi Y, Rahimi Jamnani F, Vaziri F, Siadat SD, Fateh A. Host genetic factors and clinical parameters influencing the occult hepatitis C virus infection in patients on chronic hemodialysis: Is it still a controversial infection? Hepatol Res 2019; 49:605-616. [PMID: 30821879 DOI: 10.1111/hepr.13325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Revised: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
AIM The presence of occult hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection (OCI) is still controversial, however, this infection cannot be ignored. Therefore, the current study aimed at assessing the OCI frequency in patients on chronic hemodialysis (CHD) and also evaluating the association between OCI incidence with clinical parameters and interferon lambda 3/4 (IFNL3/4) gene polymorphisms. METHODS A total of 515 patients on CHD and HCV negative markers were selected. Plus- and minus-stranded HCV-RNA was tested in peripheral blood mononuclear cell samples by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and then genotyped using the restriction fragment length polymorphism method. RESULTS The frequency of OCI was 11.3% in patients on CHD. Among 58 patients with OCI, 25.8%, 62.1%, and 12.1% were infected with HCV-1a, HCV-1b, and HCV-3a, respectively. The mean alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and alkaline phosphatase levels were 31.9 ± 24.8, 32.3 ± 19.1, and 171.6 ± 88.9, respectively. None of the patients with OCI had a history of liver disease. Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that cholesterol, triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein, 25-hydroxyvitamin D, platelets, duration of hemodialysis, HCV subtypes, IFNL3 rs12979860 TT, IFNL3 rs8099917 GG, IFNL3 rs12980275 GG, and IFNL4 ss469415590 ΔG/ΔG genotypes were associated with OCI. CONCLUSION There was a moderate prevalence of OCI in Iranian patients on CHD. The current study findings indicated that this infection was associated with clinical parameters and unfavorable genotypes of IFNL3 single nucleotide polymorphisms and IFNL4 ss469415590. Further studies are required to determine the correlation between OCI incidence with clinical parameters and host genetic factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Ayadi
- Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Hossein Nafari
- Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Sakhaee
- Department of Mycobacteriology and Pulmonary Research, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
- Microbiology Research Center (MRC), Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kimia Rajabi
- Department of Microbiology, Islamic Azad University, Pharmaceutical, Sciences Branch, Tehran, Iran
| | - Yaser Ghaderi
- Islamic Azad University Central Tehran Branch, Faculty of Basic Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Rahimi Jamnani
- Department of Mycobacteriology and Pulmonary Research, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
- Microbiology Research Center (MRC), Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farzam Vaziri
- Department of Mycobacteriology and Pulmonary Research, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
- Microbiology Research Center (MRC), Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Davar Siadat
- Department of Mycobacteriology and Pulmonary Research, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
- Microbiology Research Center (MRC), Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abolfazl Fateh
- Department of Mycobacteriology and Pulmonary Research, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
- Microbiology Research Center (MRC), Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
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Masoodi I, Singh C, Wani IA, Wani MM, Ahmed TI, Sheikh RY. Sero Conversion of Viral Hepatitis among End Stage Renal Disease Patients on Hemodialysis in Kashmir: Results of a Prospective Study. