• breeding
• cell proliferation
• chemoprevention
• colon
• glucosinolate profile
• mixture analysis
• nutrient interactions
• vegetables
• whole foods

• Glucosinolates/metabolism
• Brassica/chemistry
• Humans
• Sulfoxides/pharmacology
• Cell Proliferation/drug effects
• Imidoesters
• Oximes/pharmacology
• Plant Breeding
• Isothiocyanates/pharmacology
• Nutrients
• Glycoside Hydrolases/metabolism
• Crops, Agricultural

• 1023927 USDA

• Oxygenases/metabolism
• Humans
• Animals
• Liver/metabolism
• Liver/enzymology

• Cox hazards regression analysis
• Esophageal cancer
• PLCO cancer screening trial
• Sulfur microbial diet
• Sulfur-metabolizing microbes

• Humans
• Esophageal Neoplasms/epidemiology
• Male
• Prospective Studies
• Middle Aged
• Female
• Diet/methods
• Diet/statistics & numerical data
• Risk Factors
• United States/epidemiology
• Aged
• Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma/epidemiology
• Sulfur/administration & dosage
• Adenocarcinoma/epidemiology
• Incidence
• Proportional Hazards Models
• Cohort Studies

• cstc2021jcyj-msxmX0153 Chongqing Science and Technology Commission, China
• cstc2021jcyj-msxmX0112 Chongqing Science and Technology Commission, China
• CSTB2022NSCQ-MSX1005 Chongqing Science and Technology Commission, China
• kryc-yq-2110 the Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University

• Apoptosis
• Diethylnitrosamine
• Hepatocarcinoma
• Histology
• Inflammatory cytokines

• Bayesian model
• bioaccessibility
• curcuminoids
• dietary fibre
• enriched foods
• food matrix
• regression
• screening

• CPER 2007-2020 European Regional Development Fund ERDF, the Region of Hauts-de-France
• 818110 European Union's Horizon 2020

• HNSCC
• antioxidant
• clinical trials
• second primary cancers

• Progetto Medio Ateneo' Univ. Sapienza N. RM11916B88DF74E7 Sapienza University of Rome

• Mediterranean diet
• breast cancer
• diet
• dietary pattern
• paleolithic diet
• prevention
• western diet

• Wine pomace
• dietary fiber
• health-promoting activity
• polyphenol
• skin pomace

• Wine/analysis
• Humans
• Antioxidants/analysis
• Antioxidants/pharmacology
• Polyphenols/analysis
• Anthocyanins/analysis
• Vitis/chemistry
• Dietary Fiber/analysis
• Anti-Inflammatory Agents/pharmacology
• Anti-Inflammatory Agents/analysis
• Proanthocyanidins/analysis
• Proanthocyanidins/pharmacology
• Seeds/chemistry
• Health Promotion/methods
• Hydroxybenzoates/analysis
• Fruit/chemistry
• Stilbenes/analysis
• Stilbenes/pharmacology
• Flavonols/analysis
• Flavonols/pharmacology

• apoptosis
• autophagy
• cancer
• carotenoids
• fucoxanthin

• Humans
• Apoptosis
• Autophagy
• Carotenoids/pharmacology
• Cell Cycle Checkpoints
• Neoplasms/drug therapy
• Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases
• Seaweed
• Xanthophylls/pharmacology
• Xanthophylls/therapeutic use

• U54 MD007582 NIMHD NIH HHS
• U54 MD 006738 NIMHD NIH HHS

• cardiometabolic health
• energy balance
• neurogenic obesity
• nutrition education
• spinal cord injury

