Central blood pressure and chronic kidney disease

Figure 9 Disparate effects of antihypertensive drugs on central blood pressure. Differences between brachial systolic blood pressure and central systolic blood pressure (ΔSBP2) were compared between vasodilator (VD) and non-vasosilator (non-VD) antihypertensive medications. ΔSBP2 was adjusted by age, gender, height, BMI, diastolic blood pressure and use of nitrate. The comparison between actual VD and non-VD only regimen was shown in left panel (A). Right panel (B) depicted comparisons among VD(est), non-VD(est) and Mixed combination of VD and non-VD. “(est)” indicated including data derived from mixed combination, for which the effects of VD and non-VD alone on ΔSBP2 were estimated. Non-hypertensive population (non-HT) was used as physiological reference for ΔSBP2. VD antihypertensive drugs included angiotensin receptor blocker, calcium channel blocker, converting enzyme inhibitor and alpha-blocker. Non-VD group includes beta-blocker and diuretics. Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare the means, unless otherwise specified. K-W and G-H described Kruskal-Wallis and Games-Howell multiple comparison test[40].