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2019; 7:587-593. [PMID: 30894917 PMCID: PMC6420930 DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2019.160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2018] [Revised: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The seroconversion is a significant health concern in patients with end-stage renal disease undergoing hemodialysis particularly in high endemic zones of HBV and HCV. PATIENTS AND METHODS This prospective study was conducted from January 2009 to April 2018 at Sheri Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Srinagar, Kashmir. A cohort of 459 end-stage renal disease patients on hemodialysis was enrolled from four dialysis centres and followed in a longitudinal manner. Their seroconversion rates, risk factors were studied. Positive patients were treated and followed up. RESULTS This study demonstrated HBV seroconversion rate of 7.4 % (n = 34) and HCV seroconversion rate of 10% (n = 46) in a cohort of 459 patients on hemodialysis attending four dialysis centres of Kashmir. Patients with diabetes mellitus outnumbered in seroconversion rates of (43.75%) followed by patients with glomerulonephritis (23.75%). Of 15 patients who had undergone renal transplantation 10 (66.67%), patients had seroconversion on hemodialysis which was statistically significant (P < 0.001). Patients who were dialysed at multiple HD centres had significant seroconversion than those who followed up at a single center. Seroconversion was associated with longer duration of dialysis (80.30 ± 30.92 vs 61 ± 9.41months, P < 0.000). HBV vaccination of the ESRD patient on hemodialysis was significantly protective against seroconversion (P = 0.000). CONCLUSIONS Hepatitis B vaccination, stringent precautions in all dialysis centres could help to reduce the high seroconversion rates which have a high financial burden on ESRD patients. Intense health education to both patients and medical staff will be beneficial to lower the seroconversion rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim Masoodi
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taif University, KSA
| | - Charanjit Singh
- Consultant Medicine District Hospital, Baramulla Directorate of Health Services, Kashmir
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Risk factors for acquiring HCV at a healthcare center in Hidalgo, Mexico. REVISTA DE GASTROENTEROLOGÍA DE MÉXICO (ENGLISH EDITION) 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rgmxen.2018.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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Occult hepatitis C virus infection among haemodialysis patients. Arab J Gastroenterol 2018; 19:101-105. [PMID: 30245116 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajg.2018.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Revised: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 09/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a severe problem among patients on maintenance haemodialysis who are at particular risk for blood-borne infections because of prolonged vascular access and potential for exposure to contaminated equipment. Occult hepatitis C virus infection (OCI) is defined as the presence of HCV RNA in liver or peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in the absence of detectable HCV antibody or HCV RNA in the serum. In this study, we aimed to investigate the existence of occult hepatitis C virus infection in PBMCs of haemodialysis (HD) patients in one center. Moreover, we tried to link the condition to risk factors associated with HCV infection in those patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS We included 40 patients with renal diseases undergoing regular haemodialysis who were repeatedly anti-HCV negative. HCV RNA detection was tested by Quantitative Real time PCR in serum and PBMCs. RESULTS The results of this study revealed that 23% of our haemodialysis patients have occult hepatitis C virus infection. There was a highly significant increase in ALT levels in patients with OCI versus the negative group. Also, there is a significant increase of history of blood transfusion in patients with occult HCV (p = 0.03) while the duration of haemodialysis showed no statistical significant difference between both groups. The viral load of the occult hepatitis C virus infection subjects ranged from 581to 74,307 copies/ml. CONCLUSION These results highlight the potential risk of hepatitis C virus transmission from patients within haemodialysis units in Egypt. Isolation of patients on dialysis machines depending on the results of hepatitis serological markers is not enough. Testing for hepatitis C virus -RNA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells is more reliable in identifying patients with an OCI when a liver biopsy is not available.
