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Infectious Norovirus Is Chronically Shed by Immunocompromised Pediatric Hosts. Viruses 2020; 12:v12060619. [PMID: 32516960 PMCID: PMC7354526 DOI: 10.3390/v12060619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Noroviruses are a leading cause of gastroenteritis worldwide. Although infections in healthy individuals are self-resolving, immunocompromised individuals are at risk for chronic disease and severe complications. Chronic norovirus infections in immunocompromised hosts are often characterized by long-term virus shedding, but it is unclear whether this shed virus remains infectious. We investigated the prevalence, genetic heterogeneity, and temporal aspects of norovirus infections in 1140 patients treated during a 6-year period at a pediatric research hospital. Additionally, we identified 20 patients with chronic infections lasting 37 to >418 days. Using a new human norovirus in vitro assay, we confirmed the continuous shedding of infectious virus for the first time. Shedding lasted longer in male patients and those with diarrheal symptoms. Prolonged shedding of infectious norovirus in immunocompromised hosts can potentially increase the likelihood of transmission, highlighting the importance of isolation precautions to prevent nosocomial infections.
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Chen X, Chughtai AA, MacIntyre CR. Recalibration of the Grunow-Finke Assessment Tool to Improve Performance in Detecting Unnatural Epidemics. RISK ANALYSIS : AN OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE SOCIETY FOR RISK ANALYSIS 2019; 39:1465-1475. [PMID: 30582887 DOI: 10.1111/risa.13255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Revised: 12/01/2018] [Accepted: 12/02/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Successful identification of unnatural epidemics relies on a sensitive risk assessment tool designed for the differentiation between unnatural and natural epidemics. The Grunow-Finke tool (GFT), which has been the most widely used, however, has low sensitivity in such differentiation. We aimed to recalibrate the GFT and improve the performance in detection of unnatural epidemics. The comparator was the original GFT and its application in 11 historical outbreaks, including eight confirmed unnatural outbreaks and three natural outbreaks. Three steps were involved: (i) removing criteria, (ii) changing weighting factors, and (iii) adding and refining criteria. We created a series of alternative models to examine the changes on the parameter likelihood of unnatural outbreaks until we found a model that correctly identified all the unnatural outbreaks and natural ones. Finally, the recalibrated GFT was tested and validated with data from an unnatural and natural outbreak, respectively. A total of 238 models were tested. Through the removal of criteria, increasing or decreasing weighting factors of other criteria, adding a new criterion titled "special insights," and setting a new threshold for likelihood, we increased the sensitivity of the GFT from 38% to 100%, and retained the specificity at 100% in detecting unnatural epidemics. Using test data from an unnatural and a natural outbreak, the recalibrated GFT correctly classified their etiology. The recalibrated GFT could be integrated into routine outbreak investigation by public health institutions and agencies responsible for biosecurity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Chen
- Kirby Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Abrar Ahmad Chughtai
- School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Chandini Raina MacIntyre
- Kirby Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- College of Public Service and Community Solutions, and College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
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Cardemil CV, Parashar UD, Hall AJ. Norovirus Infection in Older Adults: Epidemiology, Risk Factors, and Opportunities for Prevention and Control. Infect Dis Clin North Am 2017; 31:839-870. [PMID: 28911830 PMCID: PMC6546097 DOI: 10.1016/j.idc.2017.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Norovirus is the leading cause of acute gastroenteritis. In older adults, it is responsible for an estimated 3.7 million illnesses; 320,000 outpatient visits; 69,000 emergency department visits; 39,000 hospitalizations; and 960 deaths annually in the United States. Older adults are particularly at risk for severe outcomes, including prolonged symptoms and death. Long-term care facilities and hospitals are the most common settings for norovirus outbreaks in developed countries. Diagnostic platforms are expanding. Several norovirus vaccines in clinical trials have the potential to reap benefits. This review summarizes current knowledge on norovirus infection in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina V Cardemil
- Viral Gastroenteritis Branch (proposed), Division of Viral Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - Umesh D Parashar
- Viral Gastroenteritis Branch (proposed), Division of Viral Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Aron J Hall
- Viral Gastroenteritis Branch (proposed), Division of Viral Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
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Biswas S, Jackson P, Shannon R, Dulwich K, Sukla S, Dixon RA. Molecular screening of blue mussels indicated high mid-summer prevalence of human genogroup II Noroviruses, including the pandemic "GII.4 2012" variants in UK coastal waters during 2013. Braz J Microbiol 2017; 49:279-284. [PMID: 29097140 PMCID: PMC5914202 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjm.2017.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Revised: 06/05/2017] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
This molecular study is the first report, to the best of our knowledge, on identification of norovirus, NoV GII.4 Sydney 2012 variants, from blue mussels collected from UK coastal waters. Blue mussels (three pooled samples from twelve mussels) collected during the 2013 summer months from UK coastal sites were screened by RT-PCR assays. PCR products of RdRP gene for noroviruses were purified, sequenced and subjected to phylogenetic analysis. All the samples tested positive for NoVs. Sequencing revealed that the NoV partial RdRP gene sequences from two pooled samples clustered with the pandemic "GII.4 Sydney variants" whilst the other pooled sample clustered with the NoV GII.2 variants. This molecular study indicated mussel contamination with pathogenic NoVs even during mid-summer in UK coastal waters which posed potential risk of NoV outbreaks irrespective of season. As the detection of Sydney 2012 NoV from our preliminary study of natural coastal mussels interestingly corroborated with NoV outbreaks in nearby areas during the same period, it emphasizes the importance of environmental surveillance work for forecast of high risk zones of NoV outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhajit Biswas
- University of Lincoln, School of Life Sciences, Brayford Pool, Lincoln, Lincolnshire, United Kingdom.