• R01 HD091278 NICHD NIH HHS

No studies, to date, have scrutinized the role of a priori dietary patterns on prognosis following a head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) diagnosis. The purpose of this analysis was to evaluate the associations between adherence to six a priori defined diet quality indices (including AHEI-2010, aMED, DASH, and three low-carbohydrate indices) throughout the first 3 years of observation and all-cause and cancer-specific mortalities in 468 newly diagnosed HNSCC patients from the University of Michigan Head and Neck Specialized Program of Research Excellence (UM-SPORE). The dietary intake data were measured using a food frequency questionnaire administered at three annual time points commencing at study entry. Deaths and their causes were documented throughout the study using various data sources. Marginal structural Cox proportional hazards models were used to evaluate the role of diet quality, as a time-varying covariate, on mortality. There were 93 deaths from all causes and 74 cancer-related deaths adjudicated throughout the observation period. There was a strong inverse association between adherence to the AHEI-2010, all-cause mortality (HR_Q5–Q1:0.07, 95% CI:0.01–0.43, p_trend:0.04), and cancer-specific mortality (HR_Q5–Q1:0.15, 95% CI:0.02–1.07, p_trend:0.04). Other more modest associations were noted for the low-carbohydrate indices. In sum, higher adherence to the AHEI-2010 and a plant-based low-carbohydrate index throughout the first 3 years since diagnosis may bolster survival and prognosis in newly diagnosed patients with HNSCC.

• cancer
• diet quality
• marginal structural model
• nutritional epidemiology
• survivorship

• Antioxidant supplements
• Basal cell carcinoma
• Keratinocyte cancer
• Prospective cohort
• Squamous cell carcinoma

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is characterized by the absence of estrogen receptor-α progesterone receptor and human epidermal growth factor receptor-2. Treatment for this breast cancer subtype is restricted to multidrug chemotherapy and survival pathway-based molecularly targeted therapy. The long-term treatment options are associated with systemic toxicity, spontaneous and/or acquired tumor resistance and the emergence a of drug-resistant stem cell population. These limitations lead to advanced stage metastatic cancer. Current emphasis is on research directions that identify efficacious, naturally occurring agents representing an unmet need for testable therapeutic alternatives for therapy resistant breast cancer. Chinese herbs are widely used in traditional Chinese medicine in women for estrogen related health issues and also for integrative support for cancer treatment. This review discusses published evidence on a TNBC model for growth inhibitory effects of several mechanistically distinct nontoxic Chinese herbs, most of them nutritional in nature, and identifies susceptible pathways and potential molecular targets for their efficacy. Documented anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic effects of these herbs are associated with downregulation of RB, RAS, PI3K, and AKT signaling, modulation of Bcl-2/BAX protein expressions and increased caspase activity. This review provides a proof of concept for Chinese herbs as testable alternatives for prevention/therapy of TNBC.

• Chinese herbs
• breast cancer
• growth inhibition

Background: Breast cancer (BC) incidence and mortality are lower in Poland than in the United States (US). However, Polish-born migrant women to US approach the higher BC mortality rates of US women. We evaluated the association between consumption of cabbage/sauerkraut foods and BC risk in Polish-born migrants to US. Methods: We conducted a case–control study of BC among Polish-born migrants in Cook County and the Detroit Metropolitan Area. Cases (n = 131) were 20–79 years old with histological/cytological confirmation of invasive BC. Population-based controls (n = 284) were frequency matched to cases on age and residence. Food frequency questionnaires assessed diet during adulthood and age 12–13 years. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were estimated with conditional logistic regression. Consumption of total, raw/short-cooked, and long-cooked cabbage/sauerkraut foods was categorized as low, medium, or high (frequency of servings/week). Results: Higher consumption of total and raw/short-cooked cabbage/sauerkraut foods, during both adolescence and adulthood, was associated with a significantly lower BC risk. Consumption of long-cooked cabbage/sauerkraut foods was low and not significantly associated with risk. The multivariate OR for total cabbage/sauerkraut consumption, high vs. low (>4 vs. ≤2 servings/week) during adolescence was 0.36 (95% CI = 0.18–0.71, p_trend < 0.01) and 0.50 (95% CI = 0.23–1.06, p_trend = 0.08) during adulthood. For raw/short-cooked cabbage/sauerkraut (>3 vs. ≤1.5 servings/week), the ORs were 0.35 (95% CI = 0.16–0.72, p_trend < 0.01) during adolescence and 0.37 (95% CI = 0.17–0.78, p_trend < 0.01) during adulthood. For joint adolescent/adult consumption of raw/short-cooked cabbage/sauerkraut foods, (high, high) vs. (low, low), the OR was 0.23 (95% CI = 0.07–0.65). The significant association for high adolescent consumption of raw/short-cooked cabbage/sauerkraut foods and reduced BC risk was consistent across all levels of consumption in adulthood. Conclusion: Greater consumption of total and raw/short-cooked cabbage/sauerkraut foods either during adolescence or adulthood was associated with significantly reduced BC risk among Polish migrant women. These findings contribute to the growing literature suggesting a protective effect of a potentially modifiable factor, cruciferous vegetable intake, on breast cancer risk.