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Contreras-Omaña R, García-Lemus FJ, García-Camacho A. Risk factors for acquiring HCV at a healthcare center in Hidalgo, Mexico. REVISTA DE GASTROENTEROLOGÍA DE MÉXICO 2018; 84:36-43. [PMID: 29895448 DOI: 10.1016/j.rgmx.2018.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Revised: 02/11/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND AIMS The approach to HCV infection begins with the directed search for risk factors linked to its acquisition. Therefore, our primary aim was to identify the prevalence of risk factors associated with HCV infections in insured individuals seen at the Hidalgo delegation of the IMSS. MATERIALS AND METHODS An observational, descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted through validated surveys that identified major and minor risk factors. In cases of major risk factors, the Advanced Quality™ RAPID-ANTI-HCV TEST Accutrack® tests were applied to detect anti-HCV. Patients with positive tests were referred to the Hepatology service for the diagnostic-therapeutic approach. Statistical analysis was performed through measures of central tendency and percentages. RESULTS A total of 528 insured individuals were surveyed (95%CI with a 5% margin of error). Two hundred eighty-two rapid tests were performed. Five of them were positive (0.94%) and belonged to the patients in the dialysis/hemodialysis group. A total of 71.2% persons had positive risk factors. The association of 2 or more factors varied from 2 to 8 factors present at the same time. Of the entire study population, 6.25% presented with 4 risk factors and 4.35% presented with 5 risk factors at the same time. CONCLUSIONS Nearly three quarters of the individuals surveyed were exposed to HCV acquisition. The association of 2 or more risk factors in patients demonstrated their collective potentiality for acquiring HCV. We identified persons receiving treatment with dialysis/hemodialysis and those with high-risk sexual practices as vulnerable groups for HCV infection and suggest that they receive promotion and prevention activities, as well as public policy management.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Contreras-Omaña
- Centro de Investigación en Enfermedades Hepáticas y Gastroenterología, Hidalgo, México.
| | - F J García-Lemus
- Centro de Investigación en Enfermedades Hepáticas y Gastroenterología, Hidalgo, México; Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, México
| | - A García-Camacho
- Centro de Investigación en Enfermedades Hepáticas y Gastroenterología, Hidalgo, México; Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, México
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Wang X, Wang S, Liu ZH, Qi WQ, Zhang Q, Zhang YG, Sun DR, Xu Y, Wang HG, Li ZX, Cong XL, Zhao P, Zhou CY, Wang JB. Regulatory polymorphism of CXCL10 rs1439490 in seronegative occult hepatitis C virus infection. World J Gastroenterol 2018; 24:2191-2202. [PMID: 29853737 PMCID: PMC5974581 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v24.i20.2191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2018] [Revised: 03/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To examine the relationship between the single nucleotide polymorphism CXCL10 rs1439490 and seronegative occult hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection (OCI). METHODS One hundred and three cases of seronegative OCI and 155 cases of seropositive chronic HCV infection (CHC) were diagnosed at five Liver Centers in Northeastern China, from 2012 to 2016. CXCL10 rs1439490, rs1440802, and IL-28B rs12979860 were analyzed by sequencing. Serum CXCL10 was measured by ELISA. Intrahepatic CXCL10 was determined by quantitative PCR and immunohistochemical semi-quantitative scoring. Liver necroinflammation and fibrosis were scored according to the METAVIR system. RESULTS CXCL10 rs1439490 G/G was more prevalent in OCI patients (n = 93/103; 90.3%) than in CHC patients (n = 116/155; 74.8%; P = 0.008). OCI patients had lower serum CXCL10 levels than CHC patients (192.91 ± 46.50 pg/mL vs 354.78 ± 102.91 pg/mL, P < 0.0001). Of IL-28B rs12979860 C/C patients, OCI patients with rs1439490 G/G had lower serum and liver levels of CXCL10 and lower levels of liver necroinflammation and fibrosis than non-G/G patients. OCI patients had higher alanine aminotransferase normalization rates after Peg-interferon treatment than CHC patients (P < 0.05) and serum CXCL10 decreased significantly (P < 0.0001). Liver necroinflammation and fibrosis were alleviated in 8 OCI patients after treatment. Multivariate analysis indicated that rs1439490 G/G significantly influenced the occurrence of OCI in HCV infection (OR = 0.31, 95%CI: 0.15-0.66, P = 0.002). CONCLUSION CXCL10 rs1439490 G/G is positively associated with OCI in HCV infection and antiviral outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Wang