| | - Philippa Jackson
- University of Lincoln, School of Life Sciences, Brayford Pool, Lincoln, Lincolnshire, United Kingdom
| | - Rebecca Shannon
- University of Lincoln, School of Life Sciences, Brayford Pool, Lincoln, Lincolnshire, United Kingdom
| | - Katherine Dulwich
- University of Lincoln, School of Life Sciences, Brayford Pool, Lincoln, Lincolnshire, United Kingdom
| | - Soumi Sukla
- University of Lincoln, School of Life Sciences, Brayford Pool, Lincoln, Lincolnshire, United Kingdom
| | - Ronald A Dixon
- University of Lincoln, School of Life Sciences, Brayford Pool, Lincoln, Lincolnshire, United Kingdom
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Melhem NM, Zaraket H, Kreidieh K, Ali Z, Hammadi M, Ghanem S, Hajar F, Haidar A, Inati A, Rajab M, Fakhouri H, Ghanem B, Baasiri G, Dbaibo G. Clinical and epidemiological characteristics of norovirus gastroenteritis among hospitalized children in Lebanon. World J Gastroenterol 2016; 22:10557-10565. [PMID: 28082807 PMCID: PMC5192266 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v22.i48.10557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To assess the burden of norovirus (NoV) and to determine the diversity of circulating strains among hospitalized children in Lebanon.
METHODS Stool samples were collected from children presenting with acute gastroenteritis to six major hospitals in Lebanon. A total of 739 eligible stool samples, testing negative for diarrhea caused by rotavirus as a possible viral pathogen, were collected between January 2011 and June 2013. A standardized questionnaire including demographic, epidemiological and clinical observations was used at the time of hospitalization of children presenting with diarrhea. Viral RNA was extracted from stool samples followed by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and nucleotide sequencing of a fragment of the viral protein 1 capsid gene. Multiple sequence alignments were carried out and phylogenetic trees were constructed using the MEGA 6 software.
RESULTS Overall, 11.2% of stool samples collected from children aged < 5 years tested positive for NoV genogroups I (GI) and II (GII). GII accounted for 10.6% of the gastroenteritis cases with only five samples being positive for GI (0.7%). The majority of hospitalized children showed symptoms of diarrhea, dehydration, vomiting and fever. Upon sequencing of positive samples and based on their clustering in the phylogenetic tree, 4/5 of GI gastroenteritis cases were designated GI.3 and one case as GI.4. GII.4 was predominantly detected in stool of our study participants (68%). We report a JB-15/KOR/2008 GII.4 Apeldoorn 2008-like variant strain circulating in 2011; this strain was replaced between 2012 and 2013 by a variant sharing homology with the Sydney/NSW0514/2012/AUS GII.4 Sydney 2012 and Sydney 2012/FRA GII.4 strains. We also report the co-circulation of non-GII.4 genotypes among hospitalized children. Our data show that NoV gastroenteritis can occur throughout the year with the highest number of cases detected during the hot months.
CONCLUSION The majority of NoV-associated viral gastroenteritis cases among our participants are attributable to GII.4, which is compatible with results reported worldwide.