• adolescent diet
• adulthood
• breast cancer
• cabbage
• cruciferous vegetables
• diet
• migrant population
• sauerkraut

• DMSA surface conjugation
• apigenin
• gamma scintigraphy
• lung metastasis
• nanoparticles

• acidity
• aroma
• consumer behavior
• food waste
• healthy diet
• juiciness
• multicriteria decision making
• retailing
• supplier selection process
• sweetness

• 1,3-Dipolar cycloaddition
• Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)
• Multi-kinase inhibitor
• Sorafenib analogue
• Triazole

• BMI-for-age percentiles
• high/low fibre foods
• overweight
• plant foods
• texture preferences

• Cancer chemoprevention
• Dietary factors
• Epigenetic therapy
• Non-coding RNAs
• Signaling pathways

• Drosophila melanogaster
• antioxidant activity
• bilberry
• flavonoid
• hemolymph trehalose
• insulin resistance
• metabolic syndrome
• phytochemical
• polyphenol

• EFOP-3.6.3-VEKOP-16-2017-00008 European Social Fund

• Cancer
• Dermatological cancers
• Genitourinary cancers
• HINTS survey
• Military service history

• 1-Propanethiol (PubChem CID: 7848)
• 1-Thio-β-d-glucose (PubChem CID: 444809)
• 4,4′-dithiodipyridine
• Allyl Mercaptan (PubChem CID: 13367)
• Analysis
• Derivatisation
• Identification
• Phytochemical
• Thiol
• Vegetable
• l-Cysteine (PubChem CID: 5862)
• l-Cysteinylglycine (PubChem CID: 439498).
• l-Gamma-glutamylcysteine (PubChem CID: 123938)
• l-Glutathione (PubChem CID: 124886)

• Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid/methods
• Disulfides/chemistry
• Food Analysis/methods
• Proof of Concept Study
• Pyridines/chemistry
• Sulfhydryl Compounds/analysis
• Tandem Mass Spectrometry/methods
• Vegetables/chemistry

• Inula britannica
• ROS
• apoptosis
• lymphoma
• sesquiterpene lactone

• antioxidants
• benzo(a)pyrene
• lung cancer
• vanillic acid

• Raman imaging
• Raman spectroscopy
• biomarkers
• colon cancer
• spectroscopic diagnostics

• Biomarkers
• Colon/diagnostic imaging
• Colon/metabolism
• Colonic Neoplasms/diagnosis
• Colonic Neoplasms/etiology
• Colonic Neoplasms/metabolism
• Humans
• Image Processing, Computer-Assisted/methods
• Neoplasm Staging
• Spectrum Analysis, Raman/methods

Raman spectroscopy and imaging are highly structure-sensitive methods that allow the characterization of biological samples with minimal impact. In this paper, Raman spectra and imaging of noncancerous and cancerous human colon tissue samples were measured at different excitation wavelengths: 355, 532, and 785 nm. Intra-patient variability in the analyzed spectra showed colon sample heterogeneity for both noncancerous and cancerous human sample types. The lowest inter-patient variability of Raman spectra was observed for the fingerprint region of noncancerous samples for the 532 nm excitation laser line. The bands of principal biochemical constituents (proteins, lipids, nucleic acids) predominate in VIS and NIR-Raman spectra (excitation: 532, 785 nm), with the special role of the bands of intrinsic tissue chromophores—carotenoids for VIS excitation due to resonance enhancement. At 355 nm excitation, high autofluorescence of colon tissues were observed. Our studies proved high potential of Raman spectroscopy and Raman imaging in differentiation of noncancerous and cancerous human colon tissues and that the wavelengths 532 and 785 nm offer wide possibilities for the detection of human colon tissue pathology for ex vivo and in vivo measurements and prevail over 355 nm excitation.

Raman spectroscopy and imaging are highly structure-sensitive methods that allow the characterization of biological samples with minimal impact.

