Serum urate is associated with an increased risk of inflammatory bowel disease: A bidirectional Mendelian randomization study

Figure 2 Association of urate levels and inflammatory bowel disease in Mendelian randomization analyses (inverse-variance weighted estimate). Estimated odds ratios (OR) represent the effect of per log-OR increase in urate levels on inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), using inverse-variance weighted analysis, per outcome database separately. The meta-analyses combined the three databases (genome-wide association studies meta-analysis by Liu et al[19] and the FinnGen and UK Biobank databases) for UC and the former two databases for IBD and Crohn’s disease (UK Biobank data were not available) using a fixed-effects model. IBD: Inflammatory bowel disease; UA: Ursolic acid; UC: Ulcerative colitis; SNP: Single-nucleotide polymorphisms; CD: Crohn’s disease; CI: Confidence interval; IVW: Inverse-variance weighted.