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Huo Y, Chen X, Zheng L, Huo J, Zhang S, Wang M, Wang Y. Characterization of virus-like particles derived from a GII.3 norovirus strain distantly related with current dominating strains. Virus Genes 2016; 52:613-619. [PMID: 27234312 DOI: 10.1007/s11262-016-1359-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2016] [Accepted: 05/20/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Genogroup II, genotype 3 noroviruses (GII.3 NoVs) are secondary to GII.4 NoVs in causing acute non-bacterial gastroenteritis worldwide. In our previous study, we found that virus-like particles (VLPs) derived from a GII.3 NoV strain exhibited no binding activity to any salivary and synthetic histo-blood group antigens (HBGAs) tested. In this study, the nucleotide sequence encoding the major capsid protein of another documented GII.3 NoV strain was codon-optimized and synthesized, and the major capsid protein was expressed using recombinant baculovirus virus expression system. The assembly of VLPs was verified by electron microscopy, and the binding profiles of the assembled VLPs to salivary HBGAs were determined, and in vitro VLP-salivary HBGAs binding blockade assay was used to test the cross-blocking effects of hyperimmune sera produced against different genotypes (GI.2, GII.3, and GII.4). The expression of the major capsid proteins led to the successful assembly of VLPs, and in vitro VLP-salivary HBGAs binding assay indicated that the assembled VLPs bound to salivary HBGAs from blood type A, B, AB, and O individuals, with the highest binding capacity to type A salivary HBGAs. In vitro VLP-salivary HBGAs binding blockade assay demonstrated the absence of blocking activities for hyperimmune sera produced against GI.2and GII.4 VLPs and the presence of blocking activity for that against GII.3 VLPs. Our results suggest the absence of cross-blocking activities among different genotypes and the presence of blocking activities between GII.3 NoVs from different clusters, which might have implications for the design of multivalent NoV vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqi Huo
- Translational Medicine Center, The Sixth People's Hospital of Zhengzhou, No. 29 Jingguangnan Road, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xuhui Chen
- Translational Medicine Center, The Sixth People's Hospital of Zhengzhou, No. 29 Jingguangnan Road, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Lijun Zheng
- Translational Medicine Center, The Sixth People's Hospital of Zhengzhou, No. 29 Jingguangnan Road, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinling Huo
- Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Shanfeng Zhang
- Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingchen Wang
- Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yumei Wang
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
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Wang Y, Zhang J, Shen Z. The impact of calicivirus mixed infection in an oyster-associated outbreak during a food festival. J Clin Virol 2015; 73:55-63. [PMID: 26546877 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2015.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2015] [Revised: 09/03/2015] [Accepted: 10/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite calicivirus food-borne outbreaks posing major public health concern worldwide, little information is at present available about the impact of caliciviruses mixed infection in an oyster-associated outbreak in China. OBJECTIVES To investigate the clinical and epidemiologic characteristics of an oyster-associated calicivirus outbreak initiated by a food festival in Shanghai, China, in April 2014. STUDY DESIGN Molecular epidemiological studies based on nucleotide sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of calicivirus strains from patients. RESULTS A total of 65 of the 78 (83%) cases from this outbreak were associated with raw oyster consumption. Forty-six calicivirus strains were identified from 25 stool specimens with norovirus (NoV) GII.4 Sydney_2012, GII.13, GI.2, GI.5 and sapovirus (SaV) GI.2 being predominant genotypes and with a prevalence of triple-, double- and single-infection being 20%, 48% and 28%, respectively. Meanwhile, 13 putative NoV recombinants were indicated by the phylogenetic inconsistency between capsid and polymerase genotype, mainly including GII.Pe/GII.4 Sydney_2012. Molecular epidemiological investigation showed possible multiple route transmission in the field. The clinical and epidemiologic characteristics of the mixed point-source calicivirus outbreak also conformed to Kaplan's criteria. CONCLUSIONS This is the first reported oyster-associated calicivirus outbreak with a high prevalence of mixed infection during a food festival described in China. Our investigation underscores the importance of early surveillance and comprehensive etiologic identification of mixed point-source outbreaks and the need for reliable standards of monitoring oysters to prevent and control calicivirus food-borne outbreaks in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, No. 1508 Longhang Road, Shanghai 201508, China.
| | - Jinan Zhang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, No. 1508 Longhang Road, Shanghai 201508, China.
| | - Zhen Shen
- Institute of Antibiotics, Division of Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, No. 12 Wulumuqi Road, Shanghai 200040, China.