- Department of Digestive, China-Japan Union Hospital Affiliated to Jilin University, Changchun 130033, Jilin Province, China
| | - Song Wang
- Department of Urology, First Hospital Affiliated to Jilin University, Changchun 130000, Jilin Province, China
| | - Zhen-Hua Liu
- Department of Digestive, China-Japan Union Hospital Affiliated to Jilin University, Changchun 130033, Jilin Province, China
| | - Wen-Qian Qi
- Department of Digestive, China-Japan Union Hospital Affiliated to Jilin University, Changchun 130033, Jilin Province, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of Digestive, China-Japan Union Hospital Affiliated to Jilin University, Changchun 130033, Jilin Province, China
| | - Yong-Gui Zhang
- Department of Digestive, China-Japan Union Hospital Affiliated to Jilin University, Changchun 130033, Jilin Province, China
| | - De-Rong Sun
- Department of Infectious Disease, the Fourth Affiliated University of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang Province, China
- Department of Digestive, the Second People’s Hospital of Daqing City, Daqing 163461, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Yan Xu
- Department of Digestive, China-Japan Union Hospital Affiliated to Jilin University, Changchun 130033, Jilin Province, China
| | - Hong-Guang Wang
- Department of Digestive, People’s Hospital of Jilin City, Changchun 132000, Jilin Province, China
| | - Zhong-Xie Li
- Department of Digestive, People’s Hospital of Hunchun City, Hunchun 133300, Jilin Province, China
| | - Xian-Ling Cong
- Department of Pathology, China-Japan Union Hospital Affiliated to Jilin University, Changchun 130033, Jilin Province, China
| | - Ping Zhao
- Department of Digestive, China-Japan Union Hospital Affiliated to Jilin University, Changchun 130033, Jilin Province, China
| | - Chang-Yu Zhou
- Department of Digestive, China-Japan Union Hospital Affiliated to Jilin University, Changchun 130033, Jilin Province, China
| | - Jiang-Bin Wang
- Department of Digestive, China-Japan Union Hospital Affiliated to Jilin University, Changchun 130033, Jilin Province, China
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Kamal IMA, Mahdi BM. Seroprevalence occurrence of viral hepatitis and HIV among hemodialysis patients. Ann Med Surg (Lond) 2018; 29:1-4. [PMID: 29692888 PMCID: PMC5911664 DOI: 10.1016/j.amsu.2018.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Revised: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Patients with chronic renal failure (CRF) were on maintenance invasive hemodialysis (HD) procedure. This procedure by itself affects immunity of the patients and became more susceptible to viral infections. Aim of the study to investigate the occurrence of HBV, HCV and HIV infections in patients with hemodialysis. Patients and methods A retrospective study of 430 end-stage renal failure patients, referred to hemodialysis department at XXXX Teaching Hospital, Baghdad-Iraq from January-2015 to January-2017. Patients were investigated for HBs-Ag using enzyme-labeled antigen test (Foresight-EIA-USA), HCV- Abs (IgG) specific immunoglobulin using an HCV enzyme-labeled antigen test (Foresight-EIA-USA)and anti - HIV Abs (IgG) using enzyme-labeled antigen test (Foresight-EIA-USA). Results The frequency of HBV infection in the first year was not significant between males (1.11%) and females (0.00%) (P = 0.295). About HCV also there are no significant differences between males (12.63%) and females (9.31%) (P = 0.347). After one year of follow up the frequencies of HBV and HCV were not significant between two sexes. Additionally, no any one of the patients had HIV infection. Conclusions This study brings a light on that HBV and HCV were having the same frequencies in both genders and lower occurrence with time. Furthermore, HIV was not detected in those patients.
Patients were on hemodialysis. This procedure by itself affects immunity. HBV and HCV were having the same frequencies in both genders and lower occurrence with time. HIV was not detected in those patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Batool Mutar Mahdi
- Department of microbiology, Head Of HLA research Unit, Al-kindy college of medicine, University of Baghdad, AL-Nahda Square, Baghdad, Iraq
- Corresponding author. Department of microbiology, Al-kindy college of medicine, University of Baghdad, AL-Nahda Square, Baghdad, Iraq.
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