• alimentary tract
• cancer
• cruciferous
• diet
• vegetables

• Adult
• Age Distribution
• Body Mass Index
• Breast Neoplasms/epidemiology
• Colorectal Neoplasms/epidemiology
• Comorbidity
• Feeding Behavior
• Female
• Humans
• Incidence
• Italy/epidemiology
• Lung Neoplasms/epidemiology
• Male
• Middle Aged
• Neoplasms/epidemiology
• Neoplasms/etiology
• Prospective Studies
• Research Design
• Sex Distribution
• Smoking/adverse effects
• Stomach Neoplasms/epidemiology
• Tobacco Smoke Pollution/adverse effects

Plant-derived bioactive compounds have protective role for plants but may also modulate several physiological processes of plant consumers. In the last years, a wide spectrum of phytochemicals have been found to be beneficial to health interacting with molecular signaling pathways underlying critical functions such as cell growth and differentiation, apoptosis, autophagy, inflammation, redox balance, cell volume regulation, metabolic homeostasis, and energy balance. Hence, a large number of biologically active phytocompounds of foods have been isolated, characterized, and eventually modified representing a natural source of novel molecules to prevent, delay or cure several human diseases. Aquaporins (AQPs), a family of membrane channel proteins involved in many body functions, are emerging among the targets of bioactive phytochemicals in imparting their beneficial actions. Here, we provide a comprehensive review of this fast growing topic focusing especially on what it is known on the modulatory effects played by several edible plant and herbal compounds on AQPs, both in health and disease. Phytochemical modulation of AQP expression may provide new medical treatment options to improve the prognosis of several diseases.

• anti-inflammatory
• antioxidants
• aquaporin membrane channels
• chronic diseases
• epigenetics
• functional foods
• gut microbiota
• nutraceutics

Zymogen granule protein 16 (ZG16) is one of the most significantly down-regulated genes in colorectal cancer (CRC) tissues. This study aimed to further evaluate its expression changes and investigate its association with molecular and clinicopathological characteristics of CRC.

We applied quantitative RT-PCR to determine expression difference between tumor and matched normal tissues from 23 CRC patients. To further validate the down-regulation in tumor tissues, we performed immunohistochemistry (IHC) analysis in 40 paraffin-embedded normal-tumor pairs and 22 colon tissues with a variety of diseases. To evaluate if the ZG16 gene changes were associated with clinicopathological characteristics, we further analyzed the gene expression and copy number changes from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Oncomine datasets.

Quantitative RT-PCR confirmed significant down-regulation (~ 130-fold) of ZG16 in all tumor tissues. ZG16 expression was in an organ-specific manner with an extremely high expression in normal epithelial cells of small intestine, colon and rectum. IHC analysis showed that ZG16 protein was completely lost in all of 40 CRC tissues, and partially lost in premalignant adenomatous polyps (adenomas) and chronic ulcerative colitis tissues. Gene expression and copy number changes were significantly associated with multiple molecular and clinicopathological features of CRC including microsatellite instability (MSI), MLH1 silencing, CpG island methylator phenotype, hyper-mutation status, gender, presence of synchronous adenomas, and histological type (P < 0.05). Patients with lower ZG16 gene expression showed shorter progression-free survival and overall survival than those with relatively higher expression (P < 0.05). Multivariate analysis suggested that the ZG16 expression was an independent prognosis factor (P = 0.012, HR = 6.286, 95% CI = 0.816–0.975).

For the first time, our study demonstrated that ZG16 expression was sequentially reduced from normal, adenoma, to carcinoma. Association with multiple clinicopathological features indicates that ZG16 may play an important role in cancer initiation and progression. ZG16 may serve as a potential biomarker for diagnosis and prognosis of CRC.