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Mai H, Gao Y, Cong X, Wang H, Liu N, Huang X, Xu L, Chen Y, Wei L. GII.4 Sydney_2012 norovirus infection in immunocompromised patients in Beijing and its rapid evolution in vivo. J Med Virol 2015; 88:224-33. [PMID: 26185038 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.24332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
To study the epidemiology and evolution of norovirus (NoV) in immunocompromised patients in a tertiary hospital in China. Stool specimens were collected from 131 hospitalized patients presenting with diarrhea from July 1, 2012, to June 30, 2013, and were tested for NoV using RT-PCR. RT-PCR was performed to amplify the complete capsid genome for a series of samples from chronic diarrhea patients, and nucleotide and amino acid changes were analyzed. There were nine NoV-positive patients among 124 immunocompromised patients (7.3%); all nine were infected with GII.4 Sydney_2012 strain. In three chronic diarrhea patients, the GII.4 Sydney_2012 strains accumulated 19, 18, and eight nucleotide mutations within 110, 113, and 22 days, respectively, most were non-synonymous. The greatest number of stable amino acid mutations was 10 in patient 2; eight stable mutations (including three in antigenic sites) occurred while the patient was asymptomatic and shedding the virus. GII.4 Sydney_2012 strain tends to undergo stable mutations during the asymptomatic shedding phase and may generate new variants in chronic diarrhea patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Mai
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Peking University Hepatology Institute, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Gao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Peking University Hepatology Institute, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xu Cong
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Hepatology Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ning Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaojun Huang
- Peking University People's Hospital, Institute of Hematology, Beijing, China
| | - Lanping Xu
- Peking University People's Hospital, Institute of Hematology, Beijing, China
| | - Yuhong Chen
- Peking University People's Hospital, Institute of Hematology, Beijing, China
| | - Lai Wei
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Hepatology Institute, Beijing, China
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Wu X, Han J, Chen L, Xu D, Shen Y, Zha Y, Zhu X, Ji L. Prevalence and genetic diversity of noroviruses in adults with acute gastroenteritis in Huzhou, China, 2013-2014. Arch Virol 2015; 160:1705-13. [PMID: 25951970 PMCID: PMC4464852 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-015-2440-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2015] [Accepted: 04/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Norovirus (NoV) infection is the most common cause of nonbacterial acute gastroenteritis, which affects both adults and children. However, the molecular epidemiology of NoV in adults with acute gastroenteritis in China has not been investigated extensively. In this study, we investigated the occurrence of NoV infections and analyzed the genetic diversity of NoV in adults with acute gastroenteritis in Huzhou, China. A total of 796 fecal samples were collected from outpatients (≥16 years of age) between March 2013 and February 2014. Real-time RT-PCR was performed to detect NoV genogroups I (GI) and II (GII). For genotyping, the capsid and RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) genes were partially amplified and sequenced for phylogenetic analysis. NoVs were detected in 26.51 % (211/796) of the specimens, with GII being predominant, representing 96.20 % of the NoV infections. At least nine genotypes were identified among GI and GII specimens, including GI.P2/GI.2, GI.P3/GI.3, GI.P4/GI.4, GII.Pe/GII.4 Sydney_2012, GII.P12/GII.3, GII.P7/GII.6, GII.P16/GII.13, GII.Pe, and GII.Pg (RdRp only). This is the first report of a GII.P16/GII.13 recombinant virus in adults in China. GII.Pe/GII.4 Sydney_2012 was the most prevalent genotype and the only GII.4 variant identified during the study period. Our findings suggested that NoV was a common causative agent of acute gastroenteritis in adults in Huzhou, China. During the study period, the NoVs circulating in adults in Huzhou were predominantly GII.4 Sydney_2012 variants and GII NoV recombinants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofang Wu
- Huzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 999 Changxing Road, Huzhou, 313000, Zhejiang, China
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Xue L, Wu Q, Kou X, Cai W, Zhang J, Guo W. Genome characterization of a GII.6 norovirus strain identified in China. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2015; 31:110-7. [PMID: 25660038 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2015.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2014] [Revised: 01/10/2015] [Accepted: 01/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Noroviruses (NoVs) are the primary cause of non-bacterial acute gastroenteritis worldwide. Most NoV infections are caused by GII.4, but GII.6 is also an important genotype with a long-term persistence in human populations. In this study, the complete genome sequence of a NoV strain GZ2010-L96 isolated in China was identified and analyzed phylogenetically. The viral genome comprised 7550 nucleotides, and its phylogenetic analysis revealed that the strain belonged to GII.6 genotype. All reported GII.6 NoV capsid protein sequences were also collected for comparative analysis, and GZ2010-L96 was clustered into GII.6-b with other 8 strains. Meanwhile, it was found that 53 spots on viral capsid showed subcluster specificity according to multiple alignments. Moreover, homologous modeling of GZ2010-L96 based on comparison with GII.4 VA387 strain showed a different antigen distribution pattern. In summary, the genome of the GII.6 strain GZ2010-L96 detected in China was extensively characterized, and phylogenetic analyses of GII.6 NoVs based on the capsid proteins may reveal a different evolution process from the predominant genotype GII.4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Xue
- Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangzhou 510070, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangzhou 510070, PR China
| | - Qingping Wu
- Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangzhou 510070, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangzhou 510070, PR China.
