Fluid balance concepts in medicine: Principles and practice

Figure 4 The fraction extracellular volume over total body water in elderly subjects with relatively compensated congestive heart failure and healthy controls. Mean values ECFV/TBW in the study of Sergi et al[228]. The mean ejection fraction of elderly patients with relatively compensate congestive heart failure (CHF) and absence of pleural effusion was 40%. Total body water (TBW) was measured by ²H₂O dilution and extracellular volume (ECFV) by bromide dilution. The fraction ECFV/TBW was significantly higher in subjects with CHF.