The online version of this article (10.1186/s12885-018-4337-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

• Colorectal cancer
• Copy number variation
• Gene expression
• Survival
• ZG16

• Colorectal cancer
• calcium
• fibres
• gut microbiota
• haem iron
• red meat
• selenium
• vitamin C
• vitamin D
• vitamin E

• dose–response
• folate
• hnscc
• meta-analysis

• Adult
• Aged
• Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/etiology
• Diet/adverse effects
• Diet/methods
• Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
• Eating
• Female
• Folic Acid/analysis
• Folic Acid Deficiency/complications
• Head and Neck Neoplasms/etiology
• Humans
• Male
• Middle Aged
• Observational Studies as Topic
• Odds Ratio
• Risk Factors
• Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck

The role of retinol in the prevention of multifactorial chronic diseases remains uncertain, and there is sparse evidence regarding biological actions and pathways implicated in its effects on various outcomes. The aim is to investigate whether serum retinol in an un-supplemented state is associated with low molecular weight circulating metabolites. We performed a metabolomic analysis of 1,282 male smoker participants based on pre-supplementation fasting serum in the Alpha-Tocopherol, Beta-Carotene Cancer Prevention (ATBC) Study. We examined the association between 947 metabolites measured by ultra-high performance LC-MS/GC-MS and retinol concentration (from HPLC) using linear regression that estimated the difference in metabolite concentrations per unit difference in retinol concentration as standardized β-coefficients and standard errors (SE). We identified 63 metabolites associated with serum retinol below the Bonferroni-corrected P-value (p < 5.3 × 10^–5). The strongest signals were for N-acetyltryptophan (β = 0.27; SE = 0.032; p = 9.8 × 10⁻¹⁷), myo-inositol (β = 0.23; SE = 0.032; p = 9.8 × 10⁻¹³), and 1-palmitoylglycerophosphoethanolamine (β = 0.22; SE = 0.032; p = 3.2 × 10⁻¹²). Several chemical class pathways were strongly associated with retinol, including amino acids (p = 1.6 × 10⁻¹⁰), lipids (p = 3.3 × 10^–7), and cofactor/vitamin metabolites (3.3 × 10⁻⁷). The strongest sub-pathway association was for inositol metabolism (p = 2.0 × 10^–14). Serum retinol concentration is associated with circulating metabolites in various metabolic pathways, particularly lipids, amino acids, and cofactors/vitamins. These interrelationships may have relevance to the biological actions of retinol, including its role in carcinogenesis.

Liver cancer is the fifth most common cancer and one of the leading causes of death in the world, and second most common cause of death in men. Natural products emerge as the most enduring approaches in the development of anticancer targeting drug. Hesperetin (HP), one of the abundant flavonoids found naturally in citrus fruits, has received considerable attention in anti-cancer promotion and progression. The present study was conducted to decipher the role of 0.5 ml hesperetin conjugated gold nanoparticles (Au-mPEG_(5000)-S-HP NPs) during diethylnitrosamine (DEN)-induced hepatocarcinogenesis in male Wistar albino rats and shows the better antioxidant that possesses anti-inflammatory, anti-proliferation and anticarcinogenic properties and may modulate signaling pathways. The confirmation of polymer functionalized gold nanoparticles and drug loaded polymer gold nanoparticles were characterized by HR-TEM with EDAX, and DLS with Zeta potential techniques. The drug encapsulation efficiency and release properties were carried out in PBS at pH 7.4 for Au- mPEG_(5000)-S-HP and compared with the control pure hesperetin (HP). Here, we review the role of mast cell counts, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), transcription factor nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), levels of glycoconjugates, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and argyrophilic nucleolar organizing regions, are the master regulator of inflammation and proliferation, in the development of hepatocellular injury, liver fibrosis and HCC. DEN-administered animals showed increased mast cell counts, tumor necrosis factor alpha, transcription factor nuclear factor-κB, glycoconjugates, proliferating cell nuclear antigen, and argyrophilic nucleolar organizing regions. Whereas Au-mPEG_(5000)-S-HP NPs supplementation considerably suppressed all the above abnormalities. These results suggest that the Au-mPEG_(5000)-S-HP NPs exhibited the better potential anticancer activity by inhibiting cell inflammation and proliferation in DEN-induced hepatocellular carcinogenesis.

• Glycoconjugates
• Gold nanoparticles
• Hesperetin
• Mast cells
• NF-κB
• PCNA
• TNF-α

• connecticut
• supplements
• thyroid cancer
• vitamins

• 5-fluorouracil
• Fish oil
• apoptosis
• colorectal cancer
• n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids

• Fruits
• bioactive components
• cardiovascular diseases
• diabetes
• hyperlipidemia
• hypertension
• obesity
• vegetables