| | - Xiaoxia Kou
- Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangzhou 510070, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangzhou 510070, PR China
| | - Weicheng Cai
- Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangzhou 510070, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangzhou 510070, PR China
| | - Jumei Zhang
- Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangzhou 510070, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangzhou 510070, PR China
| | - Weipeng Guo
- Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangzhou 510070, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangzhou 510070, PR China
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Li F, Wang W, Zhu Z, Chen A, Du P, Wang R, Chen H, Hu Y, Li J, Kan B, Wang D. Distribution, virulence-associated genes and antimicrobial resistance of Aeromonas isolates from diarrheal patients and water, China. J Infect 2014; 70:600-8. [PMID: 25447712 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2014.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2014] [Revised: 10/27/2014] [Accepted: 11/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine the prevalence of Aeromonas infections in diarrheal patients, the distribution of virulence-associated genes and antibiotic resistance among different Aeromonas species in China. METHODS We conducted continual active surveillance aimed on Aeromonas from diarrheal patients and aquatic samples. Aeromonas strains were identified by biochemical tests, further confirmed to species level by a multilocus phylogenetic analysis. Potential virulence genes were detected by PCR. Antibiotics susceptibility testing was carried based on the minimal inhibitory concentration. RESULTS From 5069 samples (stool specimens, n = 4529; water samples, n = 540) in China, 257 Aeromonas isolates [stools, n = 193 (4.3%); water, n = 64 (11.9%)] were identified by biochemical tests. The most common species from stools and water were Aeromonas veronii (42.5%) and Aeromonas caviae (37.5%), respectively. Distribution of five potential genes were significantly different between stool and water samples, two genes (ast and alt) were higher in stool than in water samples (P < 0.01). Meanwhile, three species (A. veronii, A. caviae and Aeromonas aquariorum) account for the six most prevalent combination patterns of potential genes. Furthermore, strains resistant to nine antibiotics was markedly higher in strains isolated from water than those from stools (P ≤ 0.003); in contrast, resistance to only two antibiotics was higher in strains isolated from stools compared to those from water. In addition, strains containing multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) from stools (8.6%; 16/187) and water (30.2%; 19/63) were resistant to ten or more antibiotics. CONCLUSION Our study highlights the multiple factors involved in the pathogenesis of Aeromonas and reveals that environmental Aeromonas has acquired a wide range of MAR compared to those from clinical sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengjuan Li
- National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, China CDC /State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, China
| | | | - Zhaoqin Zhu
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | | | - Pengcheng Du
- National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, China CDC /State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ruibai Wang
- National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, China CDC /State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, China
| | - Haili Chen
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yunwen Hu
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Li
- National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, China CDC /State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, China
| | - Biao Kan
- National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, China CDC /State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Duochun Wang
- National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, China CDC /State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, China.
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12
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Jia LP, Qian Y, Zhang Y, Deng L, Liu LY, Zhu RN, Zhao LQ, Huang H, Zheng CG, Dong HJ. Prevalence and genetic diversity of noroviruses in outpatient pediatric clinics in Beijing, China 2010-2012. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2014; 28:71-7. [PMID: 25218087 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2014.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2014] [Revised: 08/11/2014] [Accepted: 09/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Norovirus is a major cause of diarrheal disease with epidemic, outbreak or sporadic patterns in humans of all ages worldwide. This study aimed to determine the genotypic characteristics of noroviruses from infants and children in Beijing. Stool samples (n=1128) were collected from patients with symptoms of acute gastroenteritis in the past 3 years from 2010 to 2012. The norovirus positivity rate was 16.1% (182/1128) by using RT-PCR, including 122 with primer set covering polymerase region, 177 with primer set covering capsid region, and 117 with both polymerase and capsid regions. By sequence analysis for capsid genes, all the noroviruses identified were belonging to genogroup II (GII). Among these positive samples, GII.4 (61.0%) was the most common genotype detected, followed by GII.3 (35.0%). The new variant GII.4 Sydney_2012 strains emerged in this study in September and became the predominant genotype later. Those 117 from 182 RT-PCR positive samplers were able to be genotyped based on the sequences of both polymerase and capsid genes. The result was interesting that 59 out of these 117 positive specimens (50.4%) had mismatched genotypes between polymerase and capsid genes, including 7 suspected recombinants patterns. Among them, GII.P12/GII.3 was the most common combination which accounts for 54.2% (32/59), followed by GII.Pe/GII.4 Sydney_2012 which was 23.7% (14/59). Two novel recombinants, GII.P22/GII.5 and GII.21/GII.3 were first detected in this study. In summary, this study provides a detailed description based on laboratory data of the genetic diversity of norovirus in young children with acute gastroenteritis in Beijing. Moreover the data revealed that in the evolution of norovirus, new variant and novel recombination emerged frequently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-ping Jia
- Laboratory of Virology, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Yuan Qian
- Laboratory of Virology, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing 100020, China.
| | - You Zhang
- Laboratory of Virology, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Li Deng
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Children's Hospital Affiliated to Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Li-ying Liu
- Laboratory of Virology, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Ru-nan Zhu
- Laboratory of Virology, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Lin-qing Zhao
- Laboratory of Virology, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Hui Huang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Children's Hospital Affiliated to Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Chong-guang Zheng
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Children's Hospital Affiliated to Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Hui-jin Dong
- Laboratory of Virology, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing 100020, China
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Luo J, Xu Z, Nie K, Ding X, Guan L, Wang J, Xian Y, Wu X, Ma X. Visual detection of norovirus genogroup II by reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification with hydroxynaphthol blue dye. FOOD AND ENVIRONMENTAL VIROLOGY 2014; 6:196-201. [PMID: 24752892 DOI: 10.1007/s12560-014-9142-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2013] [Accepted: 04/04/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
A simple, rapid, specific, and sensitive colorimetric reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP) assay with hydroxynaphthol blue dye (HNB) was established, targeting RNA-dependent RNA polymerase and capsid protein gene for the detection of the dominant norovirus genogroup in China-NoV GII. The assay was carried out at 65 °C for 60 min with no cross-reactivity with other common gastroenteritis viruses. The sensitivity of this assay was 10(3) copies per reaction which is equivalent to the conventional RT-PCR test. The clinical test showed 94.83% coincidence rate for NoV genogroup II detection compared with the results, confirmed by the Department of Viral Diarrhea of Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention via conventional RT-PCR. The HNB dye-based RT-LAMP could be a novel rapid screening method for prevalent norovirus genogroup II in China, especially in those resource-limited hospitals and rural local clinics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianming Luo
- Key Laboratory for Medical Virology, Ministry of Health, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 155 Changbai Road, Beijing, 102206, China
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14
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Tian G, Jin M, Li H, Li Q, Wang J, Duan ZJ. Clinical characteristics and genetic diversity of noroviruses in adults with acute gastroenteritis in Beijing, China in 2008-2009. J Med Virol 2014; 86:1235-42. [PMID: 24523136 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.23802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Norovirus (NoV) infections that cause acute gastroenteritis are commonly observed during colder months. This study was conducted to investigate the clinical features and molecular epidemiology of NoVs in adult outpatients with acute gastroenteritis in Beijing, China from August 2008 to July 2009. Five hundred nineteen patients were enrolled, their stool specimens were collected, and 136 (26.2%) were positive for NoV. The elderly were found to be more susceptible to NoVs than other age groups. The greatest number of gastroenteritis cases associated with occurred in October. Six GI and eleven GII NoV genotypes were isolated; among these, the GII.4 genotype was most prevalent (70/140 and 50% were the 2006b variant). The elderly were more susceptible to the GII.4 genotype than to other genotypes. Greater numbers of neutrophils in the peripheral blood were observed in the NoV infected group than in uninfected control group. However, the levels of neutrophils and leukocytes in the non-GII.4 patients infected with NoV were higher than those of the GII.4-infected patients. The data highlight the role of NoV as a primary agent responsible for gastroenteritis in adults in Beijing, China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geng Tian
- Infectious Diseases Department, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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15
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Yu Y, Yan S, Li B, Pan Y, Wang Y. Genetic diversity and distribution of human norovirus in China (1999-2011). BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:196169. [PMID: 24672783 PMCID: PMC3918700 DOI: 10.1155/2014/196169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2013] [Revised: 10/25/2013] [Accepted: 11/02/2013] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Noroviruses (NoVs) are a leading cause of epidemic and sporadic acute gastroenteritis worldwide. However, the genetic diversity and geographical distribution of NoV isolates from China have not been well described thus far. In this study, all NoV sequences obtained in China from 1999 to 2011 (n = 983), both partial and complete genomes, were downloaded from GenBank. Genotyping and phylogenetic and recombination analyses were performed in order to gain a better understanding of the distribution and genetic diversity of NoVs in China. The results indicated that approximately 90% of NoV sequences were obtained from the coastal regions of China, and most of the NoV sequences from distinct geographical regions appeared to be closely related. GII.4 was the most prevalent genotype, accounting for 64.4% of all genotypes, followed by GII.12 (13.9%) and GII.3 (7.0%). Over the last decade, the GII.4 variants were dominated by successive circulation of GII.4/2002, GII.4/2004, GII.4/2006b, and GII.4/2008, with GII.4/2006b continuing to date. A relatively high frequency of NoV intergenotype recombinants was identified. The most common ORF1/ORF2 intergenotype recombinant was GII.12/GII.4 (n = 11), and the relative frequency was up to 30% among all the recombinant strains (n = 36). These findings may aid in the evaluation and implementation of appropriate measures for monitoring NoV infectious diseases in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongxin Yu
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquatic-Product Processing & Preservation, Shanghai 201306, China
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Shuling Yan
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University of Goettingen, 37077 Goettingen, Germany
| | - Bailin Li
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquatic-Product Processing & Preservation, Shanghai 201306, China
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Yingjie Pan
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquatic-Product Processing & Preservation, Shanghai 201306, China
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Yongjie Wang
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquatic-Product Processing & Preservation, Shanghai 201306, China
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
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Ji L, Wu X, Yao W, Chen L, Xu D, Shen Y, Shen J, Han J. Rapid emergence of novel GII.4 sub-lineages noroviruses associated with outbreaks in Huzhou, China, 2008-2012. PLoS One 2013; 8:e82627. [PMID: 24324813 PMCID: PMC3853588 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0082627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2013] [Accepted: 10/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Infection caused by noroviruses (NoVs) is one of the most important causes of acute gastroenteritis in humans worldwide. To gain insight into the epidemiology of and genetic variation in NoV strains, stool samples collected from 18 outbreaks of acute gastroenteritis in Huzhou, China, between January 2008 and December 2012 were analyzed. Samples were tested for NoVs by real-time RT-PCR. Partial sequences of the RNA- dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) and capsid gene of the positive samples were amplified by RT-PCR, and the PCR products were sequenced and used for phylogenetic analysis. NoVs were found to be responsible of 88.8% of all nonbacterial acute gastroenteritis outbreaks in Huzhou over the last 5 years. Genogroup II outbreaks largely predominated and represented 93% of all outbreaks. A variety of genotypes were found among genogroups I and II, including GI.4, GI.8, GII.4, and GII.b. Moreover, phylogenetic analyses identified two recombinant genotypes (polymerase/capsid): GI.2/GI.6 and GII.e/GII.4 2012 Sydney. GII.4 was predominant and involved in 8/10 typed outbreaks. During the study period, GII.4 NoV variants 2006b, New Orleans 2009, and Sydney 2012 were identified. This is the first report of the detection of GII.4 New Orleans 2009 variant, GII.e/GII.4 Sydney 2012 recombinant in outbreaks of acute gastroenteritis in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Ji
- Huzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Huzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xiaofang Wu
- Huzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Huzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Wenting Yao
- Huzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Huzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Liping Chen
- Huzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Huzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Deshun Xu
- Huzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Huzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yuehua Shen
- Huzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Huzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Jiayu Shen
- Huzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Huzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Jiankang Han
- Huzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Huzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
- * E-mail:
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17
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Fu JG, Ai J, Qi X, Zhang J, Tang FY, Zhu YF. Emergence of two novel norovirus genotype II.4 variants associated with viral gastroenteritis in China. J Med Virol 2013; 86:1226-34. [PMID: 24136475 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.23799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/21/2013] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Noroviruses (NoVs) are the principal cause of epidemic viral gastroenteritis worldwide, including industrialized and developing countries. Eight hundred and fifty sporadic specimens from hospitalized children with acute gastroenteritis and 131 specimens from seven gastroenteritis outbreaks were collected during 2011-2012 in Jiangsu, China. All specimens were tested for the presence of norovirus (NoV) by real time RT-PCR, and in these, 225/850 of sporadic specimens and 76/131 of outbreak specimens were positive. By sequencing, two novel variants termed JS2011/CHN variant and JS2012/CHN variant were found. By complete genome sequencing and phylogenetic analysis confirmed that both JS2011/CHN variant and JS2012/CHN variant shared more than 98% identity with GII.4 New Orleans/2009/USA strain and GII.4 Sydney/2012/AUS. Both of them had mutations in some key sites in nucleotide sequence and amino acid sequence of ORF1-ORF3. Whether two novel variants will cause epidemic of NoV outbreaks in China deserves further attention. A national surveillance network may be needed to identify trends in molecular evolution of NoVs for prevention of future epidemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-guang Fu
- Department of Acute Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Key Lab of Enteric Pathogenic Microbiology, Ministry of Health, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, China
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18
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Xue L, Wu Q, Dong R, Kou X, Li Y, Zhang J, Guo W. Genetic Analysis of Noroviruses Associated with Sporadic Gastroenteritis During Winter in Guangzhou, China. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2013; 10:888-95. [PMID: 23947818 DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2013.1521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Liang Xue
- School of Bioscience and Bioengineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology (Ministry-Guangdong Province Jointly Breeding Base), South China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Qingping Wu
- Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology (Ministry-Guangdong Province Jointly Breeding Base), South China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ruimin Dong
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoxia Kou
- Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology (Ministry-Guangdong Province Jointly Breeding Base), South China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yonglai Li
- Laboratory Department, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jumei Zhang
- Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology (Ministry-Guangdong Province Jointly Breeding Base), South China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Weipeng Guo
- Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology (Ministry-Guangdong Province Jointly Breeding Base), South China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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19
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Mai H, Jin M, Guo X, Liu J, Liu N, Cong X, Gao Y, Wei L. Clinical and epidemiologic characteristics of norovirus GII.4 Sydney during winter 2012-13 in Beijing, China following its global emergence. PLoS One 2013; 8:e71483. [PMID: 23977050 PMCID: PMC3745450 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0071483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2013] [Accepted: 06/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Limited information is available on the molecular epidemiology of GII.4 Sydney-associated diarrhea in China in the winter of 2012-13 during the global epidemic associated with the emergence of GII.4 Sydney. METHODS Fecal specimens collected from 171 diarrhea outpatients (one from each) between late October 2012 and the middle of March 2013 were examined for NoV by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and sequences corresponding to both the NoV partial polymerase and partial capsid regions were analyzed phylogenetically. Clinical characteristics of GII.4 Sydney cases versus other NoV-positive cases detected in a previous study were compared statistically. RESULTS Twenty-six (15.2%, 26/171) outpatients with diarrhea were infected with NoV. Twenty-two of the 26 (84.6%) identified NoV strains clustered into GII.4 Sydney. There was a significant difference in symptoms of fever (χ(2), P<0.05 ), abdominal pain (χ(2), P<0.05 ) and diarrhea frequency (Mann-Whitney U test, P<0.05) between the GII.4 Sydney case group and other NoV-positive case group. CONCLUSIONS The new NoV variant, GII.4 Sydney, has been circulating in Beijing, China and became the predominant strain in the winter of 2012-13. GII.4 Sydney causes severe fever, abdominal pain and higher diarrhea frequency clinically compared to other NoV infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Mai
- Peking University People’s Hospital, Peking University Hepatology Institute, Department of Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Miao Jin
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - XiaoLin Guo
- Peking University People’s Hospital, Peking University Hepatology Institute, Department of Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Jian Liu
- Peking University People’s Hospital, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Beijing, China
| | - Ning Liu
- Peking University People’s Hospital, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Beijing, China
| | - Xu Cong
- Peking University People’s Hospital, Peking University Hepatology Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Gao
- Peking University People’s Hospital, Peking University Hepatology Institute, Department of Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China
- * E-mail:
| | - Lai Wei
- Peking University People’s Hospital, Peking University Hepatology Institute, Beijing, China
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20
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Lim KL, Eden JS, Oon LL, White PA. Molecular epidemiology of norovirus in Singapore, 2004-2011. J Med Virol 2013; 85:1842-51. [DOI: 10.1002/jmv.23669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/14/2013] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Lynette L.E. Oon
- Molecular Laboratory, Department of Pathology; Singapore General Hospital; Singapore
| | - Peter A. White
- Faculty of Science; School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences; University of New South Wales; Sydney; NSW; Australia
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21
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Complete genome analysis of a novel norovirus GII.4 variant identified in China. Virus Genes 2013; 47:228-34. [PMID: 23824633 DOI: 10.1007/s11262-013-0945-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2013] [Accepted: 06/18/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The complete genome sequence of a novel norovirus strain GZ2010-L87 identified in Guangzhou was analyzed phylogenetically in this study. The RNA genome of the GZ2010-L87 strain is composed of 7,559 nucleotides. The phylogenetic analysis based on open reading frame (ORF) 2 revealed that the strain belongs to the GII.4 genotype, forming the new cluster GII.4-2009 which was also identified in Asia and the USA since 2009. Furthermore, phylogenetic analyses of the full genome and the different open reading frame sequences of GZ2010-L87 and other representative strains suggested that the novel strain did not undergo recombination. Comparative analysis with the consensus sequence of 31 completely sequenced norovirus GII.4-2009 genomes showed 86 mismatched nucleotides (56 in ORF1, 16 in ORF2, and 14 in ORF3), resulting in 19 amino acid changes (9 in ORF1, 3 in ORF2, and 7 in ORF3). Furthermore, 12 variable sites were found on the capsid protein of norovirus GII.4-2009, and most were located at the P2 domain. Meanwhile, based on comparison with other GII.4 clusters, 14 sites were shown specific to the novel cluster. In summary, the genome of the new GII.4-2009 variant GZ2010-L87, which was first identified in China, was extensively characterized with a large panel of genetically diverse noroviruses. The genomic information obtained from the novel variant can be used not only as a full-length norovirus sequence standard in China but also as reference data for future evolution research.
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22
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Sai L, Wang G, Shao L, Liu H, Zhang Y, Qu C, Ma L. Clinical and molecular epidemiology of norovirus infection in adults with acute gastroenteritis in Ji’nan, China. Arch Virol 2013; 158:2315-22. [DOI: 10.1007/s00705-013-1753-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2013] [Accepted: 05/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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23
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Wang YH, Zhou DJ, Zhou X, Yang T, Ghosh S, Pang BB, Peng JS, Liu MQ, Hu Q, Kobayashi N. Molecular epidemiology of noroviruses in children and adults with acute gastroenteritis in Wuhan, China, 2007-2010. Arch Virol 2012; 157:2417-24. [PMID: 22886184 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-012-1437-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2012] [Accepted: 06/27/2012] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
To study epidemiological features and genetic characteristics of noroviruses in children and adults with acute gastroenteritis, fecal specimens were collected in three hospitals from Jan. 2007 to May 2010 in Wuhan, China. Noroviruses were detected in 25.9 % (286/1103) and 24.6 % (202/822) of the specimens from children and adults, respectively, with genogroup II (GII) being predominant (99.2 %). The most frequent genotype among GII strains was GII.4 (2006b variant) (77.3 %) (72.0 % in children and 87.9 % in adults), followed by GII.3 (15.0 %) and GII.6 (3.4 %). Potential recombinant genotypes (polymerase/capsid) were detected in 51 GII strains (15.9 %), including the most frequent type, GII.12/GII.3 (28 strains), and GII.16/GII.2, detected for the first time in China, which were found in only children. The results indicated that genetically similar noroviruses were circulating among children and adults as a cause of gastroenteritis, except for some recombinant genotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Hong Wang
- Virology Section, Wuhan Centers for Disease Prevention and Control, Wuhan 430015, Hubei, People's Republic